Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges

• Piotr Gadziński,
• Anna Froelich,
• Monika Wojtyłko,
• Antoni Białek,
• Julia Krysztofiak and
• Tomasz Osmałek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98

• ], calcium sulfate and gelatin [135], gelatin and hydroxyapatite [136], and PLGA microparticles combined with PLA [137] are available in the scientific literature. Taking into consideration the shape and geometry of microneedles, they can be categorized as pyramids, cones, arrowheads, cylinders, bullets

Biomimetic chitosan with biocomposite nanomaterials for bone tissue repair and regeneration

• Se-Kwon Kim,
• Sesha Subramanian Murugan,
• Pandurang Appana Dalavi,
• Sebanti Gupta,
• Sukumaran Anil,
• Gi Hun Seong and
• Jayachandran Venkatesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1051–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.92

• , osteoblasts generate a membrane that includes alkaline phosphatase, which cleaves phosphatase groups and causes calcium and phosphate precipitation, resulting in the formation of natural bone minerals with a ratio of 1.67 [27]. Osteoblasts have been predominantly derived from mesenchymal stem cells, which

• materials should be in the form of inorganic and organic composites. To mimic the inorganic portion, researchers have tried to utilize calcium phosphate materials due to their similarity to the native tissue. To mimic the organic portion of the bone, several materials including polymers, proteins, and

• role in the controlled release of AgNPs at the implanted site and also behave as biocompatible scaffolds. Wang et al. (2019) developed a system containing hydroxyapatite and silver-based composites and electrodeposited those onto titanium implants and chitosan to regulate silver ion and calcium ion

Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications

• Hendrik Bargel,
• Vanessa T. Trossmann,
• Christoph Sommer and
• Thomas Scheibel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81

• adhesion. Selectins bind to carbohydrates based on calcium-dependent regulation, cadherins form mostly homotypic contacts also in a calcium-regulated manner, while the IgSF subfamily of nectins is able to form both homotypic and heterotypic interactions [10]. Comprehensive overviews of molecular structure

• formation in the nervous system [9]. The structural integrity of cadherin molecules is stabilized by calcium ions, and their essential role in proper adhesion contacts is reflected in the abbreviated protein family name “calcium-dependent adherent proteins” [14]. The N-terminal domain of cadherin dimers on

• into several subfamilies, including nectins and selectins. Whereas nectins mediate cell–cell adhesion in various tissues including endothelium, epithelium, and neural tissue [12], selectins are single-chain transmembrane glycoproteins that mediate calcium-dependent binding to sugar moieties [10]. Their

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• nanotubes exhibit considerable results regarding bone TE due to their ability to provide a surface with proper roughness, which facilitates osteoblast attachment and proliferation, and can provide an active site for the deposition of inorganic calcium apatite [138]. In addition to silica, titanium dioxide

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• of a protective oxide film. These properties makes it a material of choice for implants. Additionally, a thin calcium phosphate coating has been shown to improve the biocompatibility and osteoconductivity of implants [56]. To augment osseointegration and tissue generation, as well as to reduce

• surface chemistry play a significant role in the interaction between proteins and cells and the material surface. It has also been shown that hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphate mimics the chemical composition of natural bone. Thus, with the use of these components in the coating, TiO2 implants have

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

The nanomorphology of cell surfaces of adhered osteoblasts

• Christian Voelkner,
• Mirco Wendt,
• Regina Lange,
• Max Ulbrich,
• Martina Gruening,
• Susanne Staehlke,
• Barbara Nebe,
• Ingo Barke and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 242–256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.20

• Osteoblasts are bone-mineralizing cells situated inside the matrix boundaries of the osteoid. They can release matrix vesicles containing calcium and phosphate, eventually leading to precipitation and growth of bone mineral [1][2]. They adhere to and spread on a wide spectrum of pristine and coated material

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• amorphous calcium phosphate particles for enhanced adhesive applications [124]. The spray pyrolysis process requires using an atomizer, a tube furnace, a reaction tube, a collection filter, and a vacuum pump [124]. This method is also often used for production of metal powders and demonstrates less

Cardiomyocyte uptake mechanism of a hydroxyapatite nanoparticle mediated gene delivery system

• Hiroaki Komuro,
• Masahiro Yamazoe,
• Kosuke Nozaki,
• Akiko Nagai and
• Tetsuo Sasano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1685–1692, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.150

• regarding safety has attracted significant attention [4][5]. The calcium phosphate (CaP) co-precipitation method has been extensively used for gene delivery due to its excellent biocompatibility and simple preparation [6]. CaP is commonly considered as one of the most important inorganic materials for

• , this method may provide a solution to the current problem of using calcium phosphate. The cellular uptake performance is important for a successful vector-mediated gene transfection. In the cellular uptake process, the internalization pathway is an essential factor to prevent the fate of lysosomal

• the presence than in the absence of HAp (Figure 5). Extracellular calcium ions are proposed to act as a stimulant for triggering macropinocytosis in macrophages and neurons [25][36]. The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is expressed in cardiomyocytes as well as in various other cells [37

PTCDA adsorption on CaF₂ thin films

• Philipp Rahe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1615–1622, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.144

• on CaF2(111) of nearly flat-lying PTCDA molecules with two oxygen atoms displaced towards calcium surface ions. This geometry is in agreement with the experimental observations. Keywords: calcium difluoride; decoupling; insulating thin film; 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA

• flat-lying geometry is found from geometry-optimisation calculations of a single PTCDA molecule on a CaF2 slab using DFT, whereby an interaction between two carbonyl oxygen atoms and two surface calcium ions leads to a slight deformation of the PTCDA molecule. Methods Sample preparation and STM

• that two of the four carbonyl oxygen atoms are displaced out of the PTCDA plane towards a surface calcium ion. An attraction between the molecular oxygen and surface calcium atoms is suggested from an oxygen–calcium distance of about 2.8 Å. Note that this distance is larger than 2.4 Å recently found

Protruding hydrogen atoms as markers for the molecular orientation of a metallocene

• Linda Laflör,
• Michael Reichling and
• Philipp Rahe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1432–1438, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.127

• of the ferrocene moiety, herein on CaF2(111) surfaces, by using the protruding hydrogen atoms as markers. Keywords: calcium fluoride (CaF2); ferrocene; functionalised tips; high-resolution imaging; non-contact atomic force microscopy; Introduction It is still a challenge to determine the precise

Transient coating of γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles with glutamate for its delivery to and removal from brain nerve terminals

• Konstantin Paliienko,
• Artem Pastukhov,
• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Olga Vasylchenko and
• Tatiana Borisova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1381–1393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.122

• [39]. The neuronal release of glutamate modulates the blood–brain barrier function, through activation of N-methyl-ᴅ-aspartate (NMDA) receptors [40]. Glutamate increased intracellular calcium levels in endothelial cells and levels of nitrogen oxide (NO) around microvessels. These results can be

• considered in support of a mechanism of glutamate-induced activation of NMDA receptors in endothelial cells, which leads to calcium signaling and downstream NO production to promote blood–brain barrier permeability [38]. Thus, it may be expected that glutamate-conjugated γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles can more easily

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

• Maria Suciu,
• Corina M. Ionescu,
• Alexandra Ciorita,
• Septimiu C. Tripon,
• Dragos Nica,
• Hani Al-Salami and
• Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

Plant growth regulation by seed coating with films of alginate and auxin-intercalated layered double hydroxides

• Vander A. de Castro,
• Valber G. O. Duarte,
• Danúbia A. C. Nobre,
• Geraldo H. Silva,
• Vera R. L. Constantino,
• Frederico G. Pinto,
• Willian R. Macedo and
• Jairo Tronto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1082–1091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.93

• All reagents used in this work were of analytical purity: Zn(NO3)2·6H2O (96.0%) and Al(NO3)3·9H2O (98.5%) were provided by Dinâmica; 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (C12H10O2, 97.0%), acetonitrile (C2H3N, 99.8%), sodium alginate (NaC6H7O6, >99.0%) and calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2, (99.0%) were supplied by Vetec

A 3D-polyphenylalanine network inside porous alumina: Synthesis and characterization of an inorganic–organic composite membrane

• Jonathan Stott and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 938–951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.78

• over calcium hydride and sodium/benzophenone, respectively. For recrystallization n-pentane was dried by distillation over sodium/potassium eutectic alloy. SEM measurements were performed with an XL30 FEG (Philips) system. Contact angles and NIR-spectroscopic analysis were performed with DSA30 (Krüss

Three-dimensional solvation structure of ethanol on carbonate minerals

• Hagen Söngen,
• Ygor Morais Jaques,
• Peter Spijker,
• Christoph Marutschke,
• Stefanie Klassen,
• Ilka Hermes,
• Ralf Bechstein,
• Lidija Zivanovic,
• John Tracey,
• Adam S. Foster and
• Angelika Kühnle

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 891–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.74

• bind towards calcite with their hydroxy group placed in between a surface calcium ion and a surface carbonate: The oxygen of the hydroxy group binds towards a calcium ion, while the hydrogen of the hydroxy group binds towards a carbonate group, which is similar to the bonding configuration of an

• between a calcium and a carbonate ion. This is in accordance with the previous MD simulations [14][15][16][17], which have shown that ethanol arranges in a ordered first layer above calcite, where one ethanol molecule binds towards one CaCO3 unit. The oxygen is closer to the cation (Ca/Mg) and the

• ), hydroxy–oxygen (red) and hydroxy–hydrogen (blue) at the (a) calcite–ethanol and (c) magnesite–ethanol interface. The graphs were created by drawing a semi-transparent dot for each atom at each time step of the simulation. The surfaces are represented by the carbonate groups (grey) and calcium (yellow) and

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

• size and dissolve under mild conditions at pH < 3 or by using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) without affecting the PE multilayer shell. They do not form any complexes with PEs and provided intact hollow capsules after core dissolution [30]. Cores such as calcium, cadmium and manganese carbonate

• capsules from high osmotic pressure and for encapsulation of macromolecules [32]. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) cores have been widely used with many combinations of weak PEs to fabricate hollow capsules as in case of PAH/PMA capsules, Figure 2e [29]. More recently, hybrid CaCO3 templates built in with other

Facile biogenic fabrication of hydroxyapatite nanorods using cuttlefish bone and their bactericidal and biocompatibility study

• Satheeshkumar Balu,
• Manisha Vidyavathy Sundaradoss,
• Swetha Andra and
• Jaison Jeevanandam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 285–295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.21

• Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Miri, Sarawak 98009, Malaysia 10.3762/bjnano.11.21 Abstract Cuttlefish bones are an inexpensive source of calcium carbonate, which are produced in large amounts by the marine food industry, leading to environmental contamination and waste. The

• nontoxicity, worldwide availability and low production cost of cuttlefish bone products makes them an excellent calcium carbonate precursor for the fabrication of hydroxyapatite. In the present study, a novel oil-bath-mediated precipitation method was introduced for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (Hap

• ; cuttlefish bone; hard tissue treatment; hydroxyapatite; nanorods; Introduction Generally, the hard tissue of humans and animals, such as bone and teeth, are composed of natural hydroxyapatite (Hap), which is a bioactive ceramic material with high calcium phosphate concentration whereby the material can

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

Advanced hybrid nanomaterials

• Andreas Taubert,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Pierre Rabu and
• Verónica de Zea Bermudez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2563–2567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.247

• nanostructuration and related issues. Nanofillers Nanocomposites remain a vast playground for research into new hybrid systems. A common approach for polymer fillers presented in this thematic issue is their use as organo-modified layered double hydroxides (LDHs) or new layered calcium phenylphosphonates, as well

• hydrophobicity and lipophilicity. Exfoliated nanosheets of layered calcium phenylphosphonate assisted by solvent were used in “Layered calcium phenylphosphonate: a hybrid material for a new generation of nanofillers” to promote the mechanical properties and improve the barrier effect for applications such as

Bombesin receptor-targeted liposomes for enhanced delivery to lung cancer cells

• Mohammad J. Akbar,
• Pâmela C. Lukasewicz Ferreira,
• Melania Giorgetti,
• Leanne Stokes and
• Christopher J. Morris

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2553–2562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.246

• , Tyr4-Bn. A dose-dependent increase in intracellular calcium release was observed for NCI-H345 but not the GRPR deficient SCLC line, NCI-H82 (Figure 1a,b), as previously reported [17][18]. The physiological role of GRPR includes the stimulation of a mitogenic response after receptor internalisation [19

• ). Sources of other exceptional items are mentioned in the text. Calcium release assay NCI-H345 and NCI-H82 cells were loaded with 2 µM Fura-2AM (Thermo Fisher, UK) in Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) loading buffer containing sulfinpyrazone at 37 °C for 40–60 minutes. Following loading, the buffer was

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

• removal [13]. Amongst the prospective solid catalysts designed for transesterification reactions, such as calcium [14] and other metal oxides [15], metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) [10], silica-supported catalysts [16], biochar [17] and other biomass-derived catalysts [18], zeolites and molecular sieves

• outperform them in terms of stability and ability for regeneration. Experimental Materials and chemicals used in the preparation of CaO- and ETS-10-based catalysts Calcium oxide of technical grade (Centrochem Co., Serbia) was used as a precursor in the preparation of CaO-based catalysts. For the preparation

Long-term entrapment and temperature-controlled-release of SF₆ gas in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)

• Hana Bunzen,
• Andreas Kalytta-Mewes,
• Leo van Wüllen and
• Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1851–1859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.180

• to obtain kinetic parameters during a mass loss [30][31]. Until now it has been mainly used to study organic polymers (e.g., poly(ethylene) and poly(styrene)) and simple inorganic compounds (e.g., calcium carbonate and calcium oxalate) [31]. Here we used the method to estimate the activation energy

Tailoring the stability/aggregation of one-dimensional TiO₂(B)/titanate nanowires using surfactants

• Atiđa Selmani,
• Johannes Lützenkirchen,
• Kristina Kučanda,
• Dario Dabić,
• Engelbert Redel,
• Ida Delač Marion,
• Damir Kralj,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin and
• Maja Dutour Sikirić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1024–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.103

• different solution and interfacial behavior compared to corresponding conventional monomeric surfactants [32][33][34]. The interaction of gemini surfactants with solid (nano)surfaces such as clay [35], calcium phosphate [36], silica [37][38][39][40], TiO2 [41], ZnO [42] and carbon NTs [43] have been

Ultrathin hydrophobic films based on the metal organic framework UiO-66-COOH(Zr)

• Miguel A. Andrés,
• Clemence Sicard,
• Christian Serre,
• Olivier Roubeau and
• Ignacio Gascón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 654–665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.65

• OPD/MOF ultrathin films have been fabricated onto glass, calcium fluoride, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), Si(100) substrates and mica and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM

• inspection. IR spectra were obtained using a Perking Elmer Spectrum 100 spectrometer operated in transmission mode for films and in attenuated total reflectance (ATR) mode for powder samples. The films were deposited onto calcium fluoride windows. Water contact angle measurements were performed on different