Quasi-guided modes resulting from the band folding effect in a photonic crystal slab for enhanced interactions of matters with free-space radiations

• Kaili Sun,
• Yangjian Cai,
• Uriel Levy and
• Zhanghua Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 322–328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.27

• . Plasmonic nanoantennas [3], although with relatively low Q-factors resulting from material dissipation, still provide a large level of field enhancement due to the deep-subwavelength level of mode confinement. As new alternatives to plasmonic nanostructures, all-dielectric nanostructures supporting Mie

• and the mode volume [26]. For periodic structures, a discussion of the mode volume calculation can be found in [28]. The intermediate mode confinement within the photonic crystal slab structure and the ultrahigh Q-factors of the QGMs make it possible to obtain a huge electric field enhancement. Figure

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• semimetals. Bi atoms form puckered bilayers of atoms perpendicular to the rhombohedral plane with three equidistant nearest neighbours and three equidistant next-nearest neighbours that are slightly farther away. Bi is widely used in photocatalysis, in part because of its quantum confinement effect, which is

• visible in Bi nanowires with a diameter of around 1–3 nm, but as the diameter increased, they became less visible because of the intense quantum confinement effect. In addition to the electronic properties of Bi, its outstanding optical properties have a big impact on how effective it is as a

• photocatalyst. Bulk Bi exhibits high interband electronic transition rates that result in a negative ultraviolet–visible permittivity and a large infrared refractive index. Numerous investigations have shown that the quantum confinement effect affects the optical properties of Bi [25][71][72][73][74][75][76][77

Structural, optical, and bioimaging characterization of carbon quantum dots solvothermally synthesized from o-phenylenediamine

• Zoran M. Marković,
• Milica D. Budimir,
• Martin Danko,
• Dušan D. Milivojević,
• Pavel Kubat,
• Danica Z. Zmejkoski,
• Vladimir B. Pavlović,
• Marija M. Mojsin,
• Milena J. Stevanović and
• Biljana M. Todorović Marković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 165–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.17

• from this, surface defects can cause a redshift of the PL emission [35]. Based on the recorded PL spectra, we can conclude that the PL of these dots is dominantly governed by the core states in the conjugated π domains and the quantum confinement effect. Similar to other semiconducting quantum dots

• of CQDs are blueshifted compared to the PL emission of neat CQDs, and the highest PL emission intensity is measured at 430 nm for an excitation wavelength of 380 nm (CQDs/PU samples emit blue light). In this way, the PL of CQDs/PU samples is affected by the quantum confinement effect. Reactive oxygen

Combining physical vapor deposition structuration with dealloying for the creation of a highly efficient SERS platform

• Adrien Chauvin,
• Walter Puglisi,
• Damien Thiry,
• Cristina Satriano,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.10

• by the confinement effect which slows down the dealloying process in smaller pores since etching byproducts stay trapped and limit further dealloying of the structure. In other words, the extraction of AlCl3 formed during dealloying and confined in small pores is difficult since no solution agitation

• is applied, making the dealloying kinetics slower. As highlighted by the SEM images (Figure 3), the pores are smaller for low initial amounts of silver, thus the byproduct confinement effect is more likely to happen. Then, we studied the influence of the initial Ag content and the dealloying time on

• the thin film, the aluminum residue is lower for the sample dealloyed in HCl. On the other hand, a higher amount of aluminum residue after etching in HCl for the lowest amount of silver at the initial state might be due to the confinement effect discussed before. This affects the dealloying kinetics

Double-layer symmetric gratings with bound states in the continuum for dual-band high-Q optical sensing

• Chaoying Shi,
• Jinhua Hu,
• Xiuhong Liu,
• Junfang Liang,
• Jijun Zhao,
• Haiyan Han and
• Qiaofen Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1408–1417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.116

• . It can be concluded from Equation 5 that the larger the confinement factor Γ the stronger the capacity of the cavity to confine the optical field. The calculation results are presented in Table 1. With respect to mode 1, the increase in cavity length leads to a decrease in the confinement capacity of

• the cavity to light (Γ decreases from 0.5381 to 0.3782). On the contrary, since most of the light in mode 2 is trapped inside the cavity, the increase of h improves the confinement capacity of the cavity (Γ increases from 0.6344 to 0.7513). Here, the flexible choice of cavity length enables to

• compress the effective volume for the resonant mode, which results in an enhanced confinement of the cavity to the optical field and an improved Q-factor. As discussed above, we can obtain a high-Q-factor resonance by reducing α. In addition, the high Q-factor can also be achieved by varying the cavity

Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

• dimensionality, it was projected that there would be a significant confinement effect and enlarged bandgap energy. Additionally, an upshift of the CB and a downshift of the VB were also measured [48][50]. The preparation process can be used to modify the electrical structure of Bi-based semiconductors. Most Bi

• . It has been shown that the hydrothermal method of fabricating Bi-based semiconductor photocatalysts offers some significant benefits. Nanostructured materials have several advantages, including a more adaptable area for more detailed reconstruction, confinement effects, superior mechanical stability

Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• sensing materials [95][96][97]. Due to the confinement effect from the porous space, chiral MOFs with suitable recognition sites may improve the stereoselectivity of chiral sensing [98]. Zhu et al. designed a homochiral MOF sensor based on [Zn(L)(2,2′-bipy)]·H2O, which could achieve the quantitative

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

Numerical study on all-optical modulation characteristics of quantum cascade lasers

• Biao Wei,
• Haijun Zhou,
• Guangxiang Li and
• Bin Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1011–1019, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.88

• equations (FRE) [18] as Equations 1–4 shows, where n0 is the cavity index, gc is the gain cross section, c is the speed of light. ΓP is the optical confinement factor per stage, α is the laser total loss. NP the total number of stages, 1/τk,i is the rate of electron scattered from subband k to subband i, 1

Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly

• Lingling Xia,
• Qinyue Wang and
• Ming Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67

• steric effects. Confined environments offer geometrical confinement and local flow with shear forces, which were particularly effective for generating laminar stacking structures. The packed coordination polymers showed unique mechanical properties and performed excellent in batteries and pollutant

Tunable high-quality-factor absorption in a graphene monolayer based on quasi-bound states in the continuum

• Jun Wu,
• Yasong Sun,
• Feng Wu,
• Biyuan Wu and
• Xiaohu Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 675–681, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.59

• perfect light confinement and giant field enhancement [25][26][27][28][29]. Hence, quasi-BICs can be utilized to design narrow-band absorbers with high Q-factor. Tunable absorption is interesting regarding many potential applications. There are generally two ways to achieve tunable absorption. One is to

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• promoted strong light confinement, and the increased number of adsorption sites due to the branched ZnO nanostructures. Despite the fact that ZnO is a non-plasmonic semiconductor material, it can elicit a degree of SERS effect via chemical enhancement of atomic vibrational modes of the analyte. Kim et al

The role of sulfonate groups and hydrogen bonding in the proton conductivity of two coordination networks

• Ali Javed,
• Felix Steinke,
• Stephan Wöhlbrandt,
• Hana Bunzen,
• Norbert Stock and
• Michael Tiemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 437–443, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.36

• /or deprotonated/protonated sulfonate groups (–SO3−/–SO3H) within the crystals. Spatial confinement may hinder proton hopping to some extent, which is why activation energies larger than in bulk liquid water are frequently observed in such materials (up to 0.4 eV) [25]. In contrast, when proton

Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle clusters

• Xue Wang,
• Lili Xuan and
• Ying Pan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 255–264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.20

• , whereas exposure to and subsequent absorption of NIR light by iron oxide nanoparticles promotes NIR-induced hyperthermia [10]. Although magnetic hyperthermia has been widely used in biomedical research, it is subject to several limitations such as the need for sophisticated equipment, cellular confinement

Impact of electron–phonon coupling on electron transport through T-shaped arrangements of quantum dots in the Kondo regime

• Patryk Florków and
• Stanisław Lipiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1209–1225, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.89

• impact of electron–phonon coupling on both strong correlations and interference. We perform a discussion for quantum dots arranged in single (TQD) or double (DTQD) T-shaped geometries (see below Figure 1). Due to the quantum confinement, there may be also a confined phonon located in a single QD or

Open-loop amplitude-modulation Kelvin probe force microscopy operated in single-pass PeakForce tapping mode

• Gheorghe Stan and
• Pradeep Namboodiri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1115–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.83

• cantilever) of an AFM probe accumulate to influence the CPD measured by KPFM. In AM-KPFM implementations especially, the CPD values are receptive to non-local capacitive couplings that degrade the tip-confinement sensitivity over heterogeneous samples [25][36][47]. Conversely, FM-based KPFM methods operate

First-principles study of the structural, optoelectronic and thermophysical properties of the π-SnSe for thermoelectric applications

• Muhammad Atif Sattar,
• Najwa Al Bouzieh,
• Maamar Benkraouda and
• Noureddine Amrane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1101–1114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.82

• filtering [21], and quantum confinement effects [22]). Many of these methods focus on reducing the lattice thermal conductivity and try to preserve a high power factor (PF). On the other hand, a high figure of merit can be obtained in pristine TE materials that have intrinsically minimal thermal

Assessment of the optical and electrical properties of light-emitting diodes containing carbon-based nanostructures and plasmonic nanoparticles: a review

• Keshav Nagpal,
• Erwan Rauwel,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Protima Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1078–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.80

• saturated colors with a narrow bandwidth of EL (full width at half maximum ≈30 nm) have made the QLED attractive [90][91]. In effect, owing to the quantum confinement of CdSe QD, a decrease in particle size blueshifts the emission. Thus, their emission can be tuned to the entire visible spectrum by varying

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• . Sulfur–porous carbon composites Hollow and porous carbon structures may not only increase cathode conductivity, but can also allow for physical confinement of long-chain sodium polysulfides and reduce the structural damage caused by sulfur volume expansion [4][11]. This makes sulfur–porous carbon

• composites remarkably promising cathode materials for RT Na–S batteries. Among the different studied materials are, for instance, microporous (Figure 3) and ultramicroporous carbon materials, which have shown a considerable ability to confine sulfur and sodium polysulfides [29][30]. This confinement

• . Moreover, the carbon structure in the cathode has mesopores and, therefore, can confine a certain amount of sulfur and polysulfides. In addition to the confinement, the generated polysulfides can also be anchored by the partially oxidated sulfur–carbon units (R-SO) and form insoluble surface-bound

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of water in aqueous dispersions of silver nanoparticles

• Paulina Filipczak,
• Krzysztof Hałagan,
• Jacek Ulański and
• Marcin Kozanecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 497–506, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.40

• water, with only a weak band at approx. 3400 cm−1 present in the OH stretching vibration region. Additional factors, such as confinement effects or the presence of some solutes, are common in the research of the SERS effect of water [33][34]. In our previous work, we compared, for the first time

ZnO and MXenes as electrode materials for supercapacitor devices

• Ameen Uddin Ammar,
• Ipek Deniz Yildirim,
• Feray Bakan and
• Emre Erdem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 49–57, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.4

• , which is expected due to the quantum confinement effect [13]. Another crucially important optical characterization technique for the investigation of defects is Raman spectroscopy. The phonon vibration modes are highly sensitive to the existence of point defects, which are reflected in distinct spectral

• . Nanometer-sized ZnO shows a significant increase in bandgap due to quantum confinement effects [7][8][9]. (d) Structural changes of ZnO during the size reduction from bulk to the nanoscale can be tracked via Raman spectroscopy. Nanoscale ZnO exhibits significant blueshift, broadening, and softening of the

Kondo effects in small-bandgap carbon nanotube quantum dots

• Patryk Florków,
• Damian Krychowski and
• Stanisław Lipiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1873–1890, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.169

• effects of interaction play a more fundamental role. Carbon nanotubes are quasi one-dimensional systems, and the role of correlations further increases in quantum dots due to additional confinement. Of importance is also the low dielectric constant, which is especially low in suspended nanotubes [36]. A

• magnetic fields do not close the bandgap due to a finite confinement energy. Figure 8b shows the field dependencies of four states from the lowest electron shell and four states from the highest hole shell of the quantum dot CNTQD(33,30). No crossing of the electron line with the hole line is observed for

Piezotronic effect in AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterojunction nanowires used as a flexible strain sensor

• Jianqi Dong,
• Liang Chen,
• Yuqing Yang and
• Xingfu Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1847–1853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.166

• semiconductor nanowires (NWs) have been extensively studied in recent years due to the predominant mechanical flexibility caused by a large surface-to-volume ratio and unique electrical and optical properties induced by the 1D quantum confinement effect. Herein, we use a top-down two-step preparation method to

• the study of the piezotronic effect than nanofilms or bulk materials since the smaller physical size and larger surface-to-volume ratio of 1D NWs yields superior mechanical properties [4][10]. In addition, 1D semiconductor NWs can increase the electron mobility and achieve the confinement of light

• based on the 1D quantum confinement effect. Hence, the unique electrical and optical properties of 1D semiconductor NWs have attracted research interest from the field of nanogenerators [11][12][13][14] and NW-based strain sensors [15][16][17][18][19]. Strain sensors can convert mechanical deformation

Nonadiabatic superconductivity in a Li-intercalated hexagonal boron nitride bilayer

• Kamila A. Szewczyk,
• Izabela A. Domagalska,
• Artur P. Durajski and
• Radosław Szczęśniak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1178–1189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.102

• resistance), the crossover to superconductivity (50% of the normal resistance), and the confinement of vortices, respectively. The important question is whether the Li-hBN bilayer system yield the high critical temperature that was suggested from DFT calculations (TC = 25 K) [41]. We think that this not the