Miniemulsion polymerization as a versatile tool for the synthesis of functionalized polymers

• Daniel Crespy and
• Katharina Landfester

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 1132–1148, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.130

• , and butyl methacrylate was also copolymerized with 2-aminoethyl methacrylate by the same authors [42]. Cell–particle investigations were performed with polyisoprene and copolymers of styrene and isoprene fluorescent particles. Their uptake was found to be faster in comparison to polystyrene particles

• ]. Fluorescent particles of polystyrene were created in miniemulsion by copolymerizing styrene, the cationic polymerizable surfactant N,N-dimethyl-N-n-dodecyl-N-2-methacryloyloxyethyl ammonium bromide, and eventually the polymerizable dye 1-pyrenylmethyl methacrylate [60]. The pyrene dye encapsulated in the

• polystyrene nanoparticles were synthesized in emulsion and miniemulsion by non-covalently immobilized metallocene catalysts [67]. The catalytic polymerization of butadiene with a cobalt catalyst was found to give highly crystalline 1,2-polybutadiene with a particle size of 150–200 nm [68]. The

Gelation or molecular recognition; is the bis-(α,β-dihydroxy ester)s motif an omnigelator?

• Peter C. Griffiths,
• David W. Knight,
• Ian R. Morgan,
• Amy Ford,
• James Brown,
• Ben Davies,
• Richard K. Heenan,
• Stephen M. King,
• Robert M. Dalgliesh,
• John Tomkinson,
• Stuart Prescott,
• Ralf Schweins and
• Alison Paul

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 1079–1088, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.123

• polystyrene blend (LOQ) or 1 mm H2O. The Kholodenko–Dirac wormlike chain model [9] has been used to analyse the SANS data. This approach is derived from a Gaussian coil model, where long thin rods are made of a succession of m cylindrical elements of statistical length ℓ and radius RAx. The contour length of

Formation of epoxide-amine oligo-adducts as OH-functionalized initiators for the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone

• Julia Theis and
• Helmut Ritter

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 938–944, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.105

• absorbance detector (λ = 256 nm) and a Waters 410 differential refractometer were used. The number average molecular weight (Mn), the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the polydispersity (PD) were calculated by a calibration curve generated by polystyrene standards with a molar mass range from 580 to

Hybrid biofunctional nanostructures as stimuli-responsive catalytic systems

• Gernot U. Marten,
• Thorsten Gelbrich and
• Annette M. Schmidt

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 922–931, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.98

• . For TGA, a Netzsch STA 449c in a He atmosphere was used with a heating rate of 10 K·min−1 between 30 and 600 °C. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) elugrams were collected on THF (300 × 8 mm2 MZ Gel Sdplus columns, Waters 410 RI-detector) relative to polystyrene standards. NMR spectroscopy was

Synthesis and crystal structures of multifunctional tosylates as basis for star-shaped poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)s

• Richard Hoogenboom,
• Martin W. M. Fijten,
• Guido Kickelbick and
• Ulrich S. Schubert

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 773–783, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.96

• -detector, indicating that the porphyrin has a lower RI than the eluent, and a positive signal in the UV-detector at 500 nm, where the porphyrin has a strong UV-absorption (Figure 9b). The Mn was calculated to be 1,580 g/mol with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 1.06 (against polystyrene standards). This PDI

• -10AD pump, a RID-6A refractive index detector, a SPD-10A UV detector and a PLgel 5 μm Mixed-D column with chloroform: triethylamine:2-propanol (94:4:2) as eluent and the column oven set to 50 °C (polystyrene calibration). SEC with photodiode-array detector was measured on a Waters system with a 1515

Conjugated polymers containing diketopyrrolopyrrole units in the main chain

• Bernd Tieke,
• A. Raman Rabindranath,
• Kai Zhang and
• Yu Zhu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 830–845, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.92

• observed a red emission with maximum at about 640 nm. A relevant plot of current density and light intensity vs. voltage is reproduced in Figure 2. DeSchryver et al. synthesized dendrimer macromolecules with a DPP core [29]. Embedded in a spin-coated polystyrene film, single dendrimer molecules could be

A bivalent glycopeptide to target two putative carbohydrate binding sites on FimH

• Thisbe K. Lindhorst,
• Kathrin Bruegge,
• Andreas Fuchs and
• Oliver Sperling

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 801–809, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.90

• ], employing type 1 fimbriated E. coli bacteria and mannan-coated microtiter plates. In this assay a mannosidic ligand competes with the polysaccharide mannan adsorbed on a polystyrene microtiter plate for FimH-mediated binding to the type 1 fimbriated bacteria. The inhibitory ligand is employed in serial

Calix[4]arene-click-cyclodextrin and supramolecular structures with watersoluble NIPAAM-copolymers bearing adamantyl units: “Rings on ring on chain”

• Bernd Garska,
• Monir Tabatabai and
• Helmut Ritter

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 784–788, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.83

• weight (Mw) and the polydispersity (PD) were calculated by a calibration curve generated by polystyrene standards with a molecular weight range from 370 to 1000000 Da. DLS experiments were carried out on a Malvern HPPS-ET apparatus at a temperature value of 10 °C. The particle size distribution was

Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of 1-aryltriazenes with arylboronic acids catalyzed by a recyclable polymer-supported N-heterocyclic carbene–palladium complex catalyst

• Guangming Nan,
• Fang Ren and
• Meiming Luo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 70, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.70

• general study on the Suzuki–Miyaura reactions of 1-aryltriazenes under heterogeneous catalysis described to date. Previously, we reported an active and recyclable polystyrene-supported Pd–NHC (N-heterocyclic carbene) catalyst 1 (Scheme 1) for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of aryl bromides

• arylboronic acids can be readily effected with our polystyrene-supported Pd–NHC catalyst, which shows high efficiency and can be easily recovered and reused several times still retaining high activity. Results and Discussion The polystyrene-supported Pd–NHC catalyst 1 was prepared according to our reported

• In conclusion, we have disclosed that the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of aryltriazenes and arylboronic acids can be catalyzed by the recyclable polystyrene-supported Pd–NHC catalyst 1 to produce biaryls in good to excellent yields. The supported Pd–NHC catalyst can be re-used several times and

Synthesis of spiroannulated and 3-arylated 1,2,4-trioxanes from mesitylol and methyl 4-hydroxytiglate by photooxygenation and peroxyacetalization

• Axel G. Griesbeck,
• Lars-Oliver Höinck and
• Jörg M. Neudörfl

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 61, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.61

• sensitization of triplet oxygen with meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) were performed in polystyrene beads under solvent-free conditions (Scheme 1) [18][19]. Numerous applications of the hydroperoxides 4 and 7, that result from the singlet oxygen ene reactions, have already been reported [20][21]. In context with

Synthesis and crossover reaction of TEMPO containing block copolymer via ROMP

• Olubummo Adekunle,
• Susanne Tanner and
• Wolfgang H. Binder

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 59, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.59

• analysis was performed on a Viscotek VE2001 system with THF as the eluant at a flow rate of 1 ml/min and an injection volume of 100 µL. Polystyrene standards were used for conventional external calibration using a Viscotek VE3580 refractive index detector. Positive ion MALDI-TOF (matrix-assisted laser

Synthesis, characterization and photoinduced curing of polysulfones with (meth)acrylate functionalities

• Cemil Dizman,
• Sahin Ates,
• Lokman Torun and
• Yusuf Yagci

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 56, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.56

• determined using polystyrene standards. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed on Perkin–Elmer Diamond TA/TGA with a heating rate of 10 °C min under nitrogen flow. Preparation of the oligomers General procedure for the synthesis of polysulfone oligomer Bisphenol A (40 g, 175 mmol), bis(p

Continuous flow enantioselective arylation of aldehydes with ArZnEt using triarylboroxins as the ultimate source of aryl groups

• Julien Rolland,
• Xacobe C. Cambeiro,
• Carles Rodríguez-Escrich and
• Miquel A. Pericàs

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 56, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.56

• flow system for the synthesis of enantioenriched diarylmethanols from aldehydes is described. The system uses an amino alcohol-functionalized polystyrene resin as the catalyst, and the arylating agent is conveniently prepared by transmetallation of triarylboroxins with diethylzinc. Keywords

• ], methylation [17], and arylation [18] of a wide family of substrates at low catalyst loadings. In recent times, we have developed strategies for the immobilization of analogues of 1 onto solid supports [19][20][21][22]. Among the ligands resulting from these studies, the polystyrene-supported catalyst 2

• ) and its polystyrene-immobilized analogue 2. Experimental set-up for the continuous flow experiments. (A) Schematic representation and (B) Actual system. Generation of the mixed ArZnEt species from a boronic acid and Et2Zn. Generation of the mixed ArZnEt species from a triarylboroxin and Et2Zn

Asymmetric reactions in continuous flow

• Xiao Yin Mak,
• Paola Laurino and
• Peter H. Seeberger

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 19, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.19

• C–C bond forming reaction that has been studied in flow is the PyBox-metal complex-catalyzed carbonyl ene reaction [29]. Salvadori and co-workers described the use of a flow reactor comprised of a stainless steel column packed with PyBox ligand functionalized polystyrene 13 for the ene reaction of

• ketone was investigated in flow using polystyrene-supported cinchonine and cinchonidine 27 (Scheme 8) [33]. A fluid bed reactor was devised for this asymmetric reaction, which allowed for the polymer beads to move around freely. Solutions of the reagents were introduced into the bottom of the column bed