The stereochemical course of 2-methylisoborneol biosynthesis

• Binbin Gu,
• Anwei Hou and
• Jeroen S. Dickschat

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 818–824, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.82

• enriched 2-Me-LPP with 2-MIBS The enantiomerically enriched substrates (R)- and (S)-2-Me-LPP were incubated with purified 2MIBS (Figure S2 in Supporting Information File 1), followed by extraction of the enzyme reactions with hexane and GC/MS analysis of the obtained products (Figure S3, Table S1 in

Continuous flow synthesis of azobenzenes via Baeyer–Mills reaction

• Jan H. Griwatz,
• Anne Kunz and
• Hermann A. Wegner

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 781–787, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.78

• product of the Bayer–Mills reaction [25]. Hence, these parameters (70 °C, 50.0 min) were chosen to do the synthesis on a preparative scale. The setup was slightly modified to include an aqueous workup and extraction of the organic phase. For this purpose, a third pump was implemented which adds

Terpenoids from Glechoma hederacea var. longituba and their biological activities

• Dong Hyun Kim,
• Song Lim Ham,
• Zahra Khan,
• Sun Yeou Kim,
• Sang Un Choi,
• Chung Sub Kim and
• Kang Ro Lee

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 555–566, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.58

• School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea. Extraction and isolation. The dried aerial parts of G. hederacea var. longituba (3.0 kg) were extracted with 80% MeOH (each 12.0 L × 1 day, 3 times) at room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo to yield an 80% MeOH

Sesquiterpenes from the soil-derived fungus Trichoderma citrinoviride PSU-SPSF346

• Wiriya Yaosanit,
• Vatcharin Rukachaisirikul,
• Souwalak Phongpaichit,
• Sita Preedanon and
• Jariya Sakayaroj

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 479–485, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.50

• accession number MH997897) ribosomal RNA gene revealed that the fungus PSU-SPSF346 had close relationships with several strains of Trichoderma citrinoviride with 99% nucleotide identity for both DNA regions. Therefore, this fungus can be identified as Trichoderma citrinoviride. Fermentation, extraction, and

Cs₂CO₃-Promoted reaction of tertiary bromopropargylic alcohols and phenols in DMF: a novel approach to α-phenoxyketones

• Ol'ga G. Volostnykh,
• Olesya A. Shemyakina,
• Anton V. Stepanov and
• Igor' A. Ushakov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 420–428, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.44

• losses during extraction. No reaction was observed in CHCl3 (Table 1, entry 14) or utilizing organic bases (Et3N, DBU) (Table 1, entries 16–18). The efforts to increase the yield of diphenoxyketone 5a using 2 equivalents of phenol (2a) in the reaction with bromopropargylic alcohol 1a (Table 1, entries 8

Four bioactive new steroids from the soft coral Lobophytum pauciflorum collected in South China Sea

• Di Zhang,
• Zhe Wang,
• Xiao Han,
• Xiao-Lei Li,
• Zhong-Yu Lu,
• Bei-Bei Dou,
• Wen-Ze Zhang,
• Xu-Li Tang,
• Ping-Lin Li and
• Guo-Qiang Li

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 374–380, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.42

• , National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium (NMMBA), Checheng, Pingtung 944, Taiwan, China. The voucher specimen (No. XS-2012-27), frozen at −20 °C, was deposited at the School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, P. R. China. Extraction and isolation The frozen bodies of Lobophytum

Amamistatins isolated from Nocardia altamirensis

• Till Steinmetz,
• Wolf Hiller and
• Markus Nett

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 360–367, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.40

• extraction of Nocardia altamirensis For siderophore production, the strain was grown in 5-L Erlenmeyer flasks containing 1 L of iron-free M9 medium: 7.52 g/L Na2HPO4×2H2O, 3.0 g/L KH2PO4, 0.5 g/L NaCl, 0.5 g/L NH4Cl, 4 g/L glucose, 0.247 g/L MgSO4×7H2O, 0.074 g CaCl2×2H2O, 1 mL biotin (1 mg/mL), 1 mL

Recent developments and trends in the iron- and cobalt-catalyzed Sonogashira reactions

• Surendran Amrutha,
• Sankaran Radhika and
• Gopinathan Anilkumar

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 262–285, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.31

• in the presence of this nanoparticle catalyst. The work-up procedure of the reaction proceeded by “in-flask” extraction and allowed for easy recycling of the catalyst. By thermal gravimetric analysis the shelf life and catalyst stability could be measured. The reductant plays an important role for

Flow synthesis of oxadiazoles coupled with sequential in-line extraction and chromatography

• Kian Donnelly and
• Marcus Baumann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 232–239, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.27

• an integrated quenching and extraction step. Lastly, the use of an automated in-line chromatography system was exploited to realise a powerful flow platform for the generation of the heterocyclic targets. Keywords: chromatography; flow synthesis; in-line purification; oxadiazole; reaction

• reaction is potentially explained by the reaction reaching steady state during this longer run, thus providing a more accurate indication of the yield. This productivity could potentially be further increased, simply by increasing the volume of the glass column reactor. With an in-line extraction system in

• product) on a 1 mmol scale. Conclusion In summary, we have developed a continuous flow platform for the synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles in high yields and short residence times of 10 minutes. The incorporation of an in-line extraction reduced the risk of contact with toxic and corrosive iodine in addition

Glycosylated coumarins, flavonoids, lignans and phenylpropanoids from Wikstroemia nutans and their biological activities

• Meifang Wu,
• Xiangdong Su,
• Yichuang Wu,
• Yuanjing Luo,
• Ying Guo and
• Yongbo Xue

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 200–207, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.23

• authenticated by Prof. Yongbo Xue of the Research Department of Pharmacognosy, Sun Yat-sen University. A voucher specimen (SYSUSZ-2019-X1) has been deposited in the Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University. Extraction and isolation The dried root of W. nutans (3.5 kg) was extracted

Tenacibactins K–M, cytotoxic siderophores from a coral-associated gliding bacterium of the genus Tenacibaculum

• Yasuhiro Igarashi,
• Yiwei Ge,
• Tao Zhou,
• Amit Raj Sharma,
• Enjuro Harunari,
• Naoya Oku and
• Agus Trianto

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 110–119, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.12

• uniquely, both of the olefinic proton resonances (H12 and H13) were broadened at 25 °C (Figure 3a). However, upon heating to 50 °C, H12 split into doublet-triplet, which allowed the extraction of 3JH12,H13 = 11.4 Hz to deduce a cis configuration. H13, in contrast, broadened more severely at the raised

• inoculated flasks were placed on a rotary shaker (200 rpm) at 30 °C for 7 days. Extraction and isolation At the end of the fermentation period, 100 mL of 1-butanol were added to each flask and the flasks were shaken for 1 h. The mixture was centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 10 min and the organic layer was

Chemical and chemoenzymatic routes to bridged homoarabinofuranosylpyrimidines: Bicyclic AZT analogues

• Sandeep Kumar,
• Jyotirmoy Maity,
• Banty Kumar,
• Sumit Kumar and
• Ashok K. Prasad

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 95–101, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.10

• its extraction in the organic phase during work up procedure. So, the classical chemical route to synthesize nucleosides 9a,b started with the conversion of diacetone ᴅ-glucofuranose 10 to 3′-azido-3′-deoxy-β-ᴅ-allofuranoside 11, which on acidification with 80% acetic acid gave furanoside diol 17. The

Unsaturated fatty acids and a prenylated tryptophan derivative from a rare actinomycete of the genus Couchioplanes

• Shun Saito,
• Kanji Indo,
• Naoya Oku,
• Hisayuki Komaki,
• Masashi Kawasaki and
• Yasuhiro Igarashi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2939–2949, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.203

• silica gel thin-layer plate (Kieselgel 60F254; Merck Co.) developed by a mixture of CHCl3/MeOH (5:1). Extraction of the collected silica gel powder with MeOH gave (R)-PGME amide 6a (0.5 mg). (R)-PGME amide 6a: 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.61 (s, 1H, NH-1), 7.01 (s, 1H, H-2), 7.46 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H, H

Synthetic strategies toward 1,3-oxathiolane nucleoside analogues

• Umesh P. Aher,
• Dhananjai Srivastava,
• Girij P. Singh and
• Jayashree B. S

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2680–2715, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.182

Synthesis of new substituted 7,12-dihydro-6,12-methanodibenzo[c,f]azocine-5-carboxylic acids containing a tetracyclic tetrahydroisoquinoline core structure

• Agnieszka Grajewska,
• Maria Chrzanowska and
• Wiktoria Adamska

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2511–2519, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.168

• cyclization reaction was easily performed by treatment of 6a with 20% HCl for 24 h to give dihydromethanodibenzoazocine-5-carboxylic acid (7a, Scheme 5) in 72% yield by extraction of the neutralized reaction mixture. Compound 7a was obtained in two simple steps from 3a with an overall yield of 67%. Then the

Recent advances in the tandem annulation of 1,3-enynes to functionalized pyridine and pyrrole derivatives

• Yi Liu,
• Puying Luo,
• Yang Fu,
• Tianxin Hao,
• Xuan Liu,
• Qiuping Ding and
• Yiyuan Peng

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2462–2476, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.163

• or ligand in organic chemistry [6][7][8][9][10]. Therefore, the development of efficient methods for the synthesis of pyridine derivatives has attracted considerable attention [11][12][13][14]. The industrial synthetic methods of pyridines mainly involve: i) extraction from coal tar; ii) condensation

• ][28][29]. In industry, pyrrole mainly comes from the extraction of coal tar, the condensation reaction of furan and ammonia under high temperature, or the cascade cyclization reaction of acetylene, formaldehyde, and ammonia. In the laboratory, there are many efficient methods for the synthesis of

Isolation and characterization of new phenolic siderophores with antimicrobial properties from Pseudomonas sp. UIAU-6B

• Emmanuel T. Oluwabusola,
• Olusoji O. Adebisi,
• Fernando Reyes,
• Kojo S. Acquah,
• Mercedes De La Cruz,
• Larry L. Mweetwa,
• Joy E. Rajakulendran,
• Digby F. Warner,
• Deng Hai,
• Rainer Ebel and
• Marcel Jaspars

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2390–2398, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.156

• by inoculating a 250 mL baffled Erlenmeyer flask containing a modified SGG medium with a stock culture of Pseudomonas UIAU-6B (2 mL) and growth for 3 days. The entire fermentation process employed similar conditions as the small-scale culture. Extraction and isolation After the incubation, 15 g of HP

Phenolic constituents from twigs of Aleurites fordii and their biological activities

• Kyoung Jin Park,
• Won Se Suh,
• Da Hye Yoon,
• Chung Sub Kim,
• Sun Yeou Kim and
• Kang Ro Lee

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2329–2339, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.151

• the School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea. Extraction and isolation. Twigs of A. fordii (7.0 kg) were extracted three times with 80% aqueous MeOH (each 10 L × 1 day) under reflux and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under vacuum to obtain a crude MeOH extract (325

Progress and challenges in the synthesis of sequence controlled polysaccharides

• Giulio Fittolani,
• Theodore Tyrikos-Ergas,
• Denisa Vargová,
• Manishkumar A. Chaube and
• Martina Delbianco

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1981–2025, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.129

• . Additionally, polysaccharides can be converted into useful chemicals upon biodegradation [2][3], contributing to the sustainable development of future materials. Despite polysaccharides’ utility, there are limitations associated with their exploitation. Extraction from natural sources is laborious, low

• polysaccharides longer than hexasaccharides. Shorter oligomers are discussed when they represent a key step towards the synthesis of the corresponding polysaccharide. Polymers based on a sugar backbone connected via glycosidic linkages are analyzed, excluding glycopolymers and other mimetics. Extraction

• methodologies or post-extraction modifications are not discussed. Review Glucose-based polysaccharides Cellulose Cellulose is a polymer consisting of glucose units connected by β(1–4) glycosidic bonds. It is mainly found in two allomorphs – Cellulose I (natural) and Cellulose II (synthetic) – that differ in the

Volatile emission and biosynthesis in endophytic fungi colonizing black poplar leaves

• Christin Walther,
• Pamela Baumann,
• Katrin Luck,
• Beate Rothe,
• Peter H. W. Biedermann,
• Jonathan Gershenzon,
• Tobias G. Köllner and
• Sybille B. Unsicker

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1698–1711, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.118

• diameter) growing on PDA. The mycelium was flash frozen in liquid nitrogen and ground using plastic pestles in 1.5 mL Eppendorf tubes. After homogenization of the mycelium, 500 µL extraction buffer (100 mM Tris HCl, pH 8; 10 mM EDTA, pH 8; 2% w/v SDS) and 100 µL proteinase K (Sigma) were added and the

• representative total ion chromatogram for each fungus is shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1. Mass spectra of unknown compounds are shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2. Fungal RNA extraction, reverse transcription, and sequencing Total RNA was isolated from fresh mycelium

• by a 4 × 20 s treatment with a sonicator (Bandelin UW2070, Berlin, Germany) in chilled extraction buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 1 mM dithiothreitol, 10% (v/v) glycerol). Cell fragments were removed by centrifugation at 14,000g and the supernatant was further processed via an Illustra NAP-5 gravity

Recent advances in the application of isoindigo derivatives in materials chemistry

• Andrei V. Bogdanov and
• Vladimir F. Mironov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1533–1564, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.111

• -coating technique, the authors succeeded in obtaining a thin film by immersing a substrate in a polymer solution, followed by slow extraction, accompanied by slow evaporation of the solvent. The device thus obtained showed one of the highest values of hole conductivity of μe = 8.3 cm2⋅V−1⋅s−1 [78]. It was

Total synthesis of ent-pavettamine

• Memory Zimuwandeyi,
• Manuel A. Fernandes,
• Amanda L. Rousseau and
• Moira L. Bode

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1440–1446, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.99

• , using our previously published methodology in an overall yield of 8% over 8 steps (Scheme 1) [1]. An alternative strategy for the synthesis of 4 was developed so as to avoid a cumbersome continuous extraction step of a triol associated with the established method, in addition to improving the overall

Analogs of the carotane antibiotic fulvoferruginin from submerged cultures of a Thai Marasmius sp.

• Birthe Sandargo,
• Leon Kaysan,
• Rémy B. Teponno,
• Christian Richter,
• Benjarong Thongbai,
• Frank Surup and
• Marc Stadler

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1385–1391, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.97

• corresponding cultures were deposited at the mycological herbarium of Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand, accession number MFLUCC 14-0681. The DNA extraction was performed using an EZ-10 Spin Column Genomic DNA Miniprep kit (Bio Basic Canada Inc., Markham, Ontario, Canada) following the

Antiviral therapy in shrimp through plant virus VLP containing VP28 dsRNA against WSSV

• Santiago Ramos-Carreño,
• Ivone Giffard-Mena,
• Jose N. Zamudio-Ocadiz,
• Alfredo Nuñez-Rivera,
• Ricardo Valencia-Yañez,
• Jaime Ruiz-Garcia,
• Maria Teresa Viana and
• Ruben D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1360–1373, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.95

• purification. The plant virus CCMV was produced in California cowpea plants (Vigna ungiculata). The plants were mechanically inoculated with a solution containing the virus. After two weeks, the infected leaves were collected and ground in a virus extraction buffer (0.5 M sodium acetate, 0.08 M magnesium

A comprehensive review of flow chemistry techniques tailored to the flavours and fragrances industries

• Guido Gambacorta,
• James S. Sharley and
• Ian R. Baxendale

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1181–1312, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.90