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Search for "Raney nickel" in Full Text gives 53 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry.
Mitomycins syntheses: a recent update
- Jean-Christophe Andrez
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 33, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.33
- to an aziridine. The thiophenyl component was then removed with Raney nickel, which provided an elegant way to introduce the N-methyl group of the aziridine. Compound 44 was then treated with (trimethylsilyl)methyl lithium to install the exocyclic olefin via Peterson’s method. The p
- reacted with the terminal olefin to form the eight membered ring 121 (Scheme 35). Easy cleavage of the nitrogen–oxygen bond was realized using Raney nickel and the unsaturated ketone 122 was obtained in good yield. It is known that when a medium-sized ring is being generated by the INOC process none of
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Aziridine containing natural products.
Scheme 2: Mitomycin structures and nomenclature.
Scheme 3: Base catalysed epimerization of mitomycin B.
Scheme 4: Biosynthesis of mitomycin C (MMC) 7.
Scheme 5: Mode of action of mitomycin C.
Scheme 6: The N–C3–C9a disconnection.
Scheme 7: Danishefsky’s Retrosynthesis of mitomycin K.
Scheme 8: Hetero Diels–Alder reaction en route to mitomycins.
Scheme 9: Nitroso Diels–Alder cycloaddition.
Scheme 10: Frank azide cycloadddition.
Scheme 11: Final steps of mitomycin K synthesis. aPDC, DCM; bPhSCH2N3, PhH, 80 °C; cL-selectride, THF, −78 °C; ...
Scheme 12: Naruta–Maruyama retrosynthesis.
Scheme 13: Synthesis of a leucoaziridinomitosane by nitrene cycloaddition. aAlCl3-Et2O; bNaH, ClCH2OMe; cn-BuL...
Scheme 14: Thermal decomposition of azidoquinone 51.
Scheme 15: Diastereoselectivity during the cycloaddition.
Scheme 16: Oxidation with iodo-azide.
Scheme 17: Williams’ approach towards mitomycins.aDEIPSCl, Imidazole, DCM; bPd/C, HCO2NH4, MeOH; cAllocCl, NaH...
Scheme 18: Synthesis of pyrrolidones by homoconjugate addition.
Scheme 19: Homoconjugate addition on the fully functionalized substrate.
Scheme 20: Introduction of the olefin.
Scheme 21: Retrosynthesis of N–C9a, N–C3 bond formation.
Scheme 22: Synthesis of the pyrrolo[1,2]indole 82 using N-PSP activation.aAc2O, Py; bAc2O, Hg(OAc)2, AcOH, 90%...
Scheme 23: Synthesis of an aziridinomitosane. am-CPBA, DCM then iPr2NH, CCl4 reflux; bK2CO3, MeOH; cBnBr, KH; d...
Scheme 24: Oxidation products of a leucoaziridinomitosane obtained from a Polonovski oxidation.
Scheme 25: Polonovski oxidation of an aziridinomitosane. am-CPBA; bPd/C, H2; cDimethoxypropane, PPTS.
Scheme 26: The C1–C9a disconnection.
Scheme 27: Ziegler synthesis of desmethoxymitomycin A.aIm2C=O, THF; bNH3; cTMSOTf, 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine, ...
Scheme 28: Transformation of sodium erythorbate.aTBDMSCl; bNaN3; cPPh3; d(Boc)2O, DMAP; eTBAF; fTf2O, Pyr.
Scheme 29: Formation of C9,C10-unsaturation in the mitomycins. am-CPBA, DCM; bO3, MeOH; cMe2S; dKHMDS, (EtO)3P...
Scheme 30: Fragmentation mechanism.
Scheme 31: Michael addition-cyclisation.
Scheme 32: SmI2 8-endo-dig cyclisation.
Scheme 33: Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole by 5-exo-dig radical cyclization.
Scheme 34: The C9–C9a disconnection.
Scheme 35: Intramolecular nitrile oxide cycloaddition.
Scheme 36: Regioselectivity of the INOC.
Scheme 37: Fukuyama’s INOC strategy.
Scheme 38: Synthesis of a mitosane core by rearrangement of a 1-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1,3-butadiene.
Scheme 39: Sulikowski synthesis of an aziridinomitosene. aPd(Tol3P)2Cl2, Bu3SnF, 140; bH2, Pd/C; cTFAA, Et3N; d...
Scheme 40: Enantioselective carbene insertion.
Scheme 41: Parson’s radical cyclization.
Scheme 42: Cha’s mitomycin B core synthesis.
Scheme 43: The N-aromatic disconnection.
Scheme 44: Kishi retrosynthesis.
Scheme 45: Kishi synthesis of a starting material. aallyl bromide, K2CO3, acetone, reflux; bN,N-Dimethylanilin...
Scheme 46: Kishi synthesis of MMC 7. aLDA, THF, −78 °C then PhSeBr, THF, −78 °C; bH2O2, THF-EtOAc; cDIBAL, DCM...
Scheme 47: Acid catalyzed degradation of MMC 7.
Scheme 48: In vivo formation of apomitomycin B.
Scheme 49: Advanced intermediate for apomitomycin B synthesis.
Scheme 50: Remers synthesis of a functionalized mitosene. aTMSCl, Et3N, ZnCl2 then NBS; bAcOK; cNH2OH; dPd/C, H...
Scheme 51: Coleman synthesis of desmethoxymitomycin A. aSnCl2, PhSH, Et3N, CH3CN; bClCO2Bn, Et3N; cPPh3, DIAD,...
Scheme 52: Transition state and pyrrolidine synthesis.
Scheme 53: Air oxidation of mitosanes and aziridinomitosanes.
Scheme 54: The C9-aromatic disconnection.
Scheme 55: Synthesis of the aziridine precursor. aLHMDS, THF; bNaOH; c(s)-α-Me-BnNH2, DCC, HOBT; dDIBAL; eK2CO3...
Scheme 56: Synthesis of 206 via enamine conjugate addition.
Scheme 57: Rapoport synthesis of an aziridinomitosene.
Scheme 58: One pot synthesis of a mitomycin analog.
Scheme 59: Synthesis of compound 218 via intramolecular Heck coupling. aEtMgCl, THF, then 220; bMsCl, Et3N; cN...
Scheme 60: Elaboration of indole 223. aEt3N, Ac2O; bAcOH; cSOCl2, Et3N; dNaN3, DMF; eH2SO4, THF; fK2CO3, MeOH; ...
Scheme 61: C9-C9a functionalization from indole.
Scheme 62: Synthesis of mitomycin K. a2 equiv. MoO5.HMPA, MeOH; bPPh3, Et3N, THF-H2O; cMeOTf, Py, DCM; dMe3SiCH...
Scheme 63: Configurational stability of mitomycin K derivatives.
Scheme 64: Epimerization of carbon C9a in compound 227b.
Scheme 65: Corey–Chaykovsky synthesis of indol 235.
Scheme 66: Cory intramolecular aza-Darzens reaction for the formation of aziridinomitosene 239.
Scheme 67: Jimenez synthesis of aziridinomitosene 242.
Scheme 68: Von Braun opening of indoline 244.
Scheme 69: C9a oxidation of an aziridinomitosane with DDQ/OsO4.
Scheme 70: Synthesis of epi-mitomycin K. aNaH, Me2SO4; bH2, Pd/C; cMitscher reagent [165]; d[(trimethylsilyl)methyl...
Scheme 71: Mitomycins rearrangement.
Scheme 72: Fukuyama’s retrosynthesis.
Scheme 73: [2+3] Cycloaddition en route to isomitomycin A. aToluene, 110 °C; bDIBAL, THF, −78 °C; cAc2O, Py.; d...
Scheme 74: Final steps of Fukuyama’s synthesis.
Scheme 75: “Crisscross annulation”.
Scheme 76: Synthesis of 274; the 8-membered ring 274 was made using a crisscross annulation. a20% Pd(OH)2/C, H2...
Scheme 77: Conformational analysis of compound 273 and 275.
Scheme 78: Synthesis of a mitomycin analog. aNa2S2O4, H2O, DCM; bBnBr (10 equiv), K2CO3, 18-crown-6 (cat.), TH...
Scheme 79: Vedejs retrosynthesis.
Scheme 80: Formation of the azomethine ylide.
Scheme 81: Vedejs second synthesis of an aziridinomitosene. aDIBAL; bTPAP, NMO; c287; dTBSCl, imidazole.
Scheme 82: Trityl deprotection and new aziridine protecting group 300.
Scheme 83: Ene reaction towards benzazocinones.
Scheme 84: Benzazocenols via homo-Brook rearrangement.
Scheme 85: Pt-catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition.
Scheme 86: Carbonylative lactamization entry to benzazocenols. aZn(OTf)2, (+)-N-methylephedrine, Et3N, TMS-ace...
Scheme 87: 8 membered ring formation by RCM. aBOC2O, NaHCO3; bTBSCl, Imidazole, DMF; callyl bromide, NaH, DMF; ...
Scheme 88: Aziridinomitosene synthesis. aTMSN3; bTFA; cPOCl3, DMF; dNaClO2, NaH2PO4, 2-methyl-2-butene; eMeI, ...
Scheme 89: Metathesis from an indole.
Scheme 90: Synthesis of early biosynthetic intermediates of mitomycins.
Analogues of amphibian alkaloids: total synthesis of (5R,8S,8aS)-(−)-8-methyl- 5-pentyloctahydroindolizine (8-epi-indolizidine 209B) and [(1S,4R,9aS)-(−)-4-pentyloctahydro- 2H-quinolizin- 1-yl]methanol
- Joseph P. Michael,
- Claudia Accone,
- Charles B. de Koning and
- Christiaan W. van der Westhuyzen
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2008, 4, No. 5, doi:10.1186/1860-5397-4-5
- Raney nickel [25] in boiling ethanol to give (−)-(5R,8S,8aS)-8-methyl-5-pentyloctahydroindolizine (8-epi-indolizidine 209B) 9 in 74% yield. The spectroscopic data for this product agreed with those reported for the racemate. Support for the cis-relationship of the hydrogen atoms at C-5 and C-8a in all
- cis-hydrogenation of 39. While it would have been desirable to conclude this investigation by preparing (1S,4R,9aS)-4-pentyloctahydro-2H-quinolizine 42, the ring homologue of 8-epi-indolizidine 209B, this target eluded us. Attempts to reduce the corresponding methanesulfonate of 41 with Raney nickel
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Representative quinolizidine alkaloids from amphibians.
Figure 2: Indolizidines and quinolizidines prepared from enaminone precursors 5 and 6. The conventional numbe...
Scheme 1: Reagents: (i) H2 (7 atm), 10% Pd/C, AcOH, rt; (ii) Cl(CH2)3COCl, NaHCO3, CHCl3, reflux; (iii) KOBut...
Scheme 2: Reagents: (i) LiAlH4, THF, 0 °C to rt; (ii) MeSO2Cl, NEt3, CH2Cl2, 0 °C to rt; (iii) Raney Ni, EtOH...
Scheme 3: Reagents: (i) Br(CH2)4COCl, NaHCO3, ClCH2CH2Cl, rt; (ii) NaH, Bu4NI, DMF, rt; (iii) Lawesson's reag...
Scheme 4: Reagents: (i) LiAlH4, Et2O, 0 °C, then add (+)-2 in Et2O, rt; (ii) TBDMSCl, imidazole, DMF, rt; (ii...
Scheme 5: Reagents: (i) aq. HF (40%), MeOH, rt; (ii) Ac2O, pyridine, 0 °C to rt; (iii) Lawesson's reagent, Ph...
A convenient allylsilane- N-acyliminium route toward indolizidine and quinolizidine alkaloids
- Roland Remuson
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2007, 3, No. 32, doi:10.1186/1860-5397-3-32
- were the conversion of 7b into its dithiolane and subsequent desulfurisation using Raney nickel. The synthesis of (-)-indolizidine 167B 1 has been achieved in 7 steps with a 17% overall yield from ethyl (3R)-3-aminohexanoate 2 with an enantiomeric excess of 93%. [19] I 1.2 Intermolecular cyclisation
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Allylsilane-N-acyliminium cyclisation.
Scheme 2: Enantioselective synthesis of (-)-indolizidine 167B by intramolecular allylsilane-N-acyliminium cyc...
Scheme 3: Synthesis of (±)-indolizidine 167B by intermolecular cyclisation of allylsilane-N-acyliminium cycli...
Scheme 4: Synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted indolizidines from L-pyroglutamic acid.
Scheme 5: Access to indolizidine precursors of dendroprimine starting from chiral 2-aminopropanoate.
Scheme 6: Access to (-)-dendroprimine by reduction with LiAlH4 of indolizidinones 26.
Scheme 7: Access to (-)-dendroprimine by catalytic hydrogenation of indolizidinones 26.
Scheme 8: Synthesis of (±)-myrtine and (±)-epimyrtine.
Scheme 9: Enantioselective synthesis of (+)-myrtine and (-)-epimyrtine.
Scheme 10: Synthesis of (±)-lasubines I and II and (±)-2-epilasubine II.
Scheme 11: Synthesis of (±)-lasubine I and II.
Scheme 12: Enantioselective synthesis of (-)-lasubines I and II and (+)-subcosine.
