Restorative potential of laser-synthesized silver nanoparticles with Salvia officinalis for periodontal disease treatment: an in vitro study

• Jelena Filipović Tričković,
• Sanja Živković,
• Bojana Ilić,
• Miloš Tošić,
• Jelena Marinković,
• Ana Valenta Šobot and
• Miloš Momčilović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 781–795, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.55

• ) was prepared prior to nanoparticle synthesis, as previously described [13]. Commercially available S. officinalis leaves (Serial No. 23380723, Institute of Medicinal Plant Research “Dr Josif Pančić”, Belgrade, Serbia) were ground, infused with boiling water, and cooled to room temperature. The extract

Interface-engineered Caco-2 cell culture on a collagen-coated liquid–liquid interface in a microfluidic device

• Satoru Kuriu and
• Soo Hyeon Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 760–768, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.53

• temperature for 20 min (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S9ii,iv). Blocking was performed with 1% BSA/PBS at 4 °C overnight (Figure S9vi). The samples were then incubated at room temperature for 3 h in a solution containing ZO-1 antibody (5 μg/mL), phalloidin (0.1 μM), and Hoechst33342 (2 μg/mL). Between

• each procedure, PBS was filled to wash the channel or wells (Figure S9i,iii,v,vii). For immunostaining, the collagen layer coated on the liquid–liquid interface was fixed with 4% FA/PBS for 20 min at room temperature for 20 min (Figure S10v). Blocking was performed with 1% BSA/PBS at 4 °C overnight

• (Figure S10vii). The samples were then incubated at room temperature for 3 h in a solution containing collagen antibody (5 μg/mL) (Figure S10ix). In the negative control experiment without collagen coating, the procedure was carried out in the same manner, except for the step shown in Figure S10ii. Image

Tailoring Ag–Pt nanoalloys through solid-state dewetting: structural and optical insights

• Marcin Łapiński,
• Piotr Okoczuk,
• Blaž Grobiša,
• Ewa Pawlikowska,
• Amelia Rozwadowska,
• Wojciech Sadowski and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 748–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.52

• chemical composition of the nanostructures was confirmed using XPS. Measurements were carried out with a hemispherical XPS spectrometer (Argus, Omicron Nanotechnology) equipped with an Mg Kα X-ray source, operated at 15 keV and 300 W. XPS measurements were performed under ultra-high vacuum at room

• temperature, with a pressure below 1.1 × 10−8 mbar. The results were calibrated to the C 1s line and analyzed using Shirley background subtraction and a Gaussian–Lorentzian curve as the fitting algorithm by the CasaXPS software. Additionally, detailed investigations of the microstructure and chemical

Oxidative atmosphere-driven formation of single-phase spinel CuRh₂O₄ nanofibers for alkaline water oxidation

• Namhee Kim,
• Sumin Ko,
• Sohyeon Choi,
• Seoyoon Jang,
• Myung Hwa Kim and
• Dasol Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 737–743, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.50

• . The mixture was magnetically stirred for 18 h at room temperature to obtain a fully homogenized spinning solution. The prepared precursor solution was then loaded into a plastic syringe and electrospun using an electrospinning system (NanoNC, ESR200R2). Electrospinning was performed at a feed rate of

Environmental applications of silver nanoparticles: state-of-the-art review and emerging trends

• Soni Prajapati,
• Akash Kumar and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 697–736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.49

• magnetic nanoparticles and AgNPs showed the removal of the drug ibuprofen from water. 93% removal was achieved at neutral pH, room temperature, and a low adsorbent dose (7 mg in 500 μL), along with reusability of up to three generations (89.3%) [100]. From the above discussion it was confirmed that

Molecular engineering of individual dye-based nanoparticle photostability for ultrabright two-photon fluorescence

• Eleonore Kurek,
• Sasha Cooper,
• Alexandre Clausolles,
• Karen Perronet,
• Jonathan Daniel,
• Mireille Blanchard-Desce and
• François Marquier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 688–696, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.48

• in the Supplementary Information of [11]. 200 μL of dye solution of either 2 mM of dye 1 or 1 mM of dye 2 in THF were rapidly added to 19.8 mL of freshly distilled water at room temperature, under continuous sonication at 10 W – using a 20 kHz, 130 W ultrasonic processor (Vibra-Cell™ VC130, Sonics

Decontamination from water pollutants and pathogens by electrospun nanofibers doped with heavy-atom-free borafluorene-BODIPY photosensitizers

• Angelika Zaszczyńska,
• Paulina H. Marek-Urban,
• Karolina Wrochna,
• Agnieszka E. Kuklewska,
• Kacper Kręgielewski,
• Marta Grodzik,
• Dawid R. Natkowski,
• Jolanta Mierzejewska,
• Ewa Iwanek,
• Agata Blacha-Grzechnik,
• Paweł Sajkiewicz and
• Krzysztof Durka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 668–682, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.46

• received without additional purification. Electrospinning process All samples were electrospun using an electrospinning chamber (FLUIDNATEK® LE-5, Bioinicia, Spain) with air conditioning (Bioinicia, Spain) at room temperature and a humidity of ~35% (Figure 2). PCL was dissolved in acetic acid and formic

• ISA-220 Integrating Sphere (reflectance measurements). Emission and fluorescence quantum yields of BODIPY fibers were determined using an Edinburgh Instruments FS5 spectrofluorometer. The measurements were performed at room temperature using solid-state Suprasil quartz cuvettes with front-face

Cellulose as a photocatalyst support material: extraction, structural features, and environmental applications

• Yee Teng Lim,
• Nur Farhana Jaafar,
• Azizul Hakim Lahuri and
• Endang Tri Wahyuni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 635–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.44

• hydrolysis is a kinetically driven process. At room temperature, the reaction is far too slow, taking more time to achieve high yields. Increasing the temperature provides the necessary activation energy to speed up the reaction. However, temperatures higher than 65 °C will trigger unwanted side reactions

• oxidation sites on cellulose [60]. TEMPO oxidation is a highly sensitive catalytic cycle. The parameters must be tightly controlled to ensure that the reaction only modifies the surface groups without depolymerization. It is usually carried out at room temperature with a pH around 10 and low doses of TEMPO

• forward [61]. The reaction should be maintained at room temperature to prevent degradation of TEMPO radical. TEMPO acts as a catalyst, and it will continuously regenerate during the reaction. It is also expensive and mildly toxic, so keeping its concentration as low as possible is vital for economic and

Recent progress in enhancing built-in electric fields of perovskite solar cells via junction engineering

• Tong Xiao and
• Ke Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 602–621, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.42

• reduces well state capture through defect passivation, remaining at 93% at room temperature for 5000 h and 85% RH/85 °C. In junction engineering for high-performance PSCs, addressing both interfacial and bulk modulation during the design stage can establish a stronger internal driving field within the

• , which promoted exciton dissociation and carrier transport. This method is compatible with low-temperature processing and maintains stability for over 1000 h. The device retained about 90% of its initial PCE after 1000 h in an unpackaged room-temperature environment with 25% humidity. The Sn/Pb gradient

Impacts of annealing on structural and photophysical properties of zinc phthalocyanine adsorbed on graphene

• Gautier Creutzer,
• Quentin Fernez,
• Nataliya Kalashnyk,
• Zohreh Safarzadeh,
• Lydia Sosa Vargas,
• Céline Fiorini-Debuisschert,
• Nicolas Fabre and
• Fabrice Charra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 576–585, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.39

• background (i.e., acquired with a clean-glass sample) is systematically subtracted. Scanning tunneling microscopy The STM images of the dry samples were recorded under ambient conditions (at air and room temperature T ≈ 300 K) with a homemade digital system. The tip was mechanically cut in a Pt/Ir 250 µm

Synthesis of Cu–Mo/TiO₂ and Co–Mo/TiO₂ photocatalysts for the efficient degradation of organic pollutants in water

• Ilse Acosta,
• Brenda Zermeño,
• Edgar Moctezuma,
• Luis F. Garay-Rodríguez and
• Isaías Juárez-Ramírez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 559–570, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.37

• a 1:10 molar ratio of Ti alkoxide/H2O to obtain the sol. The sol was kept under agitation for 2 h at 65 °C. The resulting gel was aged at room temperature for 24 h and dried at 60 °C for 12 h. Finally, the pure material was thermally treated following a heating program to 600 °C for 6 h. The

• 0.5 mL of acetic acid were added to a mixture of deionized water and ethanol dropwise, using a 1:10 molar ratio of Ti alkoxide/H2O to obtain the sol. After the hydrolysis step, the sol was kept under agitation for 2 h at 65 °C. The resulting gel was aged at room temperature for 24 h and dried at 60 °C

• in the range of 200–800 nm. The photoluminescence analysis was performed at room temperature with a fluorescence spectrophotometer Agilent Cary Eclipse, using an excitation wavelength of 320 nm. Peak deconvolution in the PL spectrum was done using the software XPSPEAK41 for deconvolution and

Electrochemical determination of ciprofloxacin using a MIL-101/reduced graphene oxide-modified electrode

• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Nguyen Ngoc Nghia,
• Nguyen Vinh Phu,
• Vo Thi Khanh Ly,
• Le Lam Son,
• Pham Khac Lieu,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Nguyen Dinh Luyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 541–554, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.35

• stainless-steel autoclave and heated at 200 °C for 8 h [18]. After cooling to room temperature, a highly crystalline green chromium terephthalate powder (MIL-101(Cr)) was collected by filtration, thoroughly washed with deionized water, and dried before use. The MIL-101/rGO composites were synthesized

• mg·mL−1). An aliquot of this suspension (5 µL) was drop-cast onto the cleaned GCE surface and allowed to dry naturally at room temperature to form the MIL-101/rGO-modified electrode. The modified electrode was then gently rinsed with deionized water before conducting electrochemical measurements

• buffer solution at room temperature under optimized pH conditions. DPV parameters, including accumulation potential (Eacc), accumulation time (tacc), pulse amplitude (ΔE), and voltage step (Ustep), were optimized before conducting the analytical measurements. Real sample preparation Pharmaceutical

Upcycling agroindustrial waste into graphene oxide supports for gold nanoparticles: toward sustainable nanomaterials

• Juan Marcos Castro-Tapia,
• Selene Acosta,
• Hiram Joazet Ojeda-Galván,
• Elsie Evelyn Araujo-Palomo,
• Edgar Giovanni Villabona-Leal and
• Mildred Quintana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 489–504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.32

• stirred at 200 rpm for 12 h at room temperature. Afterwards, the mixture was centrifuged at 7000 rpm for 10 min to precipitate Agro-GO and separate the supernatant containing dissolved iron ions. The solid was washed with deionized water until the pH reached 5. Finally, purified Agro-GO was vacuum-dried

• room temperature in the 4000–540 cm−1 range with a spectral resolution of 4 cm−1, averaging 80 scans per sample. The surface chemical composition was assessed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) using a SPECS spectrometer equipped with a PHOIBOS 100 energy analyzer and an Al Kα X-ray source (hν

Defects and defect-mediated engineering of two-dimensional materials: challenges and open questions

• Arkady V. Krasheninnikov,
• Matthias Batzill,
• Anouar-Akacha Delenda,
• Marija Drndić,
• Chris Ewels,
• Katharina J. Franke,
• Mahdi Ghorbani-Asl,
• Alexander Holleitner,
• Ado Jorio,
• Ute Kaiser,
• Daria Kieczka,
• Hannu-Pekka Komsa,
• Jani Kotakoski,
• Manuel Längle,
• David Lamprecht,
• Yun Liu,
• Steven G. Louie,
• Janina Maultzsch,
• Thomas Michely,
• Katherine Milton,
• Anna Niggas,
• Hanako Okuno,
• Joshua A. Robinson,
• Marika Schleberger,
• Bruno Schuler,
• Alexander Shluger,
• Kazu Suenaga,
• Kristian S. Thygesen,
• Richard A. Wilhelm,
• E. Harriet Åhlgren and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 454–488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.31

• migration barriers for S vacancies on the WS2 surface exceed 2 eV, rendering vacancy migration unlikely at room temperature and under typical experimental conditions [62]. This suggests that large vacancy clusters form as a result of non-diffusive processes, such as sputtering and etching of the surface

• surface of WS2, resulting in rapid desorption from the surface at room temperature. The short residence time limits encounters with reactive defect sites, leading to a small effective reaction cross section for vacancy dimers and trimers; dissociation requires overcoming a finite barrier (see Figure 1

Nanocarrier-integrated multilayer films produced by 3D printing for improved skin adhesion and curcumin photostability

• Thayse Viana de Oliveira,
• Ana Paula Farias Leão,
• Júlia Leão,
• Cesar Liberato Petzhold and
• Ruy Carlos Ruver Beck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 440–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.30

• is required to eliminate the solvent. A significant advantage of this technique is that it can be performed at room temperature or even at lower temperatures, making it ideal for thermosensitive materials [6]. The SSE approach can be applied to produce various pharmaceutical dosage forms and can be

• generated model and, using a syringe fitted with a nozzle with a diameter of 0.41 mm, deposited the material layer by layer at room temperature. The printing parameters were set to a rectilinear infill pattern with 100% infill density and an extrusion speed of 6 mm/s. After printing, the films were dried at

• calorimeter (Shimadzu DSC-60), at a heating rate of 10 °C/min, from room temperature to 300 °C. N2 gas was used at a flow rate of 50 mL/min. All film components (chitosan, CMC and alginate), as well as the resulting films (FC-NC and FC) were analysed separately. Skin adhesion measurements Bioadhesion tests of

Interconnection morphology effects on the radio frequency response of carbon nanotube sponges

• Manuela Scarselli,
• Javad Rezvani,
• Zeno Zuccari,
• Mattia Scagliotti and
• Simone Tocci

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 343–351, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.23

• ) into the pipe and carried inside the hot area of the furnace by the gas mixture with the addition of acetylene (20 sccm). In the hot area, the precursor dissociated, and the CNTs started growing. The process was stopped after 30 min. The system was then allowed to cool down to room temperature. The

Fast vortex dynamics and relaxation times in NbRe-based heterostructures

• Francesco De Chiara,
• Zahra Makhdoumi Kakhaki,
• Francesco Avitabile,
• Francesco Colangelo,
• Abhishek Kumar,
• Carmine Attanasio and
• Carla Cirillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 292–302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.20

• both spectral and kinetic proximity effects cooperate in promoting faster quasiparticle relaxation in hybrid systems. Experimental Bilayers were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering in an ultrahigh vacuum system at room temperature from Nb0.18Re0.82 (NbRe), Au, and Ni0.80Fe0.20 (permalloy, Py) targets

Durable antimicrobial activity of fabrics functionalized with zeolite ion-exchanged nanomaterials against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

• Perla Sánchez-López,
• Kendra Ramirez Acosta,
• Sergio Fuentes Moyado,
• Ruben Dario Cadena-Nava and
• Elena Smolentseva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 262–274, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.18

• fabrics were dried at room temperature for one day. A 10% (w/w) acrylic resin (Acrylic binder 005, Royal Talens Company, Apeldoorn, Netherlands, chemical composition: 5-chloro-2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one; 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one; 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one) was used as a binding agent to

• constant stirring at 5 rpm at 40 °C for 15 min per wash cycle, followed by drying at room temperature for 24 h between cycles. The antimicrobial properties of washed fabrics were evaluated after fourth washing cycle. Antibacterial activity of functionalized fabrics Antimicrobial activity experiments

Gold nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide as a highly effective catalyst for the selective α,β-dehydrogenation of N-alkyl-4-piperidones

• Brenda Flore Kenyim,
• Mihir Tzalis,
• Marilyn Kaul,
• Robert Oestreich,
• Aysenur Limon,
• Chancellin Pecheu Nkepdep and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 218–238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.15

Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging of contaminant species in chemical vapour deposited graphene on copper

• Barry Brennan,
• Vlad-Petru Veigang-Radulescu,
• Philipp Braeuninger-Weimer,
• Stephan Hofmann and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 200–213, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.13

• reactor cooled to room temperature in an Ar only atmosphere. During all stages of the process, a pressure of 50 mbar was regulated via a PID controlled outlet valve. Ex situ ToF-SIMS measurements were performed using a TOF SIMS IV instrument (ION-TOF Gmbh, Germany) at a vacuum pressure of <5 × 10−9 mbar

Structure-dependent thermochromism of PAZO thin films: theory and experiment

• Georgi Mateev,
• Dean Dimov,
• Nataliya Berberova-Buhova,
• Nikoleta Kircheva,
• Todor Dudev,
• Ludmila Nikolova,
• Elena Stoykova,
• Keehoon Hong,
• Dimana Nazarova,
• Silvia Angelova and
• Lian Nedelchev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 186–199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.12

• spectra for PAZO thin films at different temperatures were recorded upon heating as the temperature of the sample heater was gradually increased from room temperature (r.t.) to 300 °C (Figure 2A) at a rate of 5 °C/min and (Figure 2B) at a rate of 1 °C/min. The absorbance in the 450–550 nm region gradually

• , there is still no significant change in the spectrum compared to that at room temperature. After heating above 84 °C the spectrum starts to change with the band around 450–550 nm increasing until a critical temperature (≈230 °C) is reached, after which further heating no longer increases the absorption

Influence of surface characteristics on the in vitro stability and cell uptake of nanoliposomes for brain delivery

• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Andreas Zimmer,
• Otmar Geiss,
• Sabrina Gioria,
• Diletta Scaccabarozzi and
• Marija Glavas Dodov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 139–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.9

• ; ULTRASONS-H, J.P. Selecta), vortexing (Tehtnika, EV-102, Slovenia), and manual mixing at room temperature. The prepared liposomes underwent high shear homogenization (24,000 rpm for 5 min; Ultra-Turrax T25, IkaWerke, Germany) and were then incubated at 4–8 °C for 24 h. Finally, the liposomal dispersion was

• vortexed for 5 s and centrifuged in an Eppendorf centrifuge (Eppendorf 5810R (Hamburg, Germany)) at 13.000 rpm at room temperature for 30 min. All pellets were then washed three times with 1 mL of PBS (Gibco, Cat AM9624), and after each wash the supernatant was collected. Next, samples with pellets were

• % CO2). After incubation (4 h, 37 °C and 5% CO2) with the previously labeled NLs with the Dil fluorescent dye, the cells were washed twice with PBS and fixed with 3.7% paraformaldehyde for 20 min at room temperature. After washing the cells with PBS, the cytoskeleton was stained with Alexa FluorTM

Development and in vitro evaluation of liposomes and immunoliposomes containing 5-fluorouracil and R-phycoerythrin as a potential phototheranostic system for colorectal cancer

• Raissa Rodrigues Camelo,
• Vivianne Cortez Sombra Vandesmet,
• Octavio Vital Baccallini,
• José de Brito Vieira Neto,
• Thais da Silva Moreira,
• Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira Leal,
• Claudia Pessoa,
• Daniel Giuliano Cerri,
• Maria Vitória Lopes Badra Bentley,
• Josimar O. Eloy,
• Ivanildo José da Silva Júnior and
• Raquel Petrilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 97–121, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.7

• film evaporation method, as previously described. The fractions containing thiolated cetuximab (fractions 4–6) were then combined with the liposomes and the mixture was incubated overnight for 20 h, at room temperature, stirred at 200 rpm. Unconjugated antibodies were removed by chromatography on a

• drying for 15 min at room temperature. The analyses were conducted in air, using the tapping mode to prevent damage to the sample surface, by using a PPP-NCSTAu probe (Nanosensors®, Switzerland), with frequency resonance of 125 kHz and spring constant of 5.0 N/m. The scan rate was 1.5 s per line. The

• exhibited larger vesicle sizes than those composed of SPC. A plausible explanation is that these phospholipids possess a higher bending modulus of the lipid bilayer at room temperature, rendering the membrane less flexible and more rigid compared to SPC, which is known for forming more fluid and deformable

Functional surface engineering for cultural heritage protection: the role of superhydrophobic and superoleophobic coatings – a comprehensive review

• Giuseppe Cesare Lama,
• Marino Lavorgna,
• Letizia Verdolotti,
• Federica Recupido,
• Giovanna Giuliana Buonocore and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 63–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.6

Reduced graphene oxide paper electrode for lithium-ion cells – towards optimized thermal reduction

• Agata Pawłowska,
• Magdalena Baran,
• Stefan Marynowicz,
• Aleksandra Izabela Banasiak,
• Adrian Racki,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Tymoteusz Ciuk,
• Marta Wolczko and
• Andrzej Budziak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 24–37, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.3

• the G-Flake® reduced graphene oxide paper samples were determined using HMS Ecopia 5500 equipment in Van der Pauw configuration. For this method, samples were cut to a size of 1 cm × 1 cm. The measurements were conducted at room temperature. Values reported in this work are the average of ten

• the reduced graphene oxide paper sheets were free-standing, no additional current collector was applied for these tests. The assembled prototype cells underwent galvanostatic charge–discharge tests (using Atlas 0961 Multichannel Battery tester) at room temperature. Starting after 20 h of rest after