Structural conditions required for the bridge lithiation and substitution of a basic calix[4]arene

• Conrad Fischer,
• Wilhelm Seichter and
• Edwin Weber

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1602–1608, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.188

• the lower-rim site as well as tert-butylated or non-tert-butylated upper-rim positions. Whereas this reaction fails for symmetric calix[4]arene ethers with alkoxy residues greater than methoxy, the carboxylation of mixed methoxy-propoxy calixarene ethers is possible. In connection with this, several

• undergo lithiation and subsequent carboxylation to yield the carboxylic acid 6 [4], we became interested in the question of whether the upper-rim unsubstituted calix[4]arene 1, as well as higher ether homologues, such as 3 and 4, can also be used for this reaction (Scheme 1). While the upper-rim site

Recent advances in direct C–H arylation: Methodology, selectivity and mechanism in oxazole series

• Cécile Verrier,
• Pierrik Lassalas,
• Laure Théveau,
• Guy Quéguiner,
• François Trécourt,
• Francis Marsais and
• Christophe Hoarau

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1584–1601, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.187

• regioselective functionalization. Ortho-lithiation by means of alkyllithium and lithium amides bases has been extensively developed as lithiated species display a high reactivity towards many electrophiles, leading to various substitutions (e.g., halogenation, carboxylation, acylation, hydroxymethylation

Directed aromatic functionalization in natural-product synthesis: Fredericamycin A, nothapodytine B, and topopyrones B and D

• Charles Dylan Turner and
• Marco A. Ciufolini

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1475–1485, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.171

• methodology. Thus, ortho-deprotonation of diethylamide 16 (Scheme 3) and carboxylation afforded anhydride 17 directly after workup with 12 N aqueous HCl. Fischer esterification and condensation of the resultant 18 with diethyl succinate, according to Kelly [6][7], afforded 19, which was then elaborated to a 1

Scalable synthesis of (1-cyclopropyl)cyclopropylamine hydrochloride

• Sergei I. Kozhushkov,
• Alexander F. Khlebnikov,
• Rafael R. Kostikov,
• Dmitrii S. Yufit and
• Armin de Meijere

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1003–1006, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.113

• degradation [19][20]. Results and Discussion Preparation of the acid 2 from the known 1-bromo-1-cyclopropylcyclopropane (1) [21][22] according to the published procedure [17] was accomplished on a 100 g scale (Scheme 1). However, the yield of the carboxylation on a scale of 12.4 mmol, 900 mmol and 1400 mmol

The role of silver additives in gold-mediated C–H functionalisation

• Scott R. Patrick,
• Ine I. F. Boogaerts,
• Sylvain Gaillard,
• Alexandra M. Z. Slawin and
• Steven P. Nolan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 892–896, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.102

• a carboxylation reaction [12] with substrate 2 using catalyst 1 under optimised carboxylation conditions (Scheme 3). The general procedure employed 2, 1 (3 mol %), Ag2O (3 mol %) and three equivalents of potassium hydroxide. Gratifyingly, whereas a reaction in the absence of silver leads to no

• carboxylation product, the addition of silver leads to formation of 2,4,6-trifluorobenzoic acid (5). The use of a stoichiometric amount of Ag2O results in aggregation of the reagents that seemingly affects mass transport of CO2 and halts the reaction. However, the catalytic use of Ag2O gave a 22% isolated yield

• of 5. This observation clearly shows that silver can have a positive role in the carboxylation of C–H bonds. Conclusion The C–H functionalisation of arenes using (NHC)gold(I) complexes has been shown to be significantly affected by the leaving group on the gold. The gold(I) chloride may only react by

Trifluoromethyl ethers – synthesis and properties of an unusual substituent

• Frédéric R. Leroux,
• Baptiste Manteau,
• Jean-Pierre Vors and
• Sergiy Pazenok

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2008, 4, No. 13, doi:10.3762/bjoc.4.13

• lithiation next to the OCF3 substituent is favoured, probably due to steric reasons. In fact, 1-trifluoromethoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (Scheme 15) affords 2-trifluoromethoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid after lithiation and carboxylation [75]. When the OCF3 substituent is in competition with fluorine

• metalation with tert-butyllithium, followed by carboxylation (Scheme 20) [71]. When the amino function is protected instead of a BOC group by a silyl group, 3-trifluoromethoxy-N-(trimethylsilyl)aniline is metalated in position 2. However, 3- and 4-trifluoromethoxy-N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)aniline are metalated