Application of cyclic phosphonamide reagents in the total synthesis of natural products and biologically active molecules
- Thilo Focken and
- Stephen Hanessian
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1848–1877, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.195
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Examples of phosphonamide reagents used in stereoselective synthesis.
Figure 2: Natural products and bioactive molecules synthesized using phosphonamide-based chemistry (atoms, bo...
Scheme 1: Olefination with cyclic phosphonamide anions, mechanistic rationale, and selected examples 27a–d [18].
Scheme 2: Asymmetric olefination with chiral phosphonamide anions and selected examples 31a–d [1,22].
Scheme 3: Synthesis of α-substituted phosphonic acids 33a–e by asymmetric alkylation of chiral phosphonamide ...
Scheme 4: Asymmetric conjugate additions of C2-symmetric chiral phosphonamide anions to cyclic enones, lacton...
Scheme 5: Asymmetric conjugate additions of P-chiral phosphonamide anions generated from 40a and 44a to cycli...
Scheme 6: Asymmetric cyclopropanation with chiral chloroallyl phosphonamide 47, mechanistic rationale, and se...
Scheme 7: Asymmetric cyclopropanation with chiral chloromethyl phosphonamide 28d [59].
Scheme 8: Stereoselective synthesis of cis-aziridines 57 from chiral chloroallyl phosphonamide 47a [62].
Scheme 9: Synthesis of phosphonamides by (A) Arbuzov reaction, (B) condensation of diamines with phosphonic a...
Figure 3: Original and revised structure of polyoxin A (69) [24-26].
Scheme 10: Synthesis of (E)-polyoximic acid (9) [24-26].
Figure 4: Key assembly strategy of acetoxycrenulide (10) [41,42].
Scheme 11: Total synthesis of (+)-acetoxycrenulide (10) [41,42].
Scheme 12: Synthesis squalene synthase inhibitor 19 by asymmetric sulfuration (A) and asymmetric alkylation (B...
Figure 5: Key assembly strategy of fumonisin B2 (20) and its tricarballylic acid fragment 105 [45,46].
Scheme 13: Final steps of the total synthesis of fumonisin B2 (20) [45,46].
Figure 6: Selected examples of two subclasses of β-lactam antibiotics – carbapenems (111 and 112) and trinems...
Scheme 14: Synthesis of tricyclic β-lactam antibiotic 123 [97].
Scheme 15: Total synthesis of (−)-anthoplalone (8) [56].
Figure 7: Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) inhibitors 130, 131 and model compounds 16, 132 and 133 [68].
Scheme 16: Synthesis of model PTP inhibitors 16a,b [68].
Scheme 17: Synthesis of aziridine hydroxamic acid 17 as MMP inhibitor [63].
Scheme 18: Synthesis of methyl jasmonate (11) [48].
Figure 8: Structures of nudiflosides A (137) and D (13) [49].
Scheme 19: Total synthesis of the pentasubstituted cyclopentane core 159 of nudiflosides A (151) and D (13) an...
Figure 9: L-glutamic acid (161) and constrained analogues [57,124].
Scheme 20: Stereoselective synthesis of DCG-IV (162) [57].
Scheme 21: Stereoselective synthesis of mGluR agonist 21 [124].
Figure 10: Key assembly strategy of berkelic acid (15) [43].
Scheme 22: Total synthesis of berkelic acid (15) [43].
Figure 11: Key assembly strategy of jerangolid A (22) and ambruticin S (14) [27,28].
Scheme 23: Final assembly steps in the total synthesis of jerangolid A [27].
Scheme 24: Key assembly steps in the total synthesis of ambruticin S (14) [28].
Figure 12: General steroid construction strategy based on conjugate addition of 212 to cyclopentenone 48, exem...
Scheme 25: Total synthesis of estrone (12) [44].
