An improved synthesis of a fluorophosphonate–polyethylene glycol–biotin probe and its use against competitive substrates

• Hao Xu,
• Hairat Sabit,
• Gordon L. Amidon and
• H. D. Hollis Showalter

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 89–96, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.12

• ). In this study we have designed a novel synthetic route to a known FP probe linked by polyethylene glycol to a biotin tag (FP–PEG–biotin). Our route markedly increases the efficiency of the probe synthesis and overcomes several problems of a prior synthesis. As a proof of principle, FP–PEG–biotin was

Chemical modification allows phallotoxins and amatoxins to be used as tools in cell biology

• Jan Anderl,
• Hartmut Echner and
• Heinz Faulstich

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 2072–2084, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.233

• derivative (8 residues) are comparable, we argue that arginine residues are more effective in mediating internalization of phalloidin than are lysine residues. For phalloidin bound to methoxy-polyethylene-glycol we found that cytotoxicity strictly depended on the molecular weight of the polymer chain (Figure

Combined bead polymerization and Cinchona organocatalyst immobilization by thiol–ene addition

• Kim A. Fredriksen,
• Tor E. Kristensen and
• Tore Hansen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1126–1133, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.125

• dithiol 5 was easily obtained from esterification of 3-mercaptopropionic acid and propane-1,3-diol [14]. Trivinyl ether 6, polyethylene glycol (PEG) dimethacrylate 7, diacrylate 8 and diallyl ether 9 are all commercially available compounds. For thiol–ene additions via the radical pathway, the order of

Coupled chemo(enzymatic) reactions in continuous flow

• Ruslan Yuryev,
• Simon Strompen and
• Andreas Liese

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1449–1467, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.169

• (Scheme 1). Retention of the cofactor was achieved by its covalent binding to polyethylene glycol (PEG) with a molecular weight of 10 kDa. The reactor was operated continuously for 48 days under sterile conditions. A maximal conversion of 99.7% and a space-time yield (STY) of 42.5 g L−1 day−1 were reached

Miniemulsion polymerization as a versatile tool for the synthesis of functionalized polymers

• Daniel Crespy and
• Katharina Landfester

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 1132–1148, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.130

• surface active initiator. By contrast, the surface active polyethylene glycol azo-initiator yielded polymers almost free of homopolymers with a low blockiness when acrylamide and styrene were copolymerized. Wu et al. used the same principle but with monomers having the ability to copolymerize alternately

• require very high polymerization temperatures. Star copolymers of polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol were crosslinked in inverse miniemulsion via an esterification reaction with a dithiodicarboxylic acid to yield nanogels [124]. The disulfide bonds were subsequently cleaved by reduction to yield

Poly(glycolide) multi-arm star polymers: Improved solubility via limited arm length

• Florian K. Wolf,
• Anna M. Fischer and
• Holger Frey

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 67, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.67

• via calibration with polyethylene glycol (PEG) standards. The obvious underestimation of the molecular weight by SEC is attributed to the peculiar spherical geometry of the multi-arm star copolymer and has also been observed with other star polymers. The polydispersities of the materials are in the