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Search for "electron acceptor" in Full Text gives 116 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry.

Bioinspired cobalt cubanes with tunable redox potentials for photocatalytic water oxidation and CO2 reduction

  • Zhishan Luo,
  • Yidong Hou,
  • Jinshui Zhang,
  • Sibo Wang and
  • Xinchen Wang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2331–2339, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.208

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  • glass closed gas circulation system. For each reaction, PCN powder (50 mg) was well dispersed in an aqueous solution (100 mL) containing AgNO3 (0.17 g) as an electron acceptor, La2O3 (0.2 g) as a pH buffer agent and 1-R (0.25 μmol) or Co(NO3)2·6H2O (1.0 μmol). The reaction solution was evacuated several
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Published 05 Sep 2018

The enzymes of microbial nicotine metabolism

  • Paul F. Fitzpatrick

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2295–2307, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.204

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  • two electrons produced are transferred through the iron–sulfur subunit to the FAD and thence to the final electron acceptor. L-6-Hydroxynicotine oxidase (LHNO) catalyzes the subsequent oxidation of L-6-hydroxynicotine to 6-hydroxy-N-methylmysomine [12]. Purified LHNO contains non-covalently bound FAD
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Published 31 Aug 2018

Coordination-driven self-assembly of discrete Ru6–Pt6 prismatic cages

  • Aderonke Ajibola Adeyemo and
  • Partha Sarathi Mukherjee

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2242–2249, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.199

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  • structural rigidity while the second metal is the electron-acceptor building block. The facile self-assembly of 2D-heterobimetallic supramolecular architectures are well reported in the literature [24][93][94], however, 3D-heterobimetallic systems are still less explored [95][96][97]. Dinuclear arene
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Published 27 Aug 2018

Synthesis of 9-arylalkynyl- and 9-aryl-substituted benzo[b]quinolizinium derivatives by Palladium-mediated cross-coupling reactions

  • Siva Sankar Murthy Bandaru,
  • Darinka Dzubiel,
  • Heiko Ihmels,
  • Mohebodin Karbasiyoun,
  • Mohamed M. A. Mahmoud and
  • Carola Schulzke

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1871–1884, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.161

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  • ][46][55][56]. In the case of alkaline compound 2c, the protonation of the amino group changes the ammonium-substituted aryl substituent to an electron acceptor which leads to a blue shift of the absorption maxima (Figure 3C). The emission properties of the phenyl-substituted derivative 2a do not
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Published 23 Jul 2018

Recent advances in phosphorescent platinum complexes for organic light-emitting diodes

  • Cristina Cebrián and
  • Matteo Mauro

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1459–1481, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.124

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  • same group reported very recently another family of platinum(II) complexes containing both electron-donor and electron-acceptor moieties embedded within the dopant structure (Figure 13) [63]. This bipolar character was intended to reduce the TTA phenomena commonly experienced at high current density
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Published 18 Jun 2018

Biocatalytic synthesis of the Green Note trans-2-hexenal in a continuous-flow microreactor

  • Morten M. C. H. van Schie,
  • Tiago Pedroso de Almeida,
  • Gabriele Laudadio,
  • Florian Tieves,
  • Elena Fernández-Fueyo,
  • Timothy Noël,
  • Isabel W. C. E. Arends and
  • Frank Hollmann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 697–703, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.58

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  • catalytic amounts only) causes additional costs. Therefore, we concentrated on alcohol oxidase-catalysed reaction schemes (Scheme 1B. Oxidases utilise O2 as terminal electron acceptor for the oxidation reaction yielding H2O2 as sole byproduct. The latter can be disproportionated easily by using catalase
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Published 26 Mar 2018

D–A–D-type orange-light emitting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials based on a fluorenone unit: simulation, photoluminescence and electroluminescence studies

  • Lin Gan,
  • Xianglong Li,
  • Xinyi Cai,
  • Kunkun Liu,
  • Wei Li and
  • Shi-Jian Su

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 672–681, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.55

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  • -dimethylacridin-10(9H)-yl)-9H-fluoren-9-one (36DACRFT, 2, Scheme 1). The compounds are isomers with different donor–accepter bonding positions, where the fluorenone unit is a strong electron acceptor, which has not been reported in the field of TADF materials before, while acridine, one of the most commonly used
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Published 22 Mar 2018

Latest development in the synthesis of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA): a critical review

  • Fabio Tonin and
  • Isabel W. C. E. Arends

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 470–483, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.33

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  • enzymes belong to the family of oxidoreductases with NAD+ or NADP+ as electron acceptor. This oxidation is a mandatory step for removing the OH functionality at C12. In all the chemoenzymatic routes reported by Eggert et al. [20], the carbonyl group resulting from the oxidation of the 12-OH group was
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Published 20 Feb 2018

Recent advances on organic blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs)

  • Thanh-Tuân Bui,
  • Fabrice Goubard,
  • Malika Ibrahim-Ouali,
  • Didier Gigmes and
  • Frédéric Dumur

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 282–308, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.18

Graphical Abstract
  • -TADF white OLEDs with 16% EQE could be fabricated [30]. 4. Triazine–pyrimidine based emitters Among possible electron acceptors, another structure has been extensively regarded as an adequate electron acceptor for the design of blue TADF emitters and this structure is the triazine unit. When combined
  • in donor-acceptor-based TADF emitters [57]. Considering that the electron acceptor is not symmetrical anymore, positions of the nitrogen atoms will significantly influence the distribution of the electronic cloud and potentially the overlap with the HOMO level. Examination of the electronic
  • -based devices is among the best so far reported for blue OLEDs. Attesting the interest of the community for this new acceptor, other authors developed quasi-simultaneously a structure–performance relationship with T24, T25 and T27–T28 (see Figure 8) [58]. The choice of pyrimidine as the electron
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Published 30 Jan 2018

Synthesis and application of trifluoroethoxy-substituted phthalocyanines and subphthalocyanines

  • Satoru Mori and
  • Norio Shibata

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2273–2296, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.224

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  • phthalocyanine, which originally acts as an electron donor, will exhibit an electron acceptor property. Thus, it is expected that TFEO-Pcs can be developed as unique functional molecules [41]. This review summarizes the synthesis of various TFEO-Pc derivatives and the effect of fluorine on their properties
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Published 27 Oct 2017

Complexation of molecular clips containing fragments of diphenylglycoluril and benzocrown ethers with paraquat and its derivatives

  • Leonid S. Kikot',
  • Catherine Yu. Kulygina,
  • Alexander Yu. Lyapunov,
  • Svetlana V. Shishkina,
  • Roman I. Zubatyuk,
  • Tatiana Yu. Bogaschenko and
  • Tatiana I. Kirichenko

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2056–2067, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.203

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  • its analogues 8–10 (Figure 1). Results and Discussion Complexation studies Paraquat (7) and its derivatives are among the most studied electron-acceptor guests that can form stable inclusion complexes with electron-donating molecules. Stabilization of such inclusion complexes is mainly realized due to
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Published 04 Oct 2017

Conformational impact of structural modifications in 2-fluorocyclohexanone

  • Francisco A. Martins,
  • Josué M. Silla and
  • Matheus P. Freitas

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1781–1787, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.172

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  • interaction with the carbonyl oxygen or by electron delocalization (hyperconjugation) involving the good electron acceptor π*C=O orbital. For example, 2-fluorocyclohexanone in the gas phase exists predominantly in the axial conformation, but the equatorial form is more stable in solution [18]. In a previous
  • population increases according to Y = CH2 < O < S, since the π*C=C is a bad electron-acceptor orbital in σC–H2ax → π*C=Y electron delocalizations and the classical steric/electrostatic repulsion of O and S with the equatorial fluorine is remarkable. This is corroborated by the Lewis and non-Lewis energies
  • < S, since the repulsion with the Feq substituent increases in this order. The hypothesis based on steric and electrostatic interactions is supported by the increase of the axial population from Y = CH2 to S, despite the better electron-acceptor ability of the π*C=S in comparison to π*C=O and π*C=C
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Published 24 Aug 2017

New electroactive asymmetrical chalcones and therefrom derived 2-amino- / 2-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)pyrimidines, containing an N-[ω-(4-methoxyphenoxy)alkyl]carbazole fragment: synthesis, optical and electrochemical properties

  • Daria G. Selivanova,
  • Alexei A. Gorbunov,
  • Olga A. Mayorova,
  • Alexander N. Vasyanin,
  • Igor V. Lunegov,
  • Elena V. Shklyaeva and
  • Georgii G. Abashev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1583–1595, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.158

Graphical Abstract
  • structure of side chains [10]. In this paper we describe a synthetic approach to some new D–π–A–D conjugated systems which include 9-[ω-(4-methoxyphenoxy)alkyl]carbazole as a donor fragment (D) and prop-2-enone and pyrimidine units as electron acceptor moieties (A). The optical and electrochemical
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Published 10 Aug 2017

Strategies toward protecting group-free glycosylation through selective activation of the anomeric center

  • A. Michael Downey and
  • Michal Hocek

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1239–1279, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.123

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Published 27 Jun 2017

Unpredictable cycloisomerization of 1,11-dien-6-ynes by a common cobalt catalyst

  • Abdusalom A. Suleymanov,
  • Dmitry V. Vasilyev,
  • Valentin V. Novikov,
  • Yulia V. Nelyubina and
  • Dmitry S. Perekalin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 639–643, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.62

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  • evident from the 3D structure of the proposed intermediate 6 (see Supporting Information File 1). In the case of 1i–k the electron acceptor effects or the restricted rotation of conjugated enones could be the problem. The case of dienyne 1l was particularly surprising as it seemed to have a very similar
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Published 31 Mar 2017

Synthesis of 1-indanones with a broad range of biological activity

  • Marika Turek,
  • Dorota Szczęsna,
  • Marek Koprowski and
  • Piotr Bałczewski

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 451–494, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.48

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  • )propanenitriles 193 has been described by Pletnev and Larock [84]. This reaction was compatible with a wide variety of electron-donor and electron-acceptor functional groups. The authors have also found that the formation of 1-indanones 194 is accompanied by the reduction of the carbon–iodine bond in 3-(2
  • yields (up to 84%) were achieved by using substrates 226 with electron-acceptor substituents at the para position of the aryl group. A new method for the synthesis of optically active α-hydroxy ketones by asymmetric oxidation of the enol phosphates catalyzed by Sharpless reagents or chiral dioxirane has
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Published 09 Mar 2017

A versatile route to polythiophenes with functional pendant groups using alkyne chemistry

  • Xiao Huang,
  • Li Yang,
  • Rikard Emanuelsson,
  • Jonas Bergquist,
  • Maria Strømme,
  • Martin Sjödin and
  • Adolf Gogoll

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2682–2688, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.265

Graphical Abstract
  • . The synthetic utility of pyEDOT is demonstrated by the following examples involving a range of pendant groups. The electron acceptor units diethyl terephthalate (DET) and 9,10-anthraquinone (AQ) are of particular interest for their redox chemistry in energy storage applications [34]. Their ester and
  • the nitrogen atom. As shown by our synthesis, all of these electron acceptor units were tolerant to Sonogashira coupling conditions, which produced new EDOT derivatives 9, 10, 11 and 12 (Scheme 4). The Sonogashira couplings were performed between the alkyne terminal of pyEDOT and a brominated ring
  • -bromoterephthalate and 2-bromo-4,4’-bipyridine were prepared according to reported procedures [38][39]. The electron acceptor phthalimide (PT) was attached to EDOT via cycloaddition between the alkyne and an alkylazide to produce derivative 13 (Scheme 4). Regioselective formation of 13 involved the Cu(I)-catalyzed
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Published 09 Dec 2016

Effects of solvent additive on “s-shaped” curves in solution-processed small molecule solar cells

  • John A. Love,
  • Shu-Hua Chou,
  • Ye Huang,
  • Guilllermo C. Bazan and
  • Thuc-Quyen Nguyen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2543–2555, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.249

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  • properties, which unfortunately results in s-shaped J–V curves and poor performance. We show that this is due to non-ideal phase separation, specifically a preferential migration of the electron acceptor to the bottom anode interface. This can, however, be mitigated through appropriate processing, using a
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Published 28 Nov 2016

Synthesis and characterization of fluorinated azadipyrromethene complexes as acceptors for organic photovoltaics

  • Forrest S. Etheridge,
  • Roshan J. Fernando,
  • Sandra Pejić,
  • Matthias Zeller and
  • Geneviève Sauvé

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1925–1938, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.182

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  • and non-planar molecule with low electron transfer reorganization energy, further supporting its potential to replace fullerenes in OPVs [12]. However, the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of Zn(WS3)2 in solution are higher than that of the most popular electron acceptor phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl
  • the reader to observe the intermolecular packing on their own using the cif file provided as Supporting Information File 2. Preliminary results in OPVs To test the potential of the new fluorinated zinc(II) complexes as electron acceptor, we fabricated bulk heterojunction OPVs in the inverted
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Published 29 Aug 2016

Experimental and theoretical investigations on the high-electron donor character of pyrido-annelated N-heterocyclic carbenes

  • Michael Nonnenmacher,
  • Dominik M. Buck and
  • Doris Kunz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1884–1896, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.178

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  • as an overall π-electron acceptor (or π-donor), we analyzed the electron occupation of the respective pπ-orbital at the carbene performing a natural population analysis [78] (Table 3). As expected the stronger stabilization of the pπ orbital within the conjugated 14 πe− system results in a higher
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Published 23 Aug 2016

Practical synthetic strategies towards lipophilic 6-iodotetrahydroquinolines and -dihydroquinolines

  • David R. Chisholm,
  • Garr-Layy Zhou,
  • Ehmke Pohl,
  • Roy Valentine and
  • Andrew Whiting

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1851–1862, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.174

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  • (Figure 3), thus highlighting the chromophoric effect of attaching a conjugated electron acceptor to the strongly electron donating THQ moiety. To enable a wider range of cross-coupling reactions and to compare their 3-dimensional structures, the corresponding boronic esters 29 and 30 were prepared from
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Published 16 Aug 2016

Effect of the π-conjugation length on the properties and photovoltaic performance of A–π–D–π–A type oligothiophenes with a 4,8-bis(thienyl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene core

  • Ni Yin,
  • Lilei Wang,
  • Yi Lin,
  • Jinduo Yi,
  • Lingpeng Yan,
  • Junyan Dou,
  • Hai-Bo Yang,
  • Xin Zhao and
  • Chang-Qi Ma

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1788–1797, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.169

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  • levels increased (from −5.68 to −5.34 eV) with the increase of the length of the π-conjugated bridge. Organic solar cells using the synthesized compounds as the electron donor and PC61BM as the electron acceptor were fabricated and tested. Results showed that compounds with longer oligothiophene π
  • for constructing high-performance A–π–D–π–A-type organic semiconductors for organic solar cells, where A represents the terminal electron acceptor unit, D represents the core electron donor unit, and π represents the conjugated π-bridge [13][14], and a maximum PCE of 9.95% was reported for a
  • attach different electron acceptor units at the terminal of the molecules, including: dicyanovinyl [20][21], cyanoacetate [20][21][22][23], rhodanine [8][14][17][19][23], 1,3-indandione [16], and diketopyrolpyrol (DPP) moieties [24][25]. Changing the electron-withdrawing strength of the terminal electron
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Published 10 Aug 2016

Synthesis and characterization of benzodithiophene and benzotriazole-based polymers for photovoltaic applications

  • Desta Gedefaw,
  • Marta Tessarolo,
  • Margherita Bolognesi,
  • Mario Prosa,
  • Renee Kroon,
  • Wenliu Zhuang,
  • Patrik Henriksson,
  • Kim Bini,
  • Ergang Wang,
  • Michele Muccini,
  • Mirko Seri and
  • Mats R. Andersson

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1629–1637, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.160

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  • a blend of π-conjugated polymer (electron donor) and fullerene derivative (electron acceptor) sandwiched between two electrodes (anode and cathode) [1][2][3][4]. Noticeable achievements have been recorded in terms of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of lab-scale single junction BHJ PSCs
  • alkylthiophene side chains on the properties of the resulting pristine and blended films are collected and discussed. Solution-processed BHJ PSCs using PTzBDT-1 or PTzBDT-2 as electron-donor materials and PC61BM as electron-acceptor counterpart were fabricated, optimized, and fully characterized. PCEs of 3.3
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Published 01 Aug 2016

On the cause of low thermal stability of ethyl halodiazoacetates

  • Magnus Mortén,
  • Martin Hennum and
  • Tore Bonge-Hansen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1590–1597, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.155

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  • relative to their aliphatic counterparts is explained by the electron-acceptor character of the carbonyl group. The presence of one or two ester groups α to the diazo functionality leads to increased stability so that elevated temperatures are usually needed in order to induce thermal decomposition. Ethyl
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Published 26 Jul 2016

Star-shaped and linear π-conjugated oligomers consisting of a tetrathienoanthracene core and multiple diketopyrrolopyrrole arms for organic solar cells

  • Hideaki Komiyama,
  • Chihaya Adachi and
  • Takuma Yasuda

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1459–1466, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.142

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  • ester (PC71BM) as an acceptor materials, which has a LUMO level of –4.3 eV. Photovoltaic properties The photovoltaic properties of TTA-DPP4 and TTA-DPP2 were also evaluated. BHJ-OSCs were fabricated using TTA-DPP4 and TTA-DPP2 as electron-donor materials and PC71BM as an electron-acceptor material, with
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Published 14 Jul 2016
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