Substrate-dependent pore formation in molybdenum disulfide monolayers under ion irradiation

• Yossarian Liebsch,
• Umair Javed,
• Lucia Skopinski,
• Leon Daniel,
• Franziska Appel,
• Radia Rahali,
• Clara Grygiel,
• Henning Lebius,
• Carolin Frank,
• Lars Breuer,
• Leon Kirsch,
• Frieder Koch,
• Jani Kotakoski and
• Marika Schleberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 769–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.54

• , high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) generally requires freestanding membranes, while atomic-resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) demand exceptionally clean surfaces; also, substrate effects can further complicate interpretation

• systematically larger by ≈1 nm across all charge states. In addition, within our experimental resolution, we observe no significant dependence of pore radius on kinetic energy over the investigated range. This observation is consistent with sputtering experiments of monolayer MoS2 carried out by Skopinski et al

Tailoring Ag–Pt nanoalloys through solid-state dewetting: structural and optical insights

• Marcin Łapiński,
• Piotr Okoczuk,
• Blaž Grobiša,
• Ewa Pawlikowska,
• Amelia Rozwadowska,
• Wojciech Sadowski and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 748–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.52

• presented below in Figure 10b. The obtained values showed a good agreement with the theoretical compositions, in line with the EDS measurements. To determine a detailed chemical state analysis of the elements, high-resolution spectra were also recorded. The position of Pt 4f7/2 peaks at 71.2 eV and a

• homogeneous Ag–Pt nanoalloys, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) observations were performed. Representative cross-section TEM images of two samples with various compositions are shown in Figure 8. Images for both nanostructures exhibit uniform morphology, which strongly indicates alloy

• Ntegra AFM. To obtain high-resolution, ultra-sharp probes with a tip radius <5 nm were used. Measurements were conducted in the semi-contact mode. The morphology of the manufactured nanostructures was examined using microscopic techniques. A FEI Quanta FEG 250 scanning electron microscope operating at 10

Oxidative atmosphere-driven formation of single-phase spinel CuRh₂O₄ nanofibers for alkaline water oxidation

• Namhee Kim,
• Sumin Ko,
• Sohyeon Choi,
• Seoyoon Jang,
• Myung Hwa Kim and
• Dasol Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 737–743, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.50

• 609.6 cm−1 (A1g), which are consistent with the spinel CuRh2O4 lattice [17][18], supporting the XRD-based phase assignment (vide supra). As shown in Figure 4b, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis of the electrospun CuRh2O4 nanofibers reveals clear lattice fringes with an

• characterization Morphology and elemental composition of the synthesized nanomaterials were examined using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM; JEOL JSM-6700F) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM; JEOL JEM-2100F). Surface chemical states and crystallographic structures were

Environmental applications of silver nanoparticles: state-of-the-art review and emerging trends

• Soni Prajapati,
• Akash Kumar and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 697–736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.49

• , which calculated the AgNP concentration as particles per millilitre [53]. Microscopic techniques, such as transmission electron microscopy, provide high-resolution images of individual nanoparticles, confirming morphology, size distribution, and elemental composition when coupled with energy-dispersive

Decontamination from water pollutants and pathogens by electrospun nanofibers doped with heavy-atom-free borafluorene-BODIPY photosensitizers

• Angelika Zaszczyńska,
• Paulina H. Marek-Urban,
• Karolina Wrochna,
• Agnieszka E. Kuklewska,
• Kacper Kręgielewski,
• Marta Grodzik,
• Dawid R. Natkowski,
• Jolanta Mierzejewska,
• Ewa Iwanek,
• Agata Blacha-Grzechnik,
• Paweł Sajkiewicz and
• Krzysztof Durka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 668–682, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.46

• eV (scanning step 0.05 eV) for high-resolution spectra acquisition. To compensate charging effects, the Kratos charge neutralization system was used. The binding energy scale was calibrated with respect to the C–C component of C 1s spectra (284.8 eV). The acquired spectra were analyzed using CASA XPS

• ® software and embedded algorithms. The components of the high-resolution spectra were represented with Gaussian (70%) and Lorentzian (30%) lines, while the background was represented with Shirley’s function. Water contact angle measurements and surface free energy determination The wettability of all

• nitrogen (N 1s at 400 eV), while boron was not detected due to lower sensitivity of XPS for boron. The decomposition of the C 1s high-resolution spectrum (Figure 6b) gives four components located at 284.8, 286.2, 287.2, and 288.8 eV, which can be assigned to C−C, C−O/C−N, C=O, and O−C=O, respectively

afspm: A framework for manufacturer-agnostic automation in scanning probe microscopy

• Nicholas J. Sullivan,
• Julio J. Valdés,
• Kirk H. Bevan and
• Peter Grutter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 653–667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.45

• occur whenever two suitable scripts request control. Given our assumption of a single “primary” script, this is mainly problematic if certain experiment problems are interdependent and the resolution order is important. This can be avoided by extending the mediator to accept a problem hierarchy on

• , the high volume of controls available in most SPM controllers make the task of creating a fully comprehensive framework impractical. We chose to focus on the most common actions and parameters (Table 2); these are running and configuring scans (the physical region and data resolution), running and

Two-step laser synthesis of Ag@TiO₂ nanomaterials for the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B

• Marija Kovačević,
• Miloš Tošić,
• Rafaela Radičić,
• Vladimir Rajić,
• Nikša Krstulović,
• Miloš Momčilović and
• Sanja Živković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 622–634, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.43

• resolution by detecting emitted secondary electrons (SE) for topography showed that there is a small difference in surface morphology between Ag@TiO2 200p and Ag@TiO2 2000p plates. This could be correlated with the silver distribution and concentration on the titanium plate. EDS analysis showed a homogeneous

• microstructural examination utilizing transmission electron microscopy. Investigations were conducted using scanning transmission electron microscopy, high-angle annular dark-field with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and conventional and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. A drop of the suspended

Probing tribological evolution in atomically thin MoS₂ at different scales

• Xingzhong Zeng and
• Miao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 586–597, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.40

• 2D materials remain elusive, primarily due to the need for high resolution and precise control of tip–sample interactions. Atomically thin 2D materials are ideal platforms for studying nanoscale and sub-nanoscale friction, owing to their atomic smoothness, well-defined crystal structure, and chemical

• , leading to a corresponding reduction in slip distance and the quenching of sub-nanoscale stick–slip events. It is worth noting that the MFP-3D system used in this work has a maximum sampling rate of 1 MHz (time resolution of 1 μs), which is indeed much lower than the picosecond-scale sub-nanoscale stick

• –slip motion predicted by MD simulations [11][12]. This temporal resolution limitation means that our experiment cannot capture the transient dynamic process of individual sub-nanoscale stick–slip events, but only the cumulative spatial and force response of these events during the slip phase of

Impacts of annealing on structural and photophysical properties of zinc phthalocyanine adsorbed on graphene

• Gautier Creutzer,
• Quentin Fernez,
• Nataliya Kalashnyk,
• Zohreh Safarzadeh,
• Lydia Sosa Vargas,
• Céline Fiorini-Debuisschert,
• Nicolas Fabre and
• Fabrice Charra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 576–585, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.39

• resolution (≈1 µm) both Q-band absorption peaks are uniformly distributed all along the considered area of the sample. This holds also for the intermediate situation, showing that the spectral effect of annealing does not involve a 2D phase transformation with domains larger than the micrometer. Fluorescence

• TSB35 monolayers [46]. Given the robustness of the TSB35-C12 matrices, it is not surprising that such behaviors are preserved in the presence of trapped ZnPc. The lattice constant, 4.3 nm, is also preserved, as imposed by the TSB35-C12 matrix [39]. Secondly, and more pointedly, the high-resolution STM

• substrate) the ZnPc STM image recenters on the central Zn atom and the visibility of the TSB35-C12 conjugated cores, relative to ZnPc, is improved. Such a better resolution (i.e., a smaller spot size produced by the central Zn atom) is also characteristic of reduced fluctuations through a tighter anchoring

Laser–material interactions in liquids for the synthesis of nanomaterials: current status and perspectives

• Carlos Doñate Buendia,
• Bilal Gökce and
• Leonid V. Zhigilei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 571–575, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.38

• techniques capable of probing the initial stages of nanoparticle synthesis with high temporal and/or spatial resolution [32][33]. In particular, accessing the picosecond time window needed to capture the initial interaction of the ablation plume with the liquid environment, which defines the subsequent

• longer-term cavitation bubble dynamics, remains challenging even for shadowgraphy employing ultrafast cameras [34]. Pump–probe reflectometry provides the required picosecond and even femtosecond resolution [35]. However, interpretation of the multi-stage reflectivity response is nontrivial and often

Electrochemical determination of ciprofloxacin using a MIL-101/reduced graphene oxide-modified electrode

• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Nguyen Ngoc Nghia,
• Nguyen Vinh Phu,
• Vo Thi Khanh Ly,
• Le Lam Son,
• Pham Khac Lieu,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Nguyen Dinh Luyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 541–554, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.35

• , suggesting that the synthesized composite is predominantly composed of the expected elements within the detection limit of XPS. The high-resolution Cr 2p spectrum (Figure 3b) shows two prominent peaks at approximately 577.9 and 589.0 eV, representing the Cr 2p3/2 and Cr 2p1/2 spin–orbit components

• mapping, and (e) carbon element mapping. XPS spectra of the MIL-101/rGO (3.3): (a) survey spectrum, (b) high-resolution Cr 2p spectrum, (c) high-resolution C 1s spectrum, and (d) high-resolution O 1s spectrum. SEM observation of (a) rGO, (b) MIL-101, and (c) MIL-101(Cr)/rGO (3.3). (a) Cyclic voltammograms

Probing internal continua and atomic ultrafast charge transfer within size-controlled nanoparticles by post-collision interaction in core-hole clock spectroscopy

• Johannes Lütgert,
• Erika Giangrisostomi,
• Nomi L. A. N. Sorgenfrei and
• Alexander Föhlisch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 505–514, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.33

• experimental resolution (Supporting Information File 1, section 3). Therefore, the observed peak shift is primarily attributed to variations in the asymmetry of the line shape and, thus, linked to the strength of the PCI effect. The magnitude of the PCI effect, and consequently its impact on the line shape, is

Upcycling agroindustrial waste into graphene oxide supports for gold nanoparticles: toward sustainable nanomaterials

• Juan Marcos Castro-Tapia,
• Selene Acosta,
• Hiram Joazet Ojeda-Galván,
• Elsie Evelyn Araujo-Palomo,
• Edgar Giovanni Villabona-Leal and
• Mildred Quintana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 489–504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.32

• , with an acquisition time of 30 s and two accumulations, yielding a spectral resolution of 0.8 cm−1 per pixel. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was performed using a Nicolet Nexus 470 FTIR spectrometer (Nicolet, Madison, WI, USA). Spectra were collected at

• room temperature in the 4000–540 cm−1 range with a spectral resolution of 4 cm−1, averaging 80 scans per sample. The surface chemical composition was assessed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) using a SPECS spectrometer equipped with a PHOIBOS 100 energy analyzer and an Al Kα X-ray source (hν

• = 1486.6 eV). The pass energy was set to 10 eV for high-resolution scans and to 40 eV for survey spectra. All binding energies were referenced to the C=C peak at 284.4 eV. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was carried using a JEOL JEM-2100 microscope operating at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. TEM

Defects and defect-mediated engineering of two-dimensional materials: challenges and open questions

• Arkady V. Krasheninnikov,
• Matthias Batzill,
• Anouar-Akacha Delenda,
• Marija Drndić,
• Chris Ewels,
• Katharina J. Franke,
• Mahdi Ghorbani-Asl,
• Alexander Holleitner,
• Ado Jorio,
• Ute Kaiser,
• Daria Kieczka,
• Hannu-Pekka Komsa,
• Jani Kotakoski,
• Manuel Längle,
• David Lamprecht,
• Yun Liu,
• Steven G. Louie,
• Janina Maultzsch,
• Thomas Michely,
• Katherine Milton,
• Anna Niggas,
• Hanako Okuno,
• Joshua A. Robinson,
• Marika Schleberger,
• Bruno Schuler,
• Alexander Shluger,
• Kazu Suenaga,
• Kristian S. Thygesen,
• Richard A. Wilhelm,
• E. Harriet Åhlgren and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 454–488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.31

• scanning probe methods, can provide information on the atomic structure of materials with sub-angstrom resolution [22]. The aberration-corrected TEM has made it possible not only to obtain images of impurities [23][24][25][26] and intrinsic point defects [27][28][29][30][31], but also to follow their

• and the mechanisms of defect formation. This indicates that defects can also be created deliberately during exposure to the electron beam, which can be used for engineering structure and properties of materials with potentially atomic resolution [34][35][36][37]. It should be pointed out that many

• resolution for that [113] (Figure 5c). What are the challenges in the calculations of Raman spectra of defective 2D materials? In order to correctly describe how the phonons of the pristine material are affected by defects, calculations of Raman spectra require large supercells to describe the low defect

Biomimetic nanoparticles in cancer photodynamic therapy: a review of targeted delivery systems and therapeutic outcomes

• Valentina I. Gorbacheva,
• Alexey S. Grabovoy,
• Polina S. Marukhina,
• Anastasiia O. Syrocheva and
• Ekaterina P. Kolesova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 396–422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.27

Polycatecholamine nanocoatings on stainless steel: the effect on attachment of human fibroblasts and platelets

• Paulina Trzaskowska,
• Ewa Rybak,
• Maciej Trzaskowski,
• Kamil Kopeć,
• Jakub Krzemiński,
• Rafał Podgórski,
• Hatice Genc,
• Mehtap Civelek and
• Iwona Cicha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 365–380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.25

• prepared in triplicate (n = 9 measurements). The materials obtained with extreme coating times underwent for further tests, that is, PDA 10 min, PDA 24 h, PTYR 30 min, PTYR 24 h. Thickness of the coatings Microscopic imaging was performed using a Hitachi SU8230 ultrahigh-resolution field-emission scanning

• coatings’ surfaces were sputter-coated with a 10 nm layer of AuPd and visualized with an ultrahigh-resolution field-emission scanning electron microscope Hitachi SU8230 (Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, Japan, magnification 5 000×). The imaging was done before washing and then after 1, 7, 14, and 28

• immediately after PRP separation. Samples were incubated for 90 min at 37 °C and 5% CO2. Following the incubation process, samples were washed several times with PBS to remove the unattached platelets and fixed 4% buffered paraformaldehyde. Platelet visualization was performed using an ultrahigh-resolution

Ferroelectric nanodot reservoir for neuromorphic computing

• Anna Razumnaya,
• Yuri Tikhonov,
• Dmitrii Naidenko,
• Léo Boron,
• Valerii Vinokur and
• Igor Lukyanchuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 352–364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.24

• implementations. Contactless interfaces Contactless input and output methods of data integration between the reservoir and external neuromorphic interfaces are of particular importance for the development of scalable, high-resolution, ultrafast, and non-invasive neuromorphic systems. They enable direct

• , allowing for direct control or readout of the nanodots’ polarization states with nanoscale precision. Such techniques offer a high-resolution interface with the reservoir and can be particularly effective in prototyping, diagnostics, or specialized neuromorphic functions. These contactless schemes are

Interconnection morphology effects on the radio frequency response of carbon nanotube sponges

• Manuela Scarselli,
• Javad Rezvani,
• Zeno Zuccari,
• Mattia Scagliotti and
• Simone Tocci

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 343–351, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.23

• were performed in an ultrahigh-vacuum chamber (base pressure below 10−10 bar) equipped with a semi-imaging analyser MAC 2 (Riber Instruments) operating in the constant pass energy mode (with a total energy resolution of 1.1 eV). Non-monochromatic Al Kα radiation (1486.6 eV) was used (8 kV, 8 mA). The

• CNS samples were fixed on a molybdenum sample holder with silver paint kept at a distance of about 40 mm from the anode, the illumination area was about 5 mm × 5 mm, and the take-off angle between the sample surface and the energy analyser was kept at 45°. Survey and high-resolution spectra were

Beam shaping techniques for pulsed laser ablation in liquids: Unlocking tunable control of nanoparticle synthesis in liquids

• Sergio Molina-Prados,
• Nadezhda M. Bulgakova,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov,
• Jesus Lancis,
• Gladys Mínguez Vega and
• Carlos Doñate-Buendia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 309–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.22

Advancing nanolithography: a comprehensive review of materials for local anodic oxidation with AFM

• Matteo Lorenzoni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 275–291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.19

• dichalcogenides, demonstrate unique oxidation behaviors, enabling high-resolution applications in electronics and quantum devices. Recent advancements, such as electrode-free LAO, have expanded the range of applicable materials and improved the precision and scalability of the process. This paper also aims to

• fabrication techniques, with scanning probe lithography (SPL) [1] gaining prominence as a versatile method for high-resolution patterning, particularly in the early 2000s. SPL encompasses multiple methods, including nanomechanical processing [2], AFM bias-induced lithography [3], dip-pen nanolithography [4

• maskless patterning under ambient conditions with sub-10 nm lateral resolution, enabling direct oxide formation or material removal with nanoscale precision, capabilities not readily achievable with conventional lithographic approaches. AFM-based LAO originated from earlier STM local oxidation studies [10

Multilayered hyperbolic Au/TiO₂ nanostructures for enhancing the nonlinear response around the epsilon-near-zero point

• Fernando Arturo Araiza-Sixtos,
• Mauricio Gomez-Robles,
• Rafael Salas-Montiel and
• Raúl Rangel-Rojo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 251–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.17

• both gold and titanium dioxide, we could not see a signal. This could mean that our system lacks the power output to excite the nonlinear response or that, even at our highest irradiance, the response was below the signal-to-noise ratio. Considering that, for 800 nm, our system has a minimum resolution

Comparative study on 3D morphologies of delignified, single tracheids and fibers of five wood species

• Helen Gorges,
• Felicitas von Usslar,
• Cordt Zollfrank,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Martin Müller,
• Clemens F. Schaber,
• Chuchu Li and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 239–250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.16

• . Scanning electron microscopy was used to compare the morphology between untreated and delignified fibers and tracheids. X-ray tomography enabled us to reconstruct high-resolution 3D models of delignified single tracheids or fibers, providing information on the pit arrangements. Moreover, delignification

• connections between neighboring cells. This knowledge is valuable for optimizing wood processing techniques, developing new wood-based materials and improving the understanding of wood anatomy and its biological function. By removing lignin, it is now possible to obtain high-resolution 3D models of separated

• largely absent from scientific literature. Although previous studies have examined wood anatomy using various imaging techniques, such as X-ray micro-computed tomography in addition to scanning and transmission electron microscopy [22][23][24][25][26][27], high-resolution 3D reconstructions of single

Gold nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide as a highly effective catalyst for the selective α,β-dehydrogenation of N-alkyl-4-piperidones

• Brenda Flore Kenyim,
• Mihir Tzalis,
• Marilyn Kaul,
• Robert Oestreich,
• Aysenur Limon,
• Chancellin Pecheu Nkepdep and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 218–238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.15

Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging of contaminant species in chemical vapour deposited graphene on copper

• Barry Brennan,
• Vlad-Petru Veigang-Radulescu,
• Philipp Braeuninger-Weimer,
• Stephan Hofmann and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 200–213, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.13

• characterisation techniques with the ability to distinguish different chemical species present, combined with surface sensitivity and suitably high spatial resolution. We here focus on time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) imaging of Cu-catalysed graphene CVD samples. ToF-SIMS offers high

• surface sensitivity (<1 nm depth), low detection limits (ppm and better), high mass resolution to aid identification of chemical species in both molecular and elemental forms [28][29][34], combined with below 30 nm lateral resolution possible under optimal conditions [35]. We investigate a range of

• a pass energy of 40 eV for high resolution, narrow scan window spectra (100 meV step size, 500 ms dwell time), and 160 eV for wide scans (1000 meV step size, 200 ms dwell time), using a monochromated Al Kα X-ray source, with a photon energy of 1486.7 eV. Spectral peak fitting was carried out using

Structure-dependent thermochromism of PAZO thin films: theory and experiment

• Georgi Mateev,
• Dean Dimov,
• Nataliya Berberova-Buhova,
• Nikoleta Kircheva,
• Todor Dudev,
• Ludmila Nikolova,
• Elena Stoykova,
• Keehoon Hong,
• Dimana Nazarova,
• Silvia Angelova and
• Lian Nedelchev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 186–199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.12

• a spectral range of 4440 to 600 cm−1 with resolution of 2 cm−1 and 64 scans used. The fluorescence spectra were recorded using a FluoroLog 3–22 (HORIBA) spectrofluorometer in the spectral range of 250–800 nm with resolution of 0.5 nm and double-grating monochromators by excitation wavelength set