Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• air [60][61]. Attempts to include an Au+ component with a central binding energy of 85.2 eV [62] did not match the measured data, excluding the presence of Au+ here. The presence of Au+ has been observed in 800 nm femtosecond-reactive laser ablation in aqueous HAuCl4 solution [41]. We did not find

Preferential enrichment and extraction of laser-synthesized nanoparticles in organic phases

• Theo Fromme,
• Maximilian L. Spiekermann,
• Florian Lehmann,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Thomas Seidensticker and
• Sven Reichenberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.20

• Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Industrial Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.16.20 Abstract Pulsed laser ablation in liquids (LAL) is an established preparation method of nanoparticles and catalysts, which additionally allows to chemically

• ) was found to direct both the nanoparticles’ phase selectivity and recovery after cycling. The observed correlations provide potential guidelines for nanoparticle extraction and size separation, relevant for phase transfer and cycling during homogeneous catalysis. Keywords: catalysis; laser ablation

• in liquid; laser synthesis and processing of colloids; phase transfer; size separation; thermomorphic multiphase system; Introduction Laser ablation in liquids (LAL) provides nanoparticles without the need of external surfactants while retaining the initial composition of the educt material in the

Fabrication of hafnium-based nanoparticles and nanostructures using picosecond laser ablation

• Abhishek Das,
• Mangababu Akkanaboina,
• Jagannath Rathod,
• R. Sai Prasad Goud,
• Kanaka Ravi Kumar,
• Raghu C. Reddy,
• Ratheesh Ravendran,
• Katia Vutova,
• S. V. S. Nageswara Rao and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1639–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.129

• /bjnano.15.129 Abstract This work presents a unique and straightforward method to synthesise hafnium oxide (HfO2) and hafnium carbide (HfC) nanoparticles (NPs) and to fabricate hafnium nanostructures (NSs) on a Hf surface. Ultrafast picosecond laser ablation of the Hf metal target was performed in three

• insight into their morphological and optical characteristics paving way for their applications in future. Keywords: hafnium; laser ablation in liquids; nanofibres; nanoparticles; nanostructures; Introduction Hafnium (Hf) is a tetravalent transition metal with compounds showing excellent thermal and

• desired morphology is essential for a given application. Generally, practical techniques for obtaining nanomaterials are sol–gel method, chemical and physical vapour deposition, hydrothermal method, ball milling, grinding, lithography, etching, and laser ablation [14][15][16][17][18]. The morphology

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles derived from algae and their larvicidal properties to control Aedes aegypti

• Matheus Alves Siqueira de Assunção,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Mara Elga Medeiros Braga,
• Severino Alves Junior,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa,
• Herminio José Cipriano de Sousa and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1566–1575, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.123

• residues in the environment [30]. Physical methods include laser ablation, UV irradiation, evaporation condensation, aerosol methods, and lithography. High cost, high energy consumption, and expensive equipment make these techniques uneconomical [31]. Because of these disadvantages, synthesis methods based

Various CVD-grown ZnO nanostructures for nanodevices and interdisciplinary applications

• The-Long Phan,
• Le Viet Cuong,
• Vu Dinh Lam and
• Ngoc Toan Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1390–1399, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.112

• ], radio-frequency magnetron sputtering [47], pulsed laser ablation [48], and electrodeposition methods [49]. They have many application potentials in dye-sensitized solar cells [46], self-powered energy-harvesting devices [47], photocatalysts [48], and turbid lenses [50]. It has been suggested that the

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• Abstract The present study investigates the effects of input wavelength (1064, 532, and 355 nm) and surrounding liquid environment (distilled water and aqueous NaCl solution) on the picosecond laser ablation on silver (Ag), gold (Au), and Ag/Au alloy targets. The efficacy of the laser ablation technique

• implications for developing more efficient and stable SERS substrates for chemical detection applications. Keywords: dimethyl methyl phosphonate; laser material interaction; metal nanoparticles; picosecond laser ablation; SERS; thiram; Introduction Metal nanoparticles (NPs) are versatile materials widely

• used across various scientific and technological fields due to their distinctive optical, physical, and chemical properties. Over the past few decades, different methods have been developed for NP synthesis, including chemical reduction, electrochemistry, atomic layer deposition, laser ablation

Green synthesis of biomass-derived carbon quantum dots for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

• Dalia Chávez-García,
• Mario Guzman,
• Viridiana Sanchez and
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 755–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.63

• top-down approaches such as arc discharge and laser ablation, and bottom-up methods such as hydrothermal and microwave synthesis [7][22] Biomass sources for CQD synthesis include eggshells, papaya peel, and lemon peel [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. Applications

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• review also includes findings that are specific to the LSPC method variants laser ablation (LAL), fragmentation (LFL), melting (LML), and reduction (LRL) in organic liquids. A particular focus will be set on permanent gases, liquid hydrocarbons, and solid, carbonaceous species generated, including the

• reactions are needed. Furthermore, properties such as surface structure or crystallinity can be tailored by adjusting experimental conditions while retaining the initial chemical composition of the educt material [13]. LSPC can be classified into the method variants of laser ablation in liquid (LAL), laser

• laser ablation, fragmentation, or melting in liquids (RLAL, RLFL, or RLML), which refers to the synthesis of nanoparticles wherein molecular or galvanic replacement precursors, such as metal salts, are added to react in situ [7]. The added precursors take part in chemical reactions leading to the

Antimicrobial and mechanical properties of functionalized textile by nanoarchitectured photoinduced Ag@polymer coating

• Jessica Plé,
• Marine Dabert,
• Helene Lecoq,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Lydie Ploux and
• Lavinia Balan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 95–109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.11

• ] synthesized AgNPs on cotton fabrics using laser ablation, while Ahmad et al. [31] deposited AgNPs by the dip and dry method based on surface reduction reactions. However, the difference in expansion coefficients of the given metal layer and substrate can lead to surface defects under strain (cracks, loss of

Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges

• Piotr Gadziński,
• Anna Froelich,
• Monika Wojtyłko,
• Antoni Białek,
• Julia Krysztofiak and
• Tomasz Osmałek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98

• cutting technique can be used to produce microneedles from metals or polymers. The main part of the process is cutting microneedles out of a plate with a laser and then bending them. The alignment of the tips can be achieved by electropolishing [149]. A similar technique is laser ablation. In this case

Fabrication and testing of polymer microneedles for transdermal drug delivery

• Vahid Ebrahiminejad,
• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 629–640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.55

• multistage fabrication processes with high production costs [7]. Similarly, laser ablation and lithography techniques are costly, requiring extended production time [8]. To overcome the current manufacturing limitations, MNs might be fabricated cost-effectively, with high precision and accuracy, using 3D

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

• in the synthesis procedures. The most common physical methods used to generate NPs are high-energy ball milling, laser ablation, electrospraying, inert gas condensation, PVD, laser pyrolysis, flash spray pyrolysis, and melt mixing [16]. Chemical methods are the traditional and most widely used

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• ” synthesis methods. Several physical methods for top-down synthesis of silver nanostructures including ball milling [105][106][107], laser ablation [108][109][110][111][112], evaporation–condensation [113][114], electromagnetic levitation gas condensation (ELGC) [115], ultrasonication [116][117][118][119

• time [129][131]. However, the size distribution is large [129][132][133], and the NPs produced have a fairly large size distribution compared to NPs produced by chemical methods. 2.1.4 Laser ablation process. A promising physical synthesis method used widely in recent years is laser ablation. This

• ablation depends on the thermal and optical properties of the utilized metal and the surrounding ambient conditions [228][229]. Despite its significant advantages, laser ablation presents some disadvantages that limit their use. In general, this method does not have high productivity and the utilization of

High-responsivity hybrid α-Ag₂S/Si photodetector prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid

• Raid A. Ismail,
• Hanan A. Rawdhan and
• Duha S. Ahmed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.142

• Raid A. Ismail Hanan A. Rawdhan Duha S. Ahmed Department of Applied Science, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq 10.3762/bjnano.11.142 Abstract We report the synthesis of α-Ag2S nanoparticles (NPs) by one-step laser ablation of a silver target in aqueous solution of thiourea (Tu, CH4N2S

• . Keywords: cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB); laser ablation; monodisperse; photodetector; silver(I) sulfide (Ag2S); thiourea; Introduction Nanomaterials have attracted considerable attention due to their superior chemical and physical properties. The size-dependent properties of nanomaterials have

• hydrothermal methods, chemical bath deposition, laser ablation in liquid reverse microemulsion, electrospinning, sol–gel, electrochemical method, template method, sonochemical method, and hydrochemical bath deposition [10][11][12][13]. The size of Ag2S NPs depends on the preparation conditions [14]. Ag2S NPs

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• subsections. Physical methods Examples of physical methods used to synthesize NPs are the evaporation/condensation method, magnetron sputtering, mechanochemical processing (MCP), microwave-thermal method, photoreduction process, and pulsed laser ablation, among others. The evaporation/condensation method

• irradiation time. For example, while Tan et al. [31] obtained spherical silver nanoparticles, Zhou et al. [32] obtained plate-like triangles. Another method used is the pulsed laser ablation technique which is used to synthesize colloidal solutions of Ag [33], Au [34], MgO [35], and ZnO [36] NPs, among others

One-step synthesis of carbon-supported electrocatalysts

• Sebastian Tigges,
• Nicolas Wöhrl,
• Ivan Radev,
• Ulrich Hagemann,
• Markus Heidelmann,
• Thai Binh Nguyen,
• Stanislav Gorelkov,
• Stephan Schulz and
• Axel Lorke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.126

• techniques [11] and laser ablation [12]) are surfactant-free and scalable. However, these approaches typically require multiple-step procedures in which the support and catalytic nanoparticles (NPs) are first produced individually and then combined in a third step (i.e., NP sedimentation in liquid phase [13

Microwave-induced electric discharges on metal particles for the synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials under solvent-free conditions

• Vijay Tripathi,
• Harit Kumar,
• Anubhav Agarwal and
• Leela S. Panchakarla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1019–1025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.86

• microscopy; Introduction The synthesis of nanomaterials in short time intervals with fewer chemicals has become increasingly important in materials science. Traditional routes of synthesizing nanomaterials, including sol–gel synthesis, solvothermal synthesis, arc-discharge synthesis, or laser ablation

Soybean-derived blue photoluminescent carbon dots

• Shanshan Wang,
• Wei Sun,
• Dong-sheng Yang and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 606–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.48

• residuals to synthesize carbon nanoparticles by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), annealing at high temperature, and laser ablation (LA) in a NH4OH solution. The carbon nanoparticles synthesized with the HTC process (HTC-CDs) exhibit photoluminescent characteristics with strong blue emission. The annealing

• to introduce N-surface-functional groups to carbon nanoparticles made from biomass and biowaste and to produce stable photoluminescent CDs with excellent water-wettability. Keywords: biomass; carbon dots; hydrothermal process; laser ablation; N-doping; photoluminescence; Introduction Carbon-based

• synthesizing CDs, including oxidation and reduction [13][14][15], laser ablation [16], microwave irradiation [9], pyrolysis [17], and hydrothermal treatment [18]. Some of these methods are tedious and time consuming and use strong acids and/or surface treatment to improve their water solubility and

Formation of metal/semiconductor Cu–Si composite nanostructures

• Natalya V. Yumozhapova,
• Andrey V. Nomoev,
• Vyacheslav V. Syzrantsev and
• Erzhena C. Khartaeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2497–2504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.240

• they are immiscible in the bulk state. In addition to chemical techniques [9][10][11][12], physical methods such as gas-phase methods [5][6][15], laser ablation [7][8][16], and magnetron-sputter gas-phase condensation [17] have been developed. When these methods are combined with the possibility of

• core–shell nanoparticles upon the condensation of silicon atoms onto the core when a copper nanocluster is introduced into a gaseous medium consisting of silicon atoms. In [22], similar particles were obtained by laser ablation of Au nanoparticles onto larger Co-oxide particles and agglomeration with a

Nanostructured and oriented metal–organic framework films enabling extreme surface wetting properties

• Andre Mähringer,
• Julian M. Rotter and
• Dana D. Medina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1994–2003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.196

• example, sol–gel synthesis, electrochemical deposition, anodization, electrochemical polymerization, electrospinning, plasma treatment, chemical or hydrothermal methods, vapor deposition, layer-by-layer assembly or laser ablation [19][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. However, the

Pulsed laser synthesis of highly active Ag–Rh and Ag–Pt antenna–reactor-type plasmonic catalysts

• Kenneth A. Kane and
• Massimo F. Bertino

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1958–1963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.192

• Kenneth A. Kane Massimo F. Bertino Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, 23220, USA 10.3762/bjnano.10.192 Abstract Ag, Pt, and Rh monometallic colloids were produced via laser ablation. Separate Ag–Rh and Ag–Pt heterostructures were formed by mixing and

• –reactor; catalysis; heterostructures; laser ablation; multicomponent; nanoparticles; 4-nitrophenol; plasmonic; Pt; Rh; Introduction Metal nanoparticles can interact with visible light through an excitation of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). The LSPR is a resonant, collective oscillation

• a “forced plasmon” that efficiently generates hot charge carriers, transforming the catalytic NP into a photocatalytic NP. Here, the facile synthesis of highly active Ag–Rh and Ag–Pt heterostructures for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol through pulsed laser ablation is reported. The synthesis method

Gas sensing properties of individual SnO₂ nanowires and SnO₂ sol–gel nanocomposites

• Alexey V. Shaposhnik,
• Dmitry A. Shaposhnik,
• Sergey Yu. Turishchev,
• Olga A. Chuvenkova,
• Stanislav V. Ryabtsev,
• Alexey A. Vasiliev,
• Xavier Vilanova,
• Francisco Hernandez-Ramirez and
• Joan R. Morante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1380–1390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.136

• and high surface-to-volume ratio, obtained by sintering, are traditionally used as sensing materials. By means of preparation methods such as magnetron sputtering, laser ablation, and pulverization, layer-by-layer nanoparticle deposition can be achieved with adhesion to the substrate and to previously

Correlation of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with the surface density of gold nanoparticles: evaluation of the critical number of SERS tags for a detectable signal

• Vincenzo Amendola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1016–1023, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.102

• plasmonic nanoparticles dispersed on a substrate [38], inside microcavities [39], or even while monitoring electrochemical reactions [40]. This work reports on the study of SERS tags obtained by laser ablation synthesis in liquid solution (LASiS) of gold (Au) nanoparticles, their coating with three

Fabrication of silver nanoisland films by pulsed laser deposition for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Bogusław Budner,
• Mariusz Kuźma,
• Barbara Nasiłowska,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Malwina Liszewska and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 882–893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.89

• nanoparticle films [12][13][14]. Metallic NPs of different sizes and shapes are prepared in solution mainly by chemical synthesis using various reducing agents and conditions [13]. However, physical methods such as laser ablation are also often used [15]. Other examples of nanoparticle fabrication using

• fabricated NPs can be controlled very well [13]. One of the less commonly used physical methods for the fabrication of SERS active gold and silver nanoisland films is pulsed laser deposition (PLD) [19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. In PLD, the materials are deposited on a substrate through laser ablation from a

• the Si substrate by laser ablation (PLD) registered in a wide range of binding energy, and Ag 3d and Ag-MNN Auger band registered in a narrow range of energy (insert). Reflectance spectra of fabricated Ag nanoisland films: a) for samples with the layers deposited at a laser fluence of 5.56 ± 0.37J/cm2

Tungsten disulfide-based nanocomposites for photothermal therapy

• Tzuriel Levin,
• Hagit Sade,
• Rina Ben-Shabbat Binyamini,
• Maayan Pour,
• Iftach Nachman and
• Jean-Paul Lellouche

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 811–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.81

• carbon equivalent and found the toxicity of the former to be lower [23]. Wu et al. produced biocompatible MoS2 nanoparticles by a pulsed laser ablation technique [24]. Examples of medical applications with TMDC nanostructures are their addition as reinforcing agents to polymers for bone-tissue