Red light excitation: illuminating photocatalysis in a new spectrum

• Lucas Fortier,
• Corentin Lefebvre and
• Norbert Hoffmann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 296–326, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.22

• explored the scalability of these systems, demonstrating their efficacy in multigram-scale photooxidations. The use of silicon-based phthalocyanin complexes in continuous-flow reactors not only increased the productivity of β-citronellol oxidation but also reduced the process mass intensity by a factor of

Inline purification in continuous flow synthesis – opportunities and challenges

• Jorge García-Lacuna and
• Marcus Baumann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1720–1740, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.182

• ]. Moreover, a high process mass intensity, good space time yield and high product purity were obtained, proving these inline separation techniques can be used as a green and effective purification tool. Previously, Jamison and co-workers performed a total synthesis of atropine in flow using a similar setup

One-pot double annulations to confer diastereoselective spirooxindolepyrrolothiazoles

• Juan Lu,
• Bin Yao,
• Desheng Zhan,
• Zhuo Sun,
• Yun Ji and
• Xiaofeng Zhang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1607–1616, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.171

• ), optimum efficiency (OE), mass productivity (MP), mass intensity (MI), process mass intensity (PMI), E factor (E), and solvent intensity (SI) are listed in Table 3 and Table 4 and are shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 (the green metrics and detailed calculation process is described in Supporting Information

A proposed sustainability index for synthesis plans based on input provenance and output fate: application to academic and industrial synthesis plans for vanillin as a case study

• John Andraos

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2346–2362, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.196

• from biofermentation, chemical synthesis, and solvent extraction processes. In addition, these plans are compared and ranked according to Borda count and poset (partially ordered set) pairwise dominance analyses using the following attributes: process mass intensity (PMI), sacrificial reagent (SR

• ) consumption, input enthalpic energy (IEE) consumption, Rowan solvent greenness index (RSGI), and sustainability index (SI). Keywords: Borda count; green chemistry; input enthalpic energy; process mass intensity; poset dominance analysis; Rowan solvent greenness index; sacrificial reagent; sustainability

• air, water, soil, and sediment. Based on the definition of variables in Equations 1, 2, and 3 we can then define the following key parameters. The process mass intensity (PMI) [13] is defined according to Equation 4. The mass fractions of valorized inputs (FVI) and valorized waste outputs (FVO) are

Natural dolomitic limestone-catalyzed synthesis of benzimidazoles, dihydropyrimidinones, and highly substituted pyridines under ultrasound irradiation

• Kumar Godugu,
• Venkata Divya Sri Yadala,
• Mohammad Khaja Mohinuddin Pinjari,
• Trivikram Reddy Gundala,
• Lakshmi Reddy Sanapareddy and
• Chinna Gangi Reddy Nallagondu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1881–1900, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.156

• reported. Evaluation of the green chemistry metrics for the synthesis of benzimidazoles 3, dihydropyrimidinones 7, and highly functionalized pyridines 11 In order to evaluate the “greenness” of the proposed methodologies, the green chemistry metrics, such as the atom economy (AE), E-factor, process mass

• intensity (PMI), Curzon’s reaction mass efficiency (RME), and generalized or global reaction mass efficiency (gRME) were evaluated by adopting established standard empirical formulae [88][89]. The obtained results are summarized in Tables 8–10. This study revealed that the reactions displayed a good to