Elasticity, an often-overseen parameter in the development of nanoscale drug delivery systems

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1149–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.95

• uptake for softer particles [30]. Cell uptake is often the first biological evaluation during the development phase besides toxicity and biocompatibility. However, after application, particles first need to reach the cells and overcome several other biological barriers. During uptake, other biological

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• non-radiatively in the form of phonons. The phonons generate heat in these materials [36] (Figure 4C). Transition metal sulfide nanomaterials gain much attention in photothermal applications, because of their low cost, high biocompatibility, and considerably high PCE. Nanoparticles of copper sulfide

• , iron oxide nanoparticles are the most prominent ones because of their biocompatibility, low toxicity, ease of synthesis, and high photothermal conversion efficiency. The influence of a magnetic field can also increase temperature generation by such nanoparticles, which is called magnetic hyperthermia

• nanoparticles in the composite can increase the light absorption through surface plasmon resonance. Hence, graphene-based multifunctional nanocomposite materials could be employed as promising photothermal agents [44]. Polymer-based nanomaterials: Because of high biocompatibility, high PCE, and facile synthesis

Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• , detection, and eradication of cancer cells and biomarkers, with great potential in theranostic applications. Despite these advantages, the design and fabrication of targeted NPs for cancer therapy is still very challenging regarding biocompatibility, pharmacokinetics, in vivo targeting efficacy, and cost

Green SPIONs as a novel highly selective treatment for leishmaniasis: an in vitro study against Leishmania amazonensis intracellular amastigotes

• Brunno R. F. Verçoza,
• Robson R. Bernardo,
• Luiz Augusto S. de Oliveira and
• Juliany C. F. Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 893–903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.73

• exhibit theranostic properties, that is, they can be used simultaneously for diagnosis and therapy. Thus, SPIONs have emerged as one of the best options for the development of new therapeutic methods. SPIONs offer several features such as good biocompatibility, degradability under moderate acid conditions

Industrial perspectives for personalized microneedles

• Remmi Danae Baker-Sediako,
• Benjamin Richter,
• Matthias Blaicher,
• Michael Thiel and
• Martin Hermatschweiler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.70

• microneedles are most often directly printed onto the medical device and aligned to specific features, such as pores, on the device. Direct microneedle printing has its own set of extensive requirements (e.g., biocompatibility of the material, mechanical robustness, and surface adhesion). Also, FDA’s 510(k

A wearable nanoscale heart sound sensor based on P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR and its application in cardiac disease detection

• Yi Luo,
• Jian Liu,
• Jiachang Zhang,
• Yu Xiao,
• Ying Wu and
• Zhidong Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 819–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.67

• polymer material with a wide frequency bandwidth, good biocompatibility, and softness. It is one of the preferred materials for flexible piezoelectric sensors [12]. However, compared to rigid piezoelectric materials such as PZT, pure P(VDF-TrFE) has inferior piezoelectric properties [13]. Researchers have

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• trypanocidal activity against trypomastigotes compared to that of the free drug [18]. Among the aforementioned nanosystems, SLNs have recently gained special attention owing to their biocompatibility properties, biodegradability, relatively easy surface and composition modification, and efficacy in loading and

Carbon nanotube-cellulose ink for rapid solvent identification

• Tiago Amarante,
• Thiago H. R. Cunha,
• Claudio Laudares,
• Ana P. M. Barboza,
• Ana Carolina dos Santos,
• Cíntia L. Pereira,
• Vinicius Ornelas,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• André S. Ferlauto and
• Rodrigo G. Lacerda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 535–543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.44

• has resurfaced recently as a smart material because of its excellent thermal-mechanical properties, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and flexibility [22][23][30][31]. Composites based on carbon nanotubes or graphene and cellulose have been reported for, among other things, humidity and vapor

Nanoarchitectonics to entrap living cells in silica-based systems: encapsulations with yolk–shell and sepiolite nanomaterials

• Celia Martín-Morales,
• Jorge Fernández-Méndez,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 522–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.43

• influence on the characteristics of the final materials. Thus, an optimised protocol yielding biocompatibility and physical stability, as well as suitable transparency to allow for the viability of cyanobacteria was found. Previous results on algae biohybrid systems based on chitosan biocomposites have

• demonstrated great biocompatibility, allowing the cells to survive over long periods of time [38]. However, in the present study using chitosan-based biohybrids, we have observed that the cells did not stay alive for long. The current results point out that chitosan may exhibit antibacterial activity

• . To conclude this section and considering the above-mentioned results, our observations indicate that the utilization of silica gels with low sodium content greatly increases the biocompatibility of the matrix, sustaining the biological activity of the encapsulated microorganisms. However, direct

Microneedle patches – the future of drug delivery and vaccination?

• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 494–495, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.40

• originally developed for the microelectronics industry; they were inevitably made from silicon. Since then, silicon MNs have been largely abandoned in favour of polymer versions because of their superior mechanical properties, biocompatibility, ease of manufacture, and ultimate scalability [5][6]. Polymer

Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

• Chia-Yang Lin and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

• broad light absorption, high photothermal conversion efficiency, biocompatibility, and hydrophilicity. The resulting polymer is highly conjugated due to the aromatization of the ethylamine moiety via cyclization and, accordingly, PDA is widely used as a PTM for SSG applications [43][44][45][46][47][48

New trends in nanobiotechnology

• Pau-Loke Show,
• Kit Wayne Chew,
• Wee-Jun Ong,
• Sunita Varjani and
• Joon Ching Juan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 377–379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.32

• biocompatibility of the nanomaterials is also discussed. The thematic issue also recorded a work on the topic of “Self-assembly of amino acids toward functional biomaterials” [5], where the role of biomaterials in nanobiotechnology is discussed. In this review, the latest advances in amino acid self-assembly and

• works on self-assembly have shown low synthesis cost, ease of modelling, and good biocompatibility of the generated biomolecules. The review discusses the introduction and case studies of different types of self-assembly, applying examples on the application of the method. Finally, the review summarizes

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

• , proteins, vaccines, and nucleotides [2]. In spite of biodegradability and biocompatibility, some studies have also demonstrated a certain concentration-dependent toxicologic profile including a mild inflammatory response after treatment with PLGA nanoparticles [49]. Some authors have suggested that the

Overview of mechanism and consequences of endothelial leakiness caused by metal and polymeric nanoparticles

• Magdalena Lasak and
• Karol Ciepluch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 329–338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.28

• proteins, is determined by the stability, biocompatibility, and solubility of such conjugates, which in turn opens up new perspectives in medical applications [16][42]. Nanotheranostic applications use NPs for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes for serious metabolic, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

• Qixiong Lin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Yanyan Wen,
• Xiaoqiong Li,
• Donglian Du,
• Weibin Dai,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24

• environment (TME) because of immune evasion and cancer targeting abilities [15]. Moreover, biomimetic nanoparticles provide significant advantages regarding biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, and structural support [16]. With the rapid development of biomimetic nanotechnology different types of derived

• insufficient sensitivity of tumor tissue and serious side effects [91]. Thus, exploring more efficient radiosensitizers is a feasible way to improve the efficacy of radiotherapy. By improving the biocompatibility and tumor targeting ability of radiosensitizers, the concentration of radiosensitizers can be

• nanoparticle with radiosensitizing activity, which showed better biocompatibility and tumor targeting after coating with a cancer cell membrane [77]. Volume and weight of tumors in mice treated with biomimetic NPs and irradiation were significantly reduced compared to those of mice treated with bare NPs. The

Cyclodextrins as eminent constituents in nanoarchitectonics for drug delivery systems

• Makoto Komiyama

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 218–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.21

• nanoassemblies (pale green balls in the third row from the top). Due to high biocompatibility and tumor-targeting capacity of HA, these ternary nanoassemblies effectively entered cancer cells. Upon UV irradiation (365 nm), the azobenzene isomerizes from the trans form to the cis form, disassembling the α-CyD

Structural, optical, and bioimaging characterization of carbon quantum dots solvothermally synthesized from o-phenylenediamine

• Zoran M. Marković,
• Milica D. Budimir,
• Martin Danko,
• Dušan D. Milivojević,
• Pavel Kubat,
• Danica Z. Zmejkoski,
• Vladimir B. Pavlović,
• Marija M. Mojsin,
• Milena J. Stevanović and
• Biljana M. Todorović Marković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 165–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.17

• , 11000 Belgrade, Serbia 10.3762/bjnano.14.17 Abstract Carbon quantum dots as a novel type of carbon nanomaterials have attracted the attention of many researchers because of their unique optical, antibacterial, and anticancer properties as well as their biocompatibility. In this study, for the first

• and thermally stable, quasi-spherical, photoluminescent material with very good antibacterial and anticancer properties under visible light irradiation [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. This material has very good biocompatibility, including low dark cytotoxicity and good cell proliferation

• activity including the usage in wound healing [24]. Different authors prepared CQDs by using various precursors and reported on their excellent antibacterial activity and good biocompatibility [25][26][27][28][29]. In this study o-phenylenediamine dissolved in toluene was used as precursor for CQDs

Batch preparation of nanofibers containing nanoparticles by an electrospinning device with multiple air inlets

• Dong Wei,
• Chengwei Ye,
• Adnan Ahmed and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 141–150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.15

• easily sink down, resulting in an uneven distribution of nanoparticles in the obtained fibers [17]. Due to their stable physical and chemical properties, good biocompatibility, excellent photoelectric properties, non-toxicity, strong antibacterial activity and low price, ZnO nanoparticles can be used in

Single-step extraction of small-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes in the presence of riboflavin

• Polina M. Kalachikova,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Eldar M. Khabushev,
• Timofei V. Eremin,
• Timofei S. Zatsepin,
• Elena D. Obraztsova,
• Konstantin V. Larionov,
• Liubov Yu. Antipina,
• Pavel B. Sorokin and
• Albert G. Nasibulin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1564–1571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.130

• biocompatibility of nucleic acids can support biomedical applications of such dispersions. Unfortunately, an extensive ultrasonic treatment required to obtain a dispersion of individual nanotubes might destroy fragile nucleic acid molecules so that their applications are somewhat inhibited. Flavin compounds are

Hydroxyapatite–bioglass nanocomposites: Structural, mechanical, and biological aspects

• Olga Shikimaka,
• Mihaela Bivol,
• Bogdan A. Sava,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Christu Tardei,
• Beatrice G. Sbarcea,
• Daria Grabco,
• Constantin Pyrtsac,
• Daria Topal,
• Andrian Prisacaru,
• Vitalie Cobzac and
• Viorel Nacu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1490–1504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.123

• composition of bone, has a low resorption in physiologic environment and, therefore, does not form a tough bond with the bone [2]. The development of hydroxyapatite–bioglass (HA-BG) composites aimed to overcome this problem [3][4][5]. In these composites, the biocompatibility of HA is combined with the

• favorable for bone cell proliferation, although a high pH value may be detrimental to optimal osteoblast metabolism [14]. It was shown, for example, that values of pH 7.0–7.5 were optimal for osteoclast differentiation and proliferation [57]. MTT assay and biocompatibility of composites Figure 9 shows the

• included in the test. One can see that HAP-based composites demonstrate a good biocompatibility with relative cell viability values between 94% and 99%, very closed to those for the HAP-1200 and HAG-1200 control samples. A somewhat lower biocompatibility is shown by HAG-based composites. It is most

Rapid and sensitive detection of box turtles using an electrochemical DNA biosensor based on a gold/graphene nanocomposite

• Abu Hashem,
• M. A. Motalib Hossain,
• Ab Rahman Marlinda,
• Mohammad Al Mamun,
• Khanom Simarani and
• Mohd Rafie Johan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1458–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.120

• large surface area, high electrical conductivity and electron transfer rate, and it can immobilise diverse molecules, which is ideal for biosensor design [37][38][42]. On the other hand, AuNPs offer outstanding characteristics such as biocompatibility, conductivity, catalytic efficiency, density, and

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

• Yuran Wang,
• Xudong Li,
• Haijun Chen and
• Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

• development of Au- and BODIPY-grafted LNPs using a very simple and convenient method. PTT-induced direct anti-tumor effects through photothermal ablation or hyperthermia have been widely studied [28]. AuNPs are one of the most attractive PTAs for biomedical applications because of their biocompatibility and

Supramolecular assembly of pentamidine and polymeric cyclodextrin bimetallic core–shell nanoarchitectures

• Alexandru-Milentie Hada,
• Nina Burduja,
• Marco Abbate,
• Claudio Stagno,
• Guy Caljon,
• Louis Maes,
• Nicola Micale,
• Massimiliano Cordaro,
• Angela Scala,
• Antonino Mazzaglia and
• Anna Piperno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1361–1369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.112

• structure. In this case, the inner Au component favors cellular entry (typically via endocytosis) and slow release of the Ag+ ions, to which the overall biological activity of the system is ascribed. It all comes down to greater system biocompatibility [2]. Au/Ag BMNPs with a core–shell architecture can be

Application of nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation

• Jia-Cheng Feng and
• Hong Xia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1185–1200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.99

• biocompatibility and plasticity. Nanoarchitectonics for MEGs can be constructed using organic or inorganic materials alone, or organic–inorganic composite nanomaterials [29][30][31]. The energy-harvesting component can gather significant amounts of energy for daily use by employing suitable nanomaterials and an

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles toward highly efficient photocatalysis and antibacterial application

• Vo Thi Thu Nhu,
• Nguyen Duy Dat,
• Le-Minh Tam and
• Nguyen Hoang Phuong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1108–1119, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.94

• ]. These photogenerated electrons and holes migrate to the surface of ZnO to react with H2O and O2 to generate O2•− and •OH radicals, which oxidize organic substances. In addition, ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) have high antibacterial activity against bacteria, high biocompatibility, and are nontoxic to human