Biological and biomimetic materials and surfaces

• Stanislav Gorb and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 403–407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.42

• , Germany, Freiburg Institute for Interactive Materials & Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), 79104 Freiburg, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.8.42 Keywords: adhesion; bio-inspired materials; biomimetics; interfaces; lotus effect; surfaces; This Thematic Series is a tribute to Wilhem Barthlott, a famous German botanist

• be interesting for biologists, physicists, chemists, as well as materials scientists and engineers fascinated by biomimetics. The first article addresses the general relationship between universities, society, industry, and discuss borders within universities, borders in thinking, and the great

• at the Beilstein-Institut for their continuous great support of biology- and biomimetics-related topics in this journal. Stanislav Gorb and Thomas Speck Kiel and Freiburg, December 2016

Structural and tribometric characterization of biomimetically inspired synthetic "insect adhesives"

• Matthias W. Speidel,
• Malte Kleemeier,
• Andreas Hartwig,
• Klaus Rischka,
• Angelika Ellermann,
• Rolf Daniels and
• Oliver Betz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 45–63, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.6

• surfaces [35][36], the molecular biomimetics of the adhesive liquids (adhesives) involved in biological adhesive systems remains in its infancy [37][38]. Emulsion-based glues are widely spread in technology and are deployed not only in casein glues, but also in releasable contact adhesives such as tapes

The cleaner, the greener? Product sustainability assessment of the biomimetic façade paint Lotusan^® in comparison to the conventional façade paint Jumbosil^®

• Florian Antony,
• Rainer Grießhammer,
• Thomas Speck and
• Olga Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2100–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.200

• Florian Antony Rainer Griesshammer Thomas Speck Olga Speck Plant Biomechanics Group, Botanic Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany Öko-Institut e.V., Institute for Applied Ecology, 79017 Freiburg, Germany Competence Network Biomimetics, Germany Freiburg

• Materials Research Center (FMF), 79104 Freiburg, Germany Freiburg Centre for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), 79110 Freiburg, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.7.200 Abstract Background: The debate on the question whether biomimetics has a specific potential to contribute to sustainability is

• -cycle assessment (LCA); Lotus-Effect® technology; Lotusan®; product sustainability assessment (PROSA); Introduction In-depth analyses of functions found in biology and the systematic transfer of the respective operating principles into technical applications is the essential aim of biomimetics [1][2

Biomechanics of selected arborescent and shrubby monocotyledons

• Tom Masselter,
• Tobias Haushahn,
• Samuel Fink and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1602–1619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.154

• . Additionally we shortly discuss the potential significance of such studies for the development of branched and unbranched bio-inspired fibre-reinforced materials and structures with enhanced properties. Keywords: arborescent monocotyledons; biomechanics; biomimetics; Dracaena; functional morphology

The hydraulic mechanism in the hind wing veins of Cybister japonicus Sharp (order: Coleoptera)

• Jiyu Sun,
• Wei Wu,
• Mingze Ling,
• Bharat Bhushan and
• Jin Tong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 904–913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.82

• Jiyu Sun Wei Wu Mingze Ling Bharat Bhushan Jin Tong Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, P. R. China Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLB2); The Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH

Reconstitution of the membrane protein OmpF into biomimetic block copolymer–phospholipid hybrid membranes

• Matthias Bieligmeyer,
• Franjo Artukovic,
• Stephan Nussberger,
• Thomas Hirth,
• Thomas Schiestel and
• Michaela Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 881–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.80

• for the reconstitution of transmembrane proteins under preservation of protein function, independent of the membrane thickness. Keywords: biomimetics; block copolymer; lipopolymer mixture; OmpF reconstitution; self-assembly; Introduction Protein pores facilitate the transfer of molecules across

Electroviscous effect on fluid drag in a microchannel with large zeta potential

• Dalei Jing and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2207–2216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.226

• Dalei Jing Bharat Bhushan School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLB2), The Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1142, USA 10.3762

Exploiting the hierarchical morphology of single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotube films for highly hydrophobic coatings

• Francesco De Nicola,
• Paola Castrucci,
• Manuela Scarselli,
• Francesca Nanni,
• Ilaria Cacciotti and
• Maurizio De Crescenzi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 353–360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.34

• range of stability of the Cassie–Baxter state [14][17]. Conversely, a negative consequence of metastability is that it might prevent or slow down the transition between Wenzel and Cassie–Baxter states [14][17]. Moreover, biomimetics [18][19] may be exploited in order to realize cutting edge artificial

Dry friction of microstructured polymer surfaces inspired by snake skin

• Martina J. Baum,
• Lars Heepe,
• Elena Fadeeva and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1091–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.122

• suggesting a trade-off between these two effects. Keywords: biomimetics; dry friction; microstructure; polymer; snake skin; Introduction Owing to the lack of extremities, the ventral body side of snakes is in almost continuous contact with the substrate. In spite of this, snakes are one of the most

The study of surface wetting, nanobubbles and boundary slip with an applied voltage: A review

• Yunlu Pan,
• Bharat Bhushan and
• Xuezeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1042–1065, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.117

• Yunlu Pan Bharat Bhushan Xuezeng Zhao Mechanical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P.R. China Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLB2), The Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1142, USA 10.3762/bjnano.5.117 Abstract

Scale effects of nanomechanical properties and deformation behavior of Au nanoparticle and thin film using depth sensing nanoindentation

• Dave Maharaj and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 822–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.94

• Dave Maharaj Bharat Bhushan Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio-& Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLBB), The Ohio State University, 201 W.19th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1142, USA 10.3762/bjnano.5.94 Abstract Nanoscale research of bulk solid surfaces, thin films and micro- and nano-objects has shown

The surface microstructure of cusps and leaflets in rabbit and mouse heart valves

• Xia Ye,
• Bharat Bhushan,
• Ming Zhou and
• Weining Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 622–629, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.73

• Xia Ye Bharat Bhushan Ming Zhou Weining Lei School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou Jiangsu 213001, China Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLB2), The Ohio State University, 201 W 19th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA Center of

• fabrication of valve substitutes or partial substitutes. Namely, the model may help ameliorate heart valve replacement surgery. Keywords: contact angle; geometric parameter; heart valve; hemocompatibility; microstructure; Introduction Bionics, or biomimetics, have made tremendous developments in the past

Hairy suckers: the surface microstructure and its possible functional significance in the Octopus vulgaris sucker

• Francesca Tramacere,
• Esther Appel,
• Barbara Mazzolai and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 561–565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.66

• may provide an additional adhesive mechanism that works in concert with suction. The discovered surface structures might be potentially interesting for biomimetics of novel technical suction cups with improved adhesion capabilities on non-smooth surfaces. Keywords: adhesion; attachment; Mollusca

• (acetabular protuberance and infundibulum). Considering the substantial interest of engineers in this biological system as a source of inspiration [7][8][9][10] for biomimetics of novel technical suction cups, our findings may provide an interesting idea for improving the adhesion capability of artificial

• supported by a grant from COST Action TD0906 “Biological Adhesives: from Biology to Biomimetics” (COST-STSM-TD0906-11884).

Effect of spherical Au nanoparticles on nanofriction and wear reduction in dry and liquid environments

• Dave Maharaj and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 759–772, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.85

• Dave Maharaj Bharat Bhushan Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLBB), The Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1142, USA 10.3762/bjnano.3.85 Abstract Nano-object additives are used in tribological applications as well as in various

Friction and durability of virgin and damaged skin with and without skin cream treatment using atomic force microscopy

• Bharat Bhushan,
• Si Chen and
• Shirong Ge

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 731–746, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.83

• Bharat Bhushan Si Chen Shirong Ge Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics, The Ohio State University, 201 W 19th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210 USA Institute of Tribology and Reliability Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116 China 10.3762

Analysis of fluid flow around a beating artificial cilium

• Mojca Vilfan,
• Gašper Kokot,
• Andrej Vilfan,
• Natan Osterman,
• Blaž Kavčič,
• Igor Poberaj and
• Dušan Babič

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 163–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.16

• frequency, the asymmetry of the beat pattern, and the cilium length. We also calculated the velocity field around the beating cilium by using the analytical far-field expansion. The measured average flow velocity and the theoretical prediction show an excellent agreement. Keywords: biomimetics; fluid flow

Impact of cell shape in hierarchically structured plant surfaces on the attachment of male Colorado potato beetles (Leptinotarsa decemlineata)

• Bettina Prüm,
• Robin Seidel,
• Holger Florian Bohn and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 57–64, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.7

• Biomimetics, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.3.7 Abstract Plant surfaces showing hierarchical structuring are frequently found in plant organs such as leaves, petals, fruits and stems. In our study we focus on the level of cell shape and on the level of superimposed microstructuring

The effect of surface anisotropy in the slippery zone of Nepenthes alata pitchers on beetle attachment

• Elena V. Gorb and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 302–310, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.35

• tribological properties of natural surfaces in general, and the present paper opens a new field in the biomechanics and biomimetics of this kind of system. Here, we were able to establish the first artificial prototypes of anisotropic surface structures by a two-step replicating process. In the framework of a

Determination of object position, vortex shedding frequency and flow velocity using artificial lateral line canals

• Adrian Klein and
• Horst Bleckmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 276–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.32

• cylinder. Keywords: artificial lateral line; biomimetics; flow sensor; mechanoreception; optical sensor; Introduction Nature has invented a stunning diversity of sensory systems whose small size and high sensitivity is so far unmatched by man-made devices. Flow sensors based on hairs are located on the

Functional morphology, biomechanics and biomimetic potential of stem–branch connections in Dracaena reflexa and Freycinetia insignis

• Tom Masselter,
• Sandra Eckert and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 173–185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.21

• Tom Masselter Sandra Eckert Thomas Speck Plant Biomechanics Group Freiburg, Botanic Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany Competence Network Biomimetics and Bionics Competence Network BIOKON e.V 10.3762/bjnano.2.21 Abstract Branching in

• using solutions inspired by plant ramifications, e.g., in automotive and aerospace engineering, architecture, sports equipment and prosthetic manufacturing. Keywords: Biomimetics; branching; Dracaena reflexa; Freycinetia insignis; monocotyledons; Introduction One of the most conspicuous features of

Biomimetic materials

• Wilhelm Barthlott and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 135–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.16

• biological systems for a technical application began astonishingly quite late: Bionics and biomimetics became important only after 1960, and it was only in the new millennium they became worldwide disciplines with high potentials for innovation. An apparently simple observation can lead to new materials

Biomimetics inspired surfaces for drag reduction and oleophobicity/philicity

• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 66–84, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.9

• Bharat Bhushan Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLB²), The Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1142, USA 10.3762/bjnano.2.9 Abstract The emerging field of biomimetics allows one to mimic biology or nature to develop nanomaterials

• behavior of oil droplets on various superoleophobic surfaces created in the lab. Keywords: aquatic animals; biomimetics; drag; lotus plants; shark skin; superhydrophobicity; superoleophobicity; Introduction Biologically inspired design, adaptation, or derivation from nature is referred to as ‘biomimetics

• micropatterned surfaces with C20F42 as shown in Figure 11 and Table 3. Conclusion Biomimetics allows one to mimic biology or nature and for engineers to develop materials and devices of commercial interest. Properties of biological materials and surfaces result from a complex interplay between surface morphology

Review of "Contact Mechanics and Friction: Physical Principles and Applications" by Valentin L. Popov

• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 57–58, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.7

• impact on the performance of the system [6]. Since biological examples are increasingly used to design novel technical systems (biomimetics), such as friction-induced worm-like motion, artificial joints for medical applications, gecko-inspired sticky tapes, etc., the book might aid in guiding such

• therefore, can be used also by scientists specializing in biological surface science, biomechanics, experimental biology, and biomimetics. These scientists will find concise and precise models that aid quantitative description of surface phenomena in biology. The chapters of the book illustrate a few