An initiator- and catalyst-free hydrogel coating process for 3D printed medical-grade poly(ε-caprolactone)

• Jochen Löblein,
• Thomas Lorson,
• Miriam Komma,
• Tobias Kielholz,
• Maike Windbergs,
• Paul D. Dalton and
• Robert Luxenhofer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2095–2101, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.136

• exposed PCL fibers in the PHEMA-filled MEW scaffolds. Schematic representation of the self-initiated photografting and photopolymerization (SIPGP) of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) including intersystem crossing from singlet to triplet state which is mandatory for the formation of a biradical (left

Enantioenriched α-substituted glutamates/pyroglutamates via enantioselective cyclopropenimine-catalyzed Michael addition of amino ester imines

• Zara M. Seibel,
• Jeffrey S. Bandar and
• Tristan H. Lambert

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2077–2084, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.134

• organizational interactions. This complexity makes the detailed prediction of the transition state organization for the current process very challenging. However, we propose that the general structure 19 shown in Figure 3 is a reasonable representation of one of the likely pathways (the major ambiguities being

Progress and challenges in the synthesis of sequence controlled polysaccharides

• Giulio Fittolani,
• Theodore Tyrikos-Ergas,
• Denisa Vargová,
• Manishkumar A. Chaube and
• Martina Delbianco

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1981–2025, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.129

Cationic oligonucleotide derivatives and conjugates: A favorable approach for enhanced DNA and RNA targeting oligonucleotides

• Mathias B. Danielsen and
• Jesper Wengel

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1828–1848, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.125

• aminoethoxy moiety at the 2’-position (Figure 2B), thus creating a monomer that could further stabilize the triplex [128]. In theory, this strategy allows for fewer modifications to be used in designing ASOs with high RNA target affinities. A schematic representation of 16-mer ASOs in different designs. White

A comprehensive review of flow chemistry techniques tailored to the flavours and fragrances industries

• Guido Gambacorta,
• James S. Sharley and
• Ian R. Baxendale

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1181–1312, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.90

Synthetic accesses to biguanide compounds

• Oleksandr Grytsai,
• Cyril Ronco and
• Rachid Benhida

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1001–1040, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.82

• ]. However, the authors mentioned that all C–N bonds in the molecule are between 1.297–1.387 Å in length, which does not correspond either to a single C–N (1.42 Å) nor to a double C=N (1.28 Å) bond. According to these observations, the most realistic representation of biguanide would include a delocalization

• of the π-electron density along the molecule, together with an intramolecular hydrogen bond (Figure 1, 1c). Despite the plurality of evidence showing this representation as inappropriate [1], structure 1a remains commonly used in the scientific literature. In this review, biguanides will be

Enhanced target cell specificity and uptake of lipid nanoparticles using RNA aptamers and peptides

• Roslyn M. Ray,
• Anders Højgaard Hansen,
• Maria Taskova,
• Bernhard Jandl,
• Jonas Hansen,
• Citra Soemardy,
• Kevin V. Morris and
• Kira Astakhova

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 891–907, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.75

• . Importantly, the hCMEC/D3 model represents a simplified representation of the BBB, which does not account for the full complexities of the BBB in vivo [43][55]. One could perform more complex in vitro assays that include a multicellular reconstruction of the BBB to also include astrocytes and microglial cells

• (GraphPad Software, CA). Components of the LNPs. A) Lipid species and lipidated cell-penetrating peptides applied by postinsertion. B) Graphical representation of aptamer–probe hybrids. LNPs with T7 pass through the transwell cell barrier and are taken up by target cells. HeLa (CCR5-negative control cell

Valorisation of plastic waste via metal-catalysed depolymerisation

• Francesca Liguori,
• Carmen Moreno-Marrodán and
• Pierluigi Barbaro

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 589–621, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.53

Synthesis and physicochemical evaluation of fluorinated lipopeptide precursors of ligands for microbubble targeting

• Masayori Hagimori,
• Estefanía E. Mendoza-Ortega and
• Marie Pierre Krafft

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 511–518, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.45

• ). Optical micrographs and corresponding size distribution of the perfluorohexane-stabilized microbubbles with a shell of a) DPPC, b) DPPC/F-lipopeptide 3, and c) DPPC/hydrocarbon analog 4. Half-lives of microbubbles (25 °C) containing F-lipopeptides 1–3 and hydrocarbon analog 4. a) Schematic representation

Biochemistry of fluoroprolines: the prospect of making fluorine a bioelement

• Vladimir Kubyshkin,
• Rebecca Davis and
• Nediljko Budisa

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 439–460, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.40

¹⁹F NMR as a tool in chemical biology

• Diana Gimenez,
• Aoife Phelan,
• Cormac D. Murphy and
• Steven L. Cobb

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 293–318, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.28

Multiswitchable photoacid–hydroxyflavylium–polyelectrolyte nano-assemblies

• Alexander Zika and
• Franziska Gröhn

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 166–185, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.17

• cationic polyelectrolyte in neural to acidic solution. Overview of the different states of the multi-switchable system consisting of Flavy, 1N36S, and poly(allylamine) (simplified schematic representation displaying one molecule of each component per assembly only). A: The protonated photoacid and Flavy in

Tuning the solid-state emission of liquid crystalline nitro-cyanostilbene by halogen bonding

• Subrata Nath,
• Alexander Kappelt,
• Matthias Spengler,
• Bibhisan Roy,
• Jens Voskuhl and
• Michael Giese

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 124–131, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.13

• comprehensive study investigating the potential of halogen bonding in fluorescent liquid crystalline materials. Schematic representation of the modular approach towards halogen-bonded fluorescent liquid crystals. Representative POM images of NO2-C10 at 94 °C (a) and NO2-C10∙∙∙F4Az at 61.5 °C (b) upon cooling

• from the isotropic melt. Comparison of the mesomorphic properties of NO2-Cn, NO2-Cn∙∙∙F4St, and NO2-Cn∙∙∙F4Az (n = 8–11). The transition temperatures were obtained by DSC upon cooling from the isotropic state. Mesophase ranges are given in black numbers. Graphical representation of the calculated

Control over size, shape, and photonics of self-assembled organic nanocrystals

• Chen Shahar,
• Yaron Tidhar,
• Yunmin Jung,
• Haim Weissman,
• Sidney R. Cohen,
• Ronit Bitton,
• Iddo Pinkas,
• Gilad Haran and
• Boris Rybtchinski

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 42–51, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.5

• distance between the carboxylic groups of two PDIs. E) Schematic representation of the assembly structuring. Cryo-TEM images of 1 × 10−4 M compound 1 in THF/water solutions after one minute of aging. A) 5% THF: monomolecular 1D π-stack fibers and B) 10% THF: crystalline platelets. Transient kinetics at

Selected peptide-based fluorescent probes for biological applications

• Debabrata Maity

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2971–2982, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.247

• for Direct Fluorescence “Switch‐On” Detection of Nucleic Acid in Cells”, Chem. – Eur. J. © 2017 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. A) Molecular structure of 6; B) possible binding mode of pyrene termini of 6 to CB[8] according to molecular modeling; C) cartoon representation of ratiometric

Construction of pillar[4]arene[1]quinone–1,10-dibromodecane pseudorotaxanes in solution and in the solid state

• Xinru Sheng,
• Errui Li and
• Feihe Huang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2954–2959, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.245

• , chloroform-d, 298 K). Normalized UV–vis spectra: H (black); H upon adding 0.5 equiv of G (red); and H upon adding 1 equiv of G (blue). [H] = 3.00 mM. Chemical structures and schematic representation of (a) the pillar[4]arene[1]quinone H; (b) 1,10-dibromodecane (G); and (c) schematic representation of the

Controlled decomposition of SF₆ by electrochemical reduction

• Sébastien Bouvet,
• Bruce Pégot,
• Stéphane Sengmany,
• Erwan Le Gall,
• Eric Léonel,
• Anne-Marie Goncalves and
• Emmanuel Magnier

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2948–2953, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.244

• Parstat 2273 potentiostat was also used with its internal «Powersuite» software. For all cyclic voltammetries, the conventional representation of anodic currents is reported as positive values and cathodic currents as negative values. SF6 electrolysis was performed in acetonitrile with a constant

One-pot multicomponent green Hantzsch synthesis of 1,2-dihydropyridine derivatives with antiproliferative activity

• Giovanna Bosica,
• Kaylie Demanuele,
• José M. Padrón and
• Adrián Puerta

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2862–2869, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.235

• measured at 530 (primary) and 620 nm (secondary). The antiproliferative activity, expressed as GI50 values, was calculated according to the NCI formulas [30]. Optimization trials with the selected solid catalysts. Graphical representation of the results obtained in the reusability test. The classical

Using multiple self-sorting for switching functions in discrete multicomponent systems

• Amit Ghosh and
• Michael Schmittel

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2831–2853, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.233

• hydrogen-bonded octameric and tetrameric tubes. (c) A representation of the complex mixture after combining the monomers 5 and 6 in CDCl3. (d) The partial separation of the mixture upon the selective C60 complexation by monomer 5. The guest-induced rearrangement results in an incomplete self-sorted mixture

Dirhamnolipid ester – formation of reverse wormlike micelles in a binary (primerless) system

• David Liese,
• Hans Henning Wenk,
• Xin Lu,
• Jochen Kleinen and
• Gebhard Haberhauer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2820–2830, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.232

• Information File 1) shows the thermal reversibility of the gel formation process. The phase transition temperature can be obtained from the temperature sweeps and is defined as the temperature where the dynamic moduli intercept. In an alternative representation, the phase transition temperature can also be

• viscoelastic solid. Both moduli intercept at γ = 35%, which marks the point where the sample turns from a viscoelastic solid to a viscous fluid. In a representation where the phase angle is plotted against the amplitude (Figure 4, right), it becomes apparent that the deformation processes are similar for the

• motion for cylindrical micelles [33][34]. Another representation is the so-called Cole–Cole plot [35], where the normalized value for the loss modulus (G''/G''max) is plotted against the storage modulus (G'/G''max), is depicted in Figure 5. The semicircular arrangement centered at G'/G''max is the result

Selective recognition of ATP by multivalent nano-assemblies of bisimidazolium amphiphiles through “turn-on” fluorescence response

• Rakesh Biswas,
• Surya Ghosh,
• Shubhra Kanti Bhaumik and
• Supratim Banerjee

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2728–2738, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.223

• of ATP, ADP, AMP, PPi and Pi in a buffer (each at 50 µM) and c) with only ATP (50 µM) (A) and a mixture of ATP, ADP, AMP, PPi and Pi (50 µM of each) (B) in buffer. d) Emission spectra of PBIm12 (100 μM) upon the addition of ATP in a buffer containing 150 mM NaCl. Schematic representation of ATP

A heterobimetallic tetrahedron from a linear platinum(II)-bis(acetylide) metalloligand

• Matthias Hardy,
• Marianne Engeser and
• Arne Lützen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2701–2708, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.220

• ). Schematic representation of symmetry-considerations concerning possible diastereomeric tetrahedra. The figure summarizes the cage symmetries and the expected observations in the 1H and 31P NMR spectra, looking at one chemically equivalent position. The colored dots represent chemically and magnetically

A consensus-based and readable extension of Linear Code for Reaction Rules (LiCoRR)

• Benjamin P. Kellman,
• Yujie Zhang,
• Emma Logomasini,
• Eric Meinhardt,
• Karla P. Godinez-Macias,
• Austin W. T. Chiang,
• James T. Sorrentino,
• Chenguang Liang,
• Bokan Bao,
• Yusen Zhou,
• Sachiko Akase,
• Isami Sogabe,
• Thukaa Kouka,
• Elizabeth A. Winzeler,
• Iain B. H. Wilson,
• Matthew P. Campbell,
• Sriram Neelamegham,
• Frederick J. Krambeck,
• Kiyoko F. Aoki-Kinoshita and
• Nathan E. Lewis

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2645–2662, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.215

• clear glycan representation accessible to both computers and humans. Linear Code, a linearized and readily parsable glycan structure representation, is such a language. For this reason, Linear Code was adapted to represent reaction rules, but the syntax has drifted from its original description to

• compliance with FAIR standards. Here, we present Linear Code for Reaction Rules (LiCoRR), version 1.0, an unambiguous representation for describing glycosylation reactions in both literature and code. Keywords: glycoinformatics; linear code; systems glycobiology; Introduction Glycans are predominantly

• that benefit from an unambiguous representation with human readability. For example, graphical denotation is one of the most human-understandable representations to describe reaction rules [18][19][20]. While graphical representations are intuitive and extremely accessible to a human reader, they are

Anion exchange resins in phosphate form as versatile carriers for the reactions catalyzed by nucleoside phosphorylases

• Julia N. Artsemyeva,
• Ekaterina A. Remeeva,
• Tatiana N. Buravskaya,
• Irina D. Konstantinova,
• Roman S. Esipov,
• Anatoly I. Miroshnikov,
• Natalia M. Litvinko and
• Igor A. Mikhailopulo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2607–2622, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.212

• ). The conversion of the obtained resins to the phosphate form was carried out in the usual manner. A graphical representation and fitting of the data were performed in the online editor Plotly Chart Studio https://plotly.com/chart-studio/ The recombinant E. coli thymidine phosphorylase (TP, specific

Thermodynamic and electrochemical study of tailor-made crown ethers for redox-switchable (pseudo)rotaxanes

• Henrik Hupatz,
• Marius Gaedke,
• Hendrik V. Schröder,
• Julia Beerhues,
• Arto Valkonen,
• Fabian Klautzsch,
• Sebastian Müller,
• Felix Witte,
• Kari Rissanen,
• Biprajit Sarkar and
• Christoph A. Schalley

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2576–2588, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.209

• spectroelectrochemical measurements (0.1 M n-Bu4PF6, CH2Cl2/CH3CN 1:1, 298 K) of a) NDIC7 (0.5 mM), b) NDIC8 (0.5 mM), and c) NDIRot (1 mM). Potentials are referenced against a silver wire pseudo-reference electrode. Schematic representation of synthetic routes towards TTFC7, exTTFC7, NDIC7, and NDIC8. Thermodynamic