Tailoring of physical properties of RF-sputtered ZnTe films: role of substrate temperature

• Kafi Devi,
• Usha Rani,
• Arun Kumar,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 333–348, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.25

• physical and chemical methods such as molecular beam epitaxy [8], electron-beam evaporation [9], thermal evaporation [10], pulsed laser deposition (PLD) [11], and RF sputtering [12]. RF sputtering is a versatile technique because various process parameters such as RF power, deposition time, substrate

Various CVD-grown ZnO nanostructures for nanodevices and interdisciplinary applications

• The-Long Phan,
• Le Viet Cuong,
• Vu Dinh Lam and
• Ngoc Toan Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1390–1399, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.112

• thermal sublimation [18][23], thermal evaporation [21], hydrothermal method [31][32][33], and other facile chemical/physical routes [34]. The changes in fabrication and processing conditions will influence the shape and size of ZnO nanostructures. When using CVD, vapour sources can be Zn powder or a

Green synthesis of carbon dot structures from Rheum Ribes and Schottky diode fabrication

• Muhammed Taha Durmus and
• Ebru Bozkurt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1369–1375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.110

• Cary Eclipse fluorescence spectrophotometer were used for transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential measurements, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), micro-Raman spectroscopy, PVD thermal evaporation, scanning

• substrate was cut to approximately 1 cm2 in size and cleaned by washing it in acetone, methanol, and pure water for 10 min each. An ohmic contact was made with aluminum on the cleaned sample at 1 × 10−7 Torr vacuum in a PVD thermal evaporation device. Approximately 30 μL of the CDs stock solution was taken

Out-of-plane polarization induces a picosecond photoresponse in rhombohedral stacked bilayer WSe₂

• Guixian Liu,
• Yufan Wang,
• Zhoujuan Xu,
• Zhouxiaosong Zeng,
• Lanyu Huang,
• Cuihuan Ge and
• Xiao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1362–1368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.109

• deposited onto the heterojunctions through metal thermal evaporation. Material and performance characterization The optical images of heterojunctions were obtained using a microscope (ZEISS, Axio Scope A1). The SHG and PL measurements were performed by using a scanning confocal microscope (WITec, alpha 300R

Local work function on graphene nanoribbons

• Daniel Rothhardt,
• Amina Kimouche,
• Tillmann Klamroth and
• Regina Hoffmann-Vogel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1125–1131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.91

• , 10,10′-dibromo-9,9′-bianthryl (DBBA) molecules were deposited by thermal evaporation (Kentax evaporator) onto the hot (Tsample = 470 K) sample surface for 10 min. The deposition rate was kept constant using a quartz crystal microbalance. Annealing up to 670 K for 10 min after deposition induced

Modulated critical currents of spin-transfer torque-induced resistance changes in NiCu/Cu multilayered nanowires

• Mengqi Fu,
• Roman Hartmann,
• Julian Braun,
• Sergej Andreev,
• Torsten Pietsch and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 360–366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.32

• was patterned to build the top electrode by thermal evaporation at a large deposition rate (>3 Å/s) to ensure quick and continuous film formation and, thus, to efficiently avoid Al to be deposited into the pores. Therefore, only the nanowires the top of which have reached the upper surface of the AAO

Fragmentation of metal(II) bis(acetylacetonate) complexes induced by slow electrons

• Janina Kopyra and
• Hassan Abdoul-Carime

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 980–987, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.81

• , 1.54, and 1.74 eV for Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn complexes, respectively [15][16][17][18][19]. Hence, these anion species may be generated at energies higher than the values given above. It should be noted that the metal acetylacetonates crystalize in a trimeric form. Therefore, in thermal evaporation

Gap-directed chemical lift-off lithographic nanoarchitectonics for arbitrary sub-micrometer patterning

• Chang-Ming Wang,
• Hong-Sheng Chan,
• Chia-Li Liao,
• Che-Wei Chang and
• Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 34–44, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.4

• ) was obtained from the ELGA PURELAB classic system (Taipei, Taiwan). CLL operation processes and bioactive substrates preparation In a manner similar to a previous study [26], silicon substrates with 100 nm thick Au and 5 nm Cr adhesive layers were prepared by thermal evaporation. To prepare a SAM

Induced electric conductivity in organic polymers

• Konstantin Y. Arutyunov,
• Anatoli S. Gurski,
• Vladimir V. Artemov,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Azat R. Yusupov,
• Danfis D. Karamov and
• Alexei N. Lachinov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1551–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.128

• of thin-film lead electrodes with thicknesses from 50 nm to 200 nm was carried out by thermal evaporation in vacuum. The critical temperature of bulk lead is Тс(Pb3D) = 7.2 K. However, in the form of a thin film, the critical temperature of a superconductor can differ significantly from the tabulated

Design of a biomimetic, small-scale artificial leaf surface for the study of environmental interactions

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth,
• Lukas Schreiber and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 944–957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.83

• composition play significant roles. Here, the ability of self-assembly of wax after isolation from the leaves was used to develop a small-scale wax-coated artificial leaf surface with the chemical composition and wettability of wheat (Triticum aestivum) leaves. By thermal evaporation of extracted plant waxes

• prerequisite for the applicability of the artificial surface as bio-inspired leaf surface, it was defined that the artificial surface needs to have a homogeneous coating and uniform wettability. Previous recrystallization studies have shown that a homogeneous coating can be produced by thermal evaporation [40

• comparison of the native wax with the wax recrystallized after thermal evaporation, we could show that the wax still had the same chemical composition as the wax on the native leaves. In the wax precipitate on glass, the same substances were detected in the same amounts as in the wax that was vaporized

Nanoarchitectonics of the cathode to improve the reversibility of Li–O₂ batteries

• Hien Thi Thu Pham,
• Jonghyeok Yun,
• So Yeun Kim,
• Sang A Han,
• Jung Ho Kim,
• Jong-Won Lee and
• Min-Sik Park

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 689–698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.61

• the carbonization process. After the carbonization and chemical etching processes, the sizes of the ZnxCoy particles were slightly decreased due to the thermal evaporation of organic linkers and metal ions, maintaining free spaces in the particles. According to the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of

• ), as presented in Figure 5d. From the TGA curves, the weight losses were measured to be 6.1%, 9.2%, and 17.4% for Zn1Co4–C/CNT, Zn1Co1–C/CNT, and Zn4Co1–C/CNT composites, respectively. These weight losses were mainly due to thermal evaporation of adsorbed moisture and Zn, together with thermal

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

Self-assembly of Eucalyptus gunnii wax tubules and pure ß-diketone on HOPG and glass

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 939–949, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.70

• , recrystallization studies with thermal evaporation of waxes on artificial surfaces were carried out by Niemietz [38]. However, such solvent-free recrystallization of tubules requires storage at 50 °C for a couple of days. For our study we used a fast evaporating solvent, which provides a faster recrystallization

Influence of electrospray deposition on C₆₀ molecular assemblies

• Antoine Hinaut,
• Sebastian Scherb,
• Sara Freund,
• Zhao Liu,
• Thilo Glatzel and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 552–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.45

• conditions are more difficult to be maintained. Additionally, because the presence of solvent on the surface cannot be fully eliminated, one has to take care of its possible influence. Here, we compare the high-vacuum electrospray deposition method to thermal evaporation for the preparation of C60 on

• method can yield single isolated molecules accompanied by surface modifications. Keywords: alkali halide; Au(111); bulk insulator; C60; electrospray; electrospray deposition; fullerene; high-vacuum electrospray deposition (HV-ESD); molecular assembly; nc-AFM; NiO; single molecule; thermal evaporation

• , especially in SPM under UHV conditions. The ease of its thermal evaporation, the organised structure generally obtained, and the potential of its uses have made C60 a model case for on-surface molecular studies [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Two-dimensional C60 layers have been observed on metals [20

Structural and optical characteristics determined by the sputtering deposition conditions of oxide thin films

• Petronela Prepelita,
• Florin Garoi and
• Valentin Craciun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 354–365, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.29

• -frequency magnetron sputtering (rfMS) [27][28][29][30], vacuum thermal evaporation (VTE) [31][32][33], chemical methods [34], reactive ion beam sputter deposition [35], among others. For example, SiO2 and ZnO films obtained by rfMS can be either used as dielectric materials in metasurface structures or as

TiO_x/Pt₃Ti(111) surface-directed formation of electronically responsive supramolecular assemblies of tungsten oxide clusters

• Marco Moors,
• Yun An,
• Agnieszka Kuc and
• Kirill Yu. Monakhov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 203–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.16

• result of thermal evaporation of WO3 powder on the complex TiOx/Pt3Ti(111) surfaces under ultra-high vacuum conditions. The physisorbed tritungsten nano-oxides were found as isolated single units located on the metallic attraction points or as supramolecular self-assemblies with a W3O9-capped hexagonal

• ]. One possibility to achieve this is to create substrate surfaces, whose characteristics would give rise to the nanostructured metal-oxide self-assembly formation. Herein, we demonstrate the potential of this approach using thermal evaporation of WO3 powder under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) on ultrathin

• (600 s at p(O2) = 1.33 × 10−6 mbar) at a sample temperature of 1000 K led to the formation of the w’-TiOx phase. The W3O9 clusters were deposited at room temperature by thermal evaporation of WO3 powder with a purity of 99.9% (Sigma-Aldrich) at 840 °C, resulting in a cluster deposition rate of 0.002

The role of gold atom concentration in the formation of Cu–Au nanoparticles from the gas phase

• Yuri Ya. Gafner,
• Svetlana L. Gafner,
• Darya A. Ryzkova and
• Andrey V. Nomoev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 72–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.6

• control over the composition of the synthesized bimetallic nanoparticles. The fabrication of Cu–Au bimetallic nanoparticles using ion implantation [11] or thermal evaporation in ultrahigh vacuum [12][13] are typical examples of these techniques. Also, in [14], the Cu–Au nanoalloys were deposited onto

Absorption and photoconductivity spectra of amorphous multilayer structures

• Oxana Iaseniuc and
• Mihail Iovu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1757–1763, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.158

• Ge0.30As0.04S0.66, without and with Al electrodes, were prepared by thermal evaporation in vacuum (P = 10−5 Torr) of the synthesized initial glasses onto glass substrates. Longitudinal, instead of lateral, conductivity measurements were carried out. The thickness of each layer was chosen such that the distribution

Seebeck coefficient of silicon nanowire forests doped by thermal diffusion

• Shaimaa Elyamny,
• Elisabetta Dimaggio and
• Giovanni Pennelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1707–1713, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.153

• publication [18]. At first, a Cr (for adhesion)/Cu double metal layer has been deposited by thermal evaporation both on top of the nanowires and on the other side of the silicon wafer, that is, at the bottom of the substrate. The Cu layer on the top has been used as a seed for the electrodeposition of copper

Proximity effect in [Nb(1.5 nm)/Fe(x)]₁₀/Nb(50 nm) superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures

• Yury Khaydukov,
• Sabine Pütter,
• Laura Guasco,
• Roman Morari,
• Gideok Kim,
• Thomas Keller,
• Anatolie Sidorenko and
• Bernhard Keimer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1254–1263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.109

• thermal evaporation from an effusion cell while Nb and Pt were grown by electron beam evaporation. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) was measured in situ during deposition to trace the structure of the atomic layer being deposited. For the RHEED experiment, an electron beam of 15 keV

Highly sensitive detection of estradiol by a SERS sensor based on TiO₂ covered with gold nanoparticles

• Andrea Brognara,
• Ili F. Mohamad Ali Nasri,
• Beatrice R. Bricchi,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay,
• Matteo Ghidelli and
• Nathalie Lidgi-Guigui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1026–1035, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.87

• template for the growth of Au NPs (in the following the samples will be referred as TiO2/Au). Both TiO2 film and Au NPs were synthetized by vapor phase deposition techniques (involving pulsed laser deposition and thermal evaporation) avoiding the use of solvents, while accurately tuning the morphology and

• TiO2/Au nanostructured surfaces TiO2/Au substrates were synthetized using a two-step deposition. First, a nanostructured TiO2 film was synthetized by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Then, a Au NP layer was deposited on top by thermal evaporation of Au followed by solid-state dewetting to induce the

Gas-sensing features of nanostructured tellurium thin films

• Dumitru Tsiulyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1010–1018, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.85

• galvanic displacement of sacrificial cobalt nanowires were employed [15]. Lastly, to grow one-dimensional nanostructures, either template-free electrodeposition of Te, from an ionic liquid binary mixture [16], or thermal evaporation in a furnace under argon gas flow [17] were strategies utilized. The

Label-free highly sensitive probe detection with novel hierarchical SERS substrates fabricated by nanoindentation and chemical reaction methods

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Yongda Yan,
• Li Wang,
• Peng Miao,
• Yimin Han,
• Xinming Zhang,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Yanquan Geng,
• Zhankun Weng,
• Daniel Laipple and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2483–2496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.239

• on the roughened silicon surface by the thermal evaporation method. The higher Raman intensity of the sample at 10−8 mol/L was detected on the Au@Ag particle substrate. A three-dimensional nanostar structure was fabricated by Gopalakrishnan et al. [17] in a circular groove. The electric field

Semitransparent Sb₂S₃ thin film solar cells by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for use in solar windows

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Lothar Weinhardt,
• Monika Blum,
• Clemens Heske,
• Wanli Yang,
• Ilona Oja Acik and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.230

• both conventional ALD and CBD that require several hours to deposit 100 nm thick Sb2S3 films [18][20][21]. Regarding vacuum deposition methods, a PCE of 3.5% was achieved by thermally evaporating 700 nm of Sb2S3 onto planar CdS. The main drawbacks of thermal evaporation and conventional ALD as vacuum

• (99.5% v/v), then dried at 50 °C for 10 min in air, and further dried in vacuum (≤4 × 10−6 torr) for 5 min. The solar cells were completed by depositing the Au counter electrode by thermal evaporation in vacuum (<2 × 10−4 torr). The cells with areas of 1.7 mm2 and 7.1 mm2 were prepared with the use of

Polyvinylpyrrolidone as additive for perovskite solar cells with water and isopropanol as solvents

• Chen Du,
• Shuo Wang,
• Xu Miao,
• Wenhai Sun,
• Yu Zhu,
• Chengyan Wang and
• Ruixin Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2374–2382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.228

• chlorobenzene) at 4500 rpm for 20 s. The above preparation process was carried out under ambient conditions. Finally, the devices were completed by using thermal evaporation and deposited on an Au electrode. Characterization Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images were obtained with a ZEISS