Red light excitation: illuminating photocatalysis in a new spectrum

• Lucas Fortier,
• Corentin Lefebvre and
• Norbert Hoffmann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 296–326, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.22

• chemistry with significant potential in synthetic and biomedical fields. Keywords: green chemistry; medicinal chemistry; organic photochemistry; photocatalysis; red-light mediated transformations; Introduction Red-light-activated photocatalysis has recently gained significant interest as a tool for

Synthesis of substituted 8H-benzo[h]pyrano[2,3-f]quinazolin-8-ones via photochemical 6π-electrocyclization of pyrimidines containing an allomaltol fragment

• Constantine V. Milyutin,
• Andrey N. Komogortsev,
• Boris V. Lichitsky,
• Mikhail E. Minyaev and
• Valeriya G. Melekhina

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 778–788, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.58

• important role in modern chemistry allowing to create novel original synthetic methods. UV-initiated reactions of heterocyclic systems are a significant part of organic photochemistry and there are numerous such transformations for various classes of heterocycles known in the literature [11][12][13][14][15

Direct C2–H alkylation of indoles driven by the photochemical activity of halogen-bonded complexes

• Martina Mamone,
• Giuseppe Gentile,
• Jacopo Dosso,
• Maurizio Prato and
• Giacomo Filippini

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 575–581, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.42

• on noble metal complexes has been constantly declined over recent years due to cost, availability, and toxicity, therefore discouraged by the modern guidelines towards implementation of sustainable chemical production schemes [6]. In the last decades, organic photochemistry has become a prominent

Icilio Guareschi and his amazing “1897 reaction”

• Gian Cesare Tron,
• Alberto Minassi,
• Giovanni Sorba,
• Mara Fausone and
• Giovanni Appendino

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1335–1351, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.93

• Pharmacopoeia [60]. The last two decades of the Turin years (1900–1918) The first decade of the past century was a magic moment for science in general and for the Italian organic chemistry community in particular, with Ciamician and Paternò setting the foundation of organic photochemistry in what has been

An overview on disulfide-catalyzed and -cocatalyzed photoreactions

• Yeersen Patehebieke

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1418–1435, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.118

• variety of reactions, renders them a class of green, economic, mild, and chemoselective radical catalyst. Apart from this, they are also excellent HAT catalysts in photoredox catalysis systems [2][3]. In various types of organic photochemistry reactions, such as cyclizations, anti-Markovnikov additions

A method to determine the correct photocatalyst concentration for photooxidation reactions conducted in continuous flow reactors

• Clemens R. Horn and
• Sylvain Gremetz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 871–879, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.78

• sources over mercury arcs and other light sources commonly used in industry and classical synthetic organic photochemistry. LEDs typically have much narrower emission spectra when compared to these light sources, all of which have broad emission spectra except for low-pressure sodium vapor lamps [15][16

Contribution of microreactor technology and flow chemistry to the development of green and sustainable synthesis

• Flavio Fanelli,
• Giovanna Parisi,
• Leonardo Degennaro and
• Renzo Luisi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 520–542, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.51

• , the catalyst can be fixed on a suitable hardware, and the reaction mixture allowed to flow through the system. The use of recyclable catalysts in continuous-flow conditions represents an innovative strategy for the development of more environmentally friendly synthesis. In the last decade, organic

• photochemistry got a sort of renaissance, emerging as useful approach in modern sustainable and green synthesis. Concerning the heterogeneous catalysis with palladium, practical procedures for recovering and reusing of the catalysts have been recently reported [51][52][53]. A versatile Pd-catalysed synthesis of

Bright molecules for sensing, computing and imaging: a tale of two once-troubled cities

• A. Prasanna de Silva

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2774–2784, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.298

• beginnings At the time that I was studying for a Ph.D. in organic photochemistry [5], the field was in transition. The study of single functional groups was nearing completion and attention was shifting to the meeting of two functionalities in a photon field. One of the most influential concepts that emerged

Photorelease of phosphates: Mild methods for protecting phosphate derivatives

• Sanjeewa N. Senadheera,
• Abraham L. Yousef and
• Richard S. Givens

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2038–2054, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.212

• rearrangement; photoremovable protecting groups; Introduction Phosphates have long held an important formative position in the development of organic photochemistry beginning with the seminal report by Havinga [1] of the unusual substituent effects in the photosolvolysis of aryl phosphates that showed

Microflow photochemistry: UVC-induced [2 + 2]-photoadditions to furanone in a microcapillary reactor

• Sylvestre Bachollet,
• Kimitada Terao,
• Shin Aida,
• Yasuhiro Nishiyama,
• Kiyomi Kakiuchi and
• Michael Oelgemöller

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2015–2021, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.237

• this technology will help to overcome the current reservations towards synthetic organic photochemistry [46] and that it will find future applications in chemical and pharmaceutical processes [47][48]. Experimental General All commercially available starting materials and reagents were purchased from

Flow photochemistry: Old light through new windows

• Jonathan P. Knowles,
• Luke D. Elliott and
• Kevin I. Booker-Milburn

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 2025–2052, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.229

• -utilised technique in general organic synthesis. Recent developments in flow photochemistry have the potential to allow this technique to be applied in a more mainstream setting. This review highlights the use of flow reactors in organic photochemistry, allowing a comparison of the various reactor types to

• ] that crystals of the sesquiterpene santonin would literally burst open upon exposure to sunlight can perhaps be considered as the beginning of organic photochemistry. In 1883 Cannizzaro and Sestini [2] investigated this further and reported the formation of photosantonic acid upon irradiation of

• Nylon 6, proceeds by irradiation of cyclohexane with NOCl and HCl, and is carried out in dedicated plants producing >100,000 tons per annum. Conventional techniques & equipment For well over half a century the most dependable apparatus for laboratory scale organic photochemistry has been the immersion

Photoreactions of cyclic sulfite esters: Evidence for diradical intermediates

• Rick C. White,
• Benny E. Arney Jr. and
• Heiko Ihmels

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1208–1212, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.134

• considered. Keywords: diradicals; mechanisms; photochemistry; Introduction Photoinduced ring-opening or ring-fragmentation processes constitute an important type of reaction in organic photochemistry and have been examined both from a mechanistic and a synthetic point of view [1][2][3][4][5]. Mechanistic

Microphotochemistry: 4,4'-Dimethoxybenzophenone mediated photodecarboxylation reactions involving phthalimides

• Oksana Shvydkiv,
• Kieran Nolan and
• Michael Oelgemöller

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1055–1063, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.121

• superior results thus proving the superiority of microphotochemistry over conventional technologies. Keywords: microflow; microreactor; photochemistry; photodecarboxylation; phthalimide; Introduction Organic photochemistry is a highly successful synthesis method that allows the construction of complex

• molecules with a “flick of a switch” [1][2][3][4]. Light is furthermore considered a clean “reagent” and consequently, photochemistry has contributed extensively to the growing field of Green Chemistry [5][6][7]. It is therefore surprising that synthetic organic photochemistry has been widely neglected by