Research progress on calixarene/pillararene-based controlled drug release systems

• Liu-Huan Yi,
• Jian Qin,
• Si-Ran Lu,
• Liu-Pan Yang,
• Li-Li Wang and
• Huan Yao

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1757–1785, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.139

• Liu-Huan Yi Jian Qin Si-Ran Lu Liu-Pan Yang Li-Li Wang Huan Yao School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China 10.3762/bjoc.21.139 Abstract Intelligent controlled-release drug delivery systems that are responsive to various external

• of controlled-release technologies, with the aim of offering a reference for the utilization of aromatic macrocycles in drug-controlled release applications. Keywords: aromatic macrocycle; controlled-release drug delivery systems; stimulus response; supramolecular chemistry; Introduction Drugs are

• therapeutic effect [5]. However, conventional drug delivery systems (such as capsules [6], tablets [7], ointments [8], etc.) have poor bioavailability, with fluctuating plasma drug levels and an inability to achieve sustained release. The emergence of controlled-release drug delivery systems has provided the