Heterogeneous photocatalysis in flow chemical reactors

• Christopher G. Thomson,
• Ai-Lan Lee and
• Filipe Vilela

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1495–1549, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.125

• photon and mass transport. Photocatalysis provides a unique route to carry out complex chemical transformations under mild conditions that are often impossible with “standard” organic synthetic procedures. The earliest report of synthetic photochemistry can be traced back to Trommsdorf in 1834, who

Tandem copper and photoredox catalysis in photocatalytic alkene difunctionalization reactions

• Nicholas L. Reed,
• Madeline I. Herman,
• Vladimir P. Miltchev and
• Tehshik P. Yoon

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 351–356, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.30

• renewed interest in synthetic photochemistry has resulted in the discovery of a broad range of powerful new bond-forming transformations [1][2][3][4]. Much of this work has been premised on the ability of visible light-activated photocatalysts to generate highly reactive odd-electron intermediates via

Photocatalyic Appel reaction enabled by copper-based complexes in continuous flow

• Clémentine Minozzi,
• Jean-Christophe Grenier-Petel,
• Shawn Parisien-Collette and
• Shawn K. Collins

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2730–2736, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.251

• anhydrides. The protocol was also amendable and optimized under continuous flow conditions. Keywords: Appel; continuous flow; copper; halides; photocatalysis; Introduction Synthetic photochemistry and photocatalysis continues to influence molecular synthesis [1][2][3][4]. In exploring photochemical

Microfluidic light-driven synthesis of tetracyclic molecular architectures

• Javier Mateos,
• Nicholas Meneghini,
• Marcella Bonchio,
• Nadia Marino,
• Tommaso Carofiglio,
• Xavier Companyó and
• Luca Dell’Amico

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2418–2424, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.219

• molecules. Keywords: [4 + 2] photoenol; cycloaddition; flow chemistry; microfluidic photoreactor; photoredox catalysis; synthetic photochemistry; Introduction In recent years synthetic photochemistry has become highly sophisticated [1]. The opportunity of using renewable energy sources to transform and

Flow photochemistry: Old light through new windows

• Jonathan P. Knowles,
• Luke D. Elliott and
• Kevin I. Booker-Milburn

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 2025–2052, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.229

• Jonathan P. Knowles Luke D. Elliott Kevin I. Booker-Milburn School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK. 10.3762/bjoc.8.229 Abstract Synthetic photochemistry carried out in classic batch reactors has, for over half a century, proved to be a powerful but under

• santonin. It is generally regarded that the systematic and ground-breaking investigations of Ciamician and Silber [3] paved the way for modern synthetic photochemistry. At the turn of the 20th century they described the first examples of now common reactions such as intramolecular [2 + 2] cycloaddition

• is also amplified if the reaction solution is concentrated. When the scale of the reaction is increased with the same lamp it becomes increasingly more difficult to drive the reaction to completion. Attempts to do so often result in the “curse” of synthetic photochemistry, i.e., over-irradiation of