An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods

Zahra Faraji Rad, Philip D. Prewett and Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.12.77

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Zahra Faraji Rad, Philip D. Prewett and Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.12.77

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Faraji Rad, Z.; Prewett, P. D.; Davies, G. J. Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046. doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.77

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TY  - JOUR
A1  - Faraji Rad, Zahra
A1  - Prewett, Philip D.
A1  - Davies, Graham J.
T1  - An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods
JF  - Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology
PY  - 2021///
VL  - 12
SP  - 1034
EP  - 1046
SN  - 2190-4286
DO  - 10.3762/bjnano.12.77
PB  - Beilstein-Institut
JA  - Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.
UR  - https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.12.77
KW  - drug delivery
KW  - microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)
KW  - microfabrication
KW  - microneedles
KW  - point-of-care diagnostics
N2  - Microneedle-based microdevices promise to expand the scope for delivery of vaccines and therapeutic agents through the skin and withdrawing biofluids for point-of-care diagnostics – so-called theranostics. Unskilled and painless applications of microneedle patches for blood collection or drug delivery are two of the advantages of microneedle arrays over hypodermic needles. Developing the necessary microneedle fabrication processes has the potential to dramatically impact the health care delivery system by changing the landscape of fluid sampling and subcutaneous drug delivery. Microneedle designs which range from sub-micron to millimetre feature sizes are fabricated using the tools of the microelectronics industry from metals, silicon, and polymers. Various types of subtractive and additive manufacturing processes have been used to manufacture microneedles, but the development of microneedle-based systems using conventional subtractive methods has been constrained by the limitations and high cost of microfabrication technology. Additive manufacturing processes such as 3D printing and two-photon polymerization fabrication are promising transformative technologies developed in recent years. The present article provides an overview of microneedle systems applications, designs, material selection, and manufacturing methods.
ER  -

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aromatic	the word “aromatic”
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“aromatic aldehyde”	the exact phrase “aromatic aldehyde”
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