Recent advances in the electrochemical construction of heterocycles
- Robert Francke
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2858–2873, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.303
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Common types of electrochemically induced cyclization reactions.
Scheme 1: Principle of indirect electrolysis.
Scheme 2: Anodic intramolecular cyclization of olefines in methanol.
Scheme 3: Anodic cyclization of olefines in CH2Cl2/DMSO.
Scheme 4: Intramolecular coupling of 1,6-dienes in CH2Cl2/DMSO.
Scheme 5: Cyclization of bromopropargyloxy ester 12.
Scheme 6: Proposed mechanism for the radical cyclization of bromopropargyloxy ester 12.
Scheme 7: Preparation of pyrrolidines and tetrahydrofurans via Kolbe-type electrolysis of unsaturated carboxy...
Scheme 8: Anodic cyclization of chalcone oximes 19.
Scheme 9: Generation of N-acyliminium (23) and alkoxycarbenium species (24) from amides and ethers with and w...
Scheme 10: Anodic cyclization of dipeptide 25.
Scheme 11: Anodic cyclization of a dipeptide using an electroauxiliary.
Scheme 12: Anodic cyclization of hydroxyamino compound 29.
Scheme 13: Cyclization of unsaturated thioacetals using the ArS(ArSSAr)+ mediator.
Scheme 14: Cyclization of biaryl 35 to carbazol 36 as key-step of the synthesis of glycozoline (37).
Scheme 15: Electrosynthesis of 39 as part of the total synthesis of alkaloids 40 and 41.
Scheme 16: Wacker-type cyclization of alkenyl phenols 42.
Scheme 17: Cathodic synthesis of indol derivatives.
Scheme 18: Fluoride mediated anodic cyclization of α-(phenylthio)acetamides.
Scheme 19: Synthesis of 2-substituted benzoxazoles from Schiff bases.
Scheme 20: Synthesis of euglobal model compounds via electrochemically induced Diels–Alder cycloaddition.
Scheme 21: Cycloaddition of anodically generated N-acyliminium species 58 with olefins and alkynes.
Scheme 22: Electrochemical aziridination of olefins.
Scheme 23: Proposed mechanism for the aziridination reaction.
Scheme 24: Electrochemical synthesis of benzofuran and indole derivatives.
Scheme 25: Anodic anellation of catechol derivatives 66 with different 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.
Scheme 26: Electrosynthesis of 1,2-fused indoles from catechol and ketene N,O-acetals.
Scheme 27: Reaction of N-acyliminium pools with olefins having a nucleophilic substituent.
Scheme 28: Synthesis of thiochromans using the cation-pool method.
Scheme 29: Electrochemical synthesis and diversity-oriented modification of 73.
