Synthesis of imidazol- 1-yl-acetic acid hydrochloride: A key intermediate for zoledronic acid

• Santosh Kumar Singh,
• Narendra Manne,
• Purna Chandra Ray and
• Manojit Pal

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2008, 4, No. 42, doi:10.3762/bjoc.4.42

• -acetic acid hydrochloride was achieved via N-alkylation of imidazole using tert-butyl chloroacetate followed by a non-aqueous ester cleavage of the resulting imidazol-1-yl-acetic acid tert-butyl ester in the presence of titanium tetrachloride. The synthesized imidazol-1-yl-acetic acid hydrochloride was

• then utilized to prepare zoledronic acid. Keywords: ester; N-alkylation; imidazol-1-yl-acetic acid hydrochloride; zoledronic acid; Introduction Zoledronic acid (Z, Figure 1) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] is a third-generation bisphosphonate (or diphosphonate) derivative characterized by a side chain that

N-1 regioselective Michael- type addition of 5-substituted uracils to (2-hydroxyethyl) acrylate

• Sławomir Boncel,
• Dominika Osyda and
• Krzysztof Z. Walczak

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2007, 3, No. 40, doi:10.1186/1860-5397-3-40

• against numerous DNA-viruses.[5] One of the most convenient methods of uracil ring N-alkylation is the Michael-type addition. Other general ways of alkylation are: nucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkyl substrates by activated uracil rings (in the N-anionic or O-persililated derivatives);[6][7

Reactions of glycidyl derivatives with ambident nucleophiles; part 2: amino acid derivatives

• Gerald Dyker,
• Andreas Thöne and
• Gerald Henkel

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2007, 3, No. 28, doi:10.1186/1860-5397-3-28

• model compound (Scheme 2, see Supporting Information File 1 for full experimental data), readily accessible as a mixture of diastereoisomers by N-alkylation of racemic 4 [8] with epibromohydrin (2a) in DMSO. Again, under basic as well as acidic conditions (for instance heating in trifluoroacetic acid