The Groebke–Blackburn–Bienaymé reaction in its maturity: innovation and improvements since its 21st birthday (2019–2023)

• Cristina Martini,
• Muhammad Idham Darussalam Mardjan and
• Andrea Basso

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1839–1879, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.162

Strategies for the synthesis of brevipolides

• Yudhi D. Kurniawan and
• A'liyatur Rosyidah

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2399–2416, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.157

• has long been used in folk medicines to treat headaches (Panama) and diarrhea (Paraguay) [6], for protection after giving birth (Panama, Indonesia, Malaysia) [6][7][8][9], against worms for newborn infants (Indonesia) [6], for prevention and treatment of different types of cancer (Indonesia) [10

Synthesis of 10-O-aryl-substituted berberine derivatives by Chan–Evans–Lam coupling and investigation of their DNA-binding properties

• Peter Jonas Wickhorst,
• Mathilda Blachnik,
• Denisa Lagumdzija and
• Heiko Ihmels

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 991–1000, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.81

• also been employed in modern medicine because of its antimicrobial [3], antiprotozoal [4], antiviral [5], and anti-inflammatory [6] activity, and it is used in the treatment of tuberculosis [7], diarrhea [8], diabetes [9], cardiovascular diseases [10] or high cholesterol levels [11]. Most interestingly

• [65]. Accordingly, the activity of these derivatives in the treatment of tuberculosis [7], diarrhea [8], diabetes [9], cardiovascular diseases [10] or high cholesterol levels [11] is worth to be tested, because the parent berberine is already employed as drug for these diseases. In summary, a new

Chemical constituents of Chaenomeles sinensis twigs and their biological activity

• Joon Min Cha,
• Dong Hyun Kim,
• Lalita Subedi,
• Zahra Khan,
• Sang Un Choi,
• Sun Yeou Kim and
• Chung Sub Kim

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 3078–3085, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.257

• ) is a deciduous or semi-evergreen tree widely distributed in East Asia including Korea, Japan, and mainland China. The fruits of this medicinal plant have been used on its own or in combination with other medicinal herbs to treat diarrhea, vomiting, myalgia, and common cold [1]. Previous phytochemical

Convenient synthesis of the pentasaccharide repeating unit corresponding to the cell wall O-antigen of Escherichia albertii O4

• Tapasi Manna,
• Arin Gucchait and
• Anup Kumar Misra

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 106–110, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.12

• cell wall polysaccharides with suitable proteins, which include vaccines against Haemophilia influenza type b (Hib) [12][13], meningitis [14], pneumococcal infections [15][16] and enteric diseases such as cholera [17], diarrhea [18] and urinary tract infections [19]. Despite the possibility of

Chemical synthesis of the pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-specific polysaccharide from Escherichia coli O132 in the form of its 2-aminoethyl glycoside

• Debasish Pal and
• Balaram Mukhopadhyay

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2563–2568, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.249

• glycoside; diarrhea; galactofuranose; O-specific polysaccharide; total synthesis; Introduction O-Polysaccharides are the most complex molecular systems present in the bacterial cell wall owing to the presence of various sugar residues connected through diverse glycosidic linkages. These complex structures

• bacteria present in the guts of human and other warm-blooded animals. It is usually harmless and beneficial to the host’s body, however, there are other variants of E. coli having virulence factors and causing diseases like diarrhea, urinary tract infection, septicaemia etc. E. coli O132 is reported to be

• the causative agent for septicemia in chicken [3], diarrhea in children under three years of age [4], diarrhea in calves and rabbits [5][6]. Recently, Knirel et al. [7] reported the structure of the O-polysaccharide of E. coli O132 as a pentasaccharide repeating unit consisting of GlcNAcp, Glcp, Rhap

Carbohydrate inhibitors of cholera toxin

• Vajinder Kumar and
• W. Bruce Turnbull

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 484–498, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.34

• diarrhea is an AB5 toxin released by the bacteria. Thus, an understanding of this toxin becomes essential in finding/developing molecules that could prevent cell entry of the toxin and inhibit its activity. AB5 toxins are an important class of bacterial toxins. They consist of a single A-subunit and a

• and the diarrhea that is symptomatic of cholera. The A1-subunit consists of three domains namely A11, A12 and A13 (Figure 1). While the A11 domain is responsible for catalysis, the A12 and A13 domains have been implicated in allowing the A1 subunit to escape from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) into

A new and expeditious synthesis of all enantiomerically pure stereoisomers of rosaprostol, an antiulcer drug

• Wiesława Perlikowska,
• Remigiusz Żurawiński and
• Marian Mikołajczyk

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2234–2239, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.215

• side effects common to other prostanoids like diarrhea, hypotension and uterine stimulation [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. The sodium salt of 1 as a 1:1 mixture of the racemic 1,2-trans-1,5-cis and 1,2-trans-1,5-trans diastereoisomers has been marketed in Italy as Rosal for the treatment of gastric and

Release of β-galactosidase from poloxamine/α-cyclodextrin hydrogels

• César A. Estévez,
• José Ramón Isasi,
• Eneko Larrañeta and
• Itziar Vélaz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 3127–3135, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.330

• presence of some of the following symptoms: abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, flatulence and/or bloating. Symptoms can vary in each individual depending on the amount of lactose ingested, the degree of intolerance and the type of food consumed [2]. Notably, within this terminology, lactose malabsorption is

Decandrinin, an unprecedented C₉-spiro-fused 7,8-seco-ent-abietane from the Godavari mangrove Ceriops decandra

• Hui Wang,
• Min-Yi Li,
• Félix Zongwe Katele,
• Tirumani Satyanandamurty,
• Jun Wu and
• Gerhard Bringmann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 276–281, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.23

• , the bark of C. decandra have been used for the treatment of amoebiasis, diarrhea, hemorrhage, and malignant ulcers [5], making it rewarding to screen the bioactive compounds of this plant. Before our work, already 28 compounds had been isolated from C. decandra [6] (three pimaranes, four beyeranes

Tricyclic flavonoids with 1,3-dithiolium substructure

• Lucian G. Bahrin,
• Peter G. Jones and
• Henning Hopf

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1999–2003, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.226

• effective in the treatment of various conditions, such as diarrhea, dysentery, dyspepsia, leucorrhea, and diabetic complications [9][10]. The main components of H. campechianum and C. sappan are hematoxylin (3, Figure 1) and brazilin; the basic structures of the two contain a 3,4-cycloalkyl-fused benzopyran

Synthetic glycopeptides and glycoproteins with applications in biological research

• Ulrika Westerlind

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.90

• cholerae, causes severe diarrhea and massive dehydration upon binding and entrance into the intestinal epithelial cells [119]. The AB5-type toxin consists of one toxic ADP-ribosyltransferase and five lectin subunits that bind to the gangloside GM1 ligands on the epithelial cell surface [120]. The cholera

Carbamate derivatives and sesquiterpenoids from the South China Sea gorgonian Melitodes squamata

• Li-Si Huang,
• Fei He,
• Hui Huang,
• Xiao-Yong Zhang and
• Shu-Hua Qi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 170–176, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.18

• , diterpenoids, prostanoids, and steroids [1][2]. However, nitrogen-containing compounds were relatively few obtained from gorgonians. Gorgonian Melitodes squamata Nutting belonging to Melithaea family is a kind of pharmaceutical coral that has the efficacy of relieving cough, bleeding, and diarrhea, soothing

Convergent synthesis of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-antigen of Shigella boydii type 9

• Abhishek Santra and
• Anup Kumar Misra

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1182–1188, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.137

• glycoside in high yield. Keywords: diarrhea; glycosylation; O-antigen; oligosaccharide; Shigella boydii; Introduction Diarrhoeal disease is a common cause of death in the tropical countries and it is the second mostly causing infant deaths worldwide. Shigella is one of the well-studied human pathogens