HFIP as a versatile solvent in resorcin[n]arene synthesis

• Hormoz Khosravi,
• Valeria Stevens and
• Raúl Hernández Sánchez

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2469–2475, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.211

• tolerated. This method leads to a variety of 2-substituted resorcin[n]arenes in a single synthetic step with isolated yields up to 98%. Keywords: cavitand; cyclization; HFIP; hydroxyalkylation; resorcinarenes; Introduction The acid-catalyzed aldehyde-resorcinol condensation has been studied for more than

Site-selective reactions mediated by molecular containers

• Rui Wang and
• Yang Yu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 309–324, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.35

• mimicking the recognition and catalysis behavior of enzymes with designed and synthesized molecular containers such as cyclodextrins, cucurbiturils, calixarenes, and resorcinarenes, chemists try to tackle problems of traditional synthetic chemistry, including increase in reactivity, induction of selectivity

Anion-driven encapsulation of cationic guests inside pyridine[4]arene dimers

• Anniina Kiesilä,
• Jani O. Moilanen,
• Anneli Kruve,
• Christoph A. Schalley,
• Perdita Barran and
• Elina Kalenius

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2486–2492, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.241

• and studied by multiple gas-phase techniques, ESI-QTOF-MS, IRMPD, and DT-IMMS experiments, as well as DFT calculations. The comparison of classical resorcinarenes with pyridinearenes by MS and NMR experiments reveals clear differences in their host–guest chemistry and implies that cation encapsulation

• in pyridine[4]arene is an anion-driven process. Keywords: cation binding; DFT calculations; ion mobility mass spectrometry; macrocycles; pyridinearenes; resorcinarenes; Introduction Resorcinarenes and their derivatives are known for the molecular recognition properties of their self-assembled

• dimeric and hexameric capsules, which can encapsulate cationic and neutral guests [1][2][3]. Pyridine[4]arenes [4] are analogous macrocycles to resorcin[4]arenes. Whereas resorcinarenes are cyclic tetramers of resorcinol, pyridinearenes are formed from 2,6-dihydroxypyridine (see Scheme 1). Although the

Complexation of chiral amines by resorcin[4]arene sulfonic acids in polar media – circular dichroism and diffusion studies of chirality transfer and solvent dependence

• Bartosz Setner and
• Agnieszka Szumna

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1913–1924, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.187

• column anion exchange using DOWEX® 50W resin. Chiral resorcinarenes (R)-2 and (S)-2 were synthesized by the Mannich reaction of C-(3-hydroxypropyl)resorcin[4]arene with (R)- or (S)-2-phenylethylamine and formaldehyde in methanol in 38% yield for (R)-2 and 36% yield for (S)-2 yields according to modified

Complexation of 2,6-helic[6]arene and its derivatives with 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium salts and protonated 4,4'-bipyridinium salts: an acid–base controllable complexation

• Jing Li,
• Qiang Shi,
• Ying Han and
• Chuan-Feng Chen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1795–1804, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.173

• are also the epitome of complex-binding pockets of enzymes [3]. Macrocyclic arenes including calixarenes [4][5], resorcinarenes [6], cyclotriveratrylenes [7][8], pillararenes [9], biphen[n]arenes [10] and others [11][12] are all composed of hydroxy-substituted aromatic rings bridged by methylene or

Efficient resolution of racemic crown-shaped cyclotriveratrylene derivatives and isolation and characterization of the intermediate saddle isomer

• Sven Götz,
• Andreas Schneider and
• Arne Lützen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1339–1346, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.133

• ; cyclotriveratrylenes; HPLC; macrocycles; racemization; saddle isomer; Introduction Cyclotriveratrylenes (CTVs) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] are cyclic bowl-shaped molecules and belong to the most studied concave host molecules in supramolecular chemistry besides, e.g., calixarenes and resorcinarenes [9], cyclodextrins

Halogen bonding and host–guest chemistry between N-alkylammonium resorcinarene halides, diiodoperfluorobutane and neutral guests

• Fangfang Pan,
• Mohadeseh Dashti,
• Michael R. Reynolds,
• Kari Rissanen,
• John F. Trant and
• Ngong Kodiah Beyeh

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 947–954, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.91

• resorcinarenes. Significant disorder is present in this cavity, viz, half MeCN and half MeOH were assigned as disorder in the cavity of 1. According to the previously reported structure, when 1,4-dioxane was the inclusion guest, the volume of the cavity is above 170 Å3, much larger than that of MeCN and MeOH

Host–guest complexes of conformationally flexible C-hexyl-2-bromoresorcinarene and aromatic N-oxides: solid-state, solution and computational studies

• Rakesh Puttreddy,
• Ngong Kodiah Beyeh,
• S. Maryamdokht Taimoory,
• Daniel Meister,
• John F. Trant and
• Kari Rissanen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1723–1733, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.146

• , aiding in the binding of polar guests such as N-oxides. Keywords: aromatic N-oxides; C–H···π Interactions; ditopic receptors; endo/exo complexation; host–guest chemistry; resorcinarenes; Introduction Resorcinarenes are macrocyclic compounds with a bowl-shaped cavity stabilised by circular

• ], coordination chemistry [12][13], biological systems [14] and especially for host–guest (H–G) chemistry [15]. Resorcinarenes can be modified at either the upper rim 2-position, lower rim, or both, to deliver supramolecular structures with the required structure for a given function [16][17][18]. We have shown

• that resorcinarenes are particularly suited hosts for both neutral and protonated N-heterocyclic compounds [19][20] and alkyl ammonium cations [21][22][23][24][25]. The resulting complexes have been extensively studied in both solid and solution state. The most common defined interactions involve

Binding abilities of a chiral calix[4]resorcinarene: a polarimetric investigation on a complex case of study

• Marco Russo and
• Paolo Lo Meo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2698–2709, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.268

• : calix[4]resorcinarene; host–guest complexes; p-nitroanilines; polarimetry; supramolecular chemistry; Introduction During the last decades calix[n]arenes and calix[n]resorcinarenes (CAs) have emerged as versatile supramolecular host systems for various applications [1][2][3][4][5], spanning from sensors

• have also been studied as hydrogelators [22][23]. Moreover, water soluble chiral calix[4]resorcinarenes have been recently designed and used as chiral shift reagents for NMR applications [24][25][26][27]. The possibility to introduce chiral groups onto the CA scaffold is particularly intriguing from

• the behaviour of diverse calix[4]resorcinarenes, including a proline derivative very similar to CAP. In particular, it was observed that the relevant octo-anion shows remarkable affinity towards aliphatic ammonium cations (as well as the tetra-anion of the title ligand bearing no proline groups

From steroids to aqueous supramolecular chemistry: an autobiographical career review

• Bruce C. Gibb

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 684–701, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.69

• as we had to buy the former via a long, drawn-out purchasing process, and the latter could be picked up from the department store, the cavitand work was the first thing we did. The first new reaction carried out in our chemistry cupboard was to deepen the cavity of resorcinarenes (Scheme 5). To

• attempt this stereoselective “bridging” of resorcinarenes we ordered both benzal chloride and benzal bromide; because both were in the Aldrich catalogue, and because, as I’m fond of telling students, you should never assume you know what Nature will do and should always maximize your chances when

• to be useful hosts, these deep-cavity cavitands also demonstrated that resorcinarenes could be used as covalent templates to form macrocycles. For example, the deep-cavity cavitand shown in Scheme 8 can be treated with excess BBr3 to cleave the four, benzal-bridges and liberate a new family of

Enantioselective supramolecular devices in the gas phase. Resorcin[4]arene as a model system

• Caterina Fraschetti,
• Matthias C. Letzel,
• Antonello Filippi,
• Maurizio Speranza and
• Jochen Mattay

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 539–550, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.62

• the effect of the mentioned source of asymmetry by generating, in a nanoESI-FT-ICR mass spectrometer, proton-bound complexes between resorcinarenes C (Figure 10) [57] and several polyfunctionalized biomolecules (G, Table 4), and then by measuring their gas-phase reactivity towards some primary amines

Molecular recognition of organic ammonium ions in solution using synthetic receptors

• Andreas Späth and
• Burkhard König

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 32, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.32

Size selective recognition of small esters by a negative allosteric hemicarcerand

• Holger Staats and
• Arne Lützen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 10, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.10

• hydrogen atoms of the acetal bridges of the resorcinarenes (4.2–4.8 and 5.3–5.9 ppm) and of the bipyridine (7.5–8.0 ppm), respectively. Note that these hydrogen atoms are all located more or less inside the cavity which clearly indicates encapsulation of the esters rather than a kind of accidental binding

Control of stilbene conformation and fluorescence in self-assembled capsules

• Mark R. Ams,
• Dariush Ajami,
• Stephen L. Craig,
• Jye-Shane Yang and
• Julius Rebek Jr

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 79, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.79

• little else is known about the photophysics of guests in this capsule. This research was undertaken to understand what controls the behavior of stilbenes in this and related constrained environments. Results and Discussion The space inside capsule 1.1 is defined by two pyramids comprising resorcinarenes