Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

• ., 873 K) for 6 h. Such thermal treatment might cause cracks in part of the framework, for example, separating two adjacent mesopores, leading to merging into a larger void. It was reported that the ETS-10 framework can collapse at temperatures above 920 K [41]. To determine this critical temperature

• , which might vary for titanosilicates prepared under different conditions, DTA was conducted where a critical temperature of ≈950 K was determined (Figure 11). This is only 77 K higher than the calcination temperature employed, which might be sufficient to introduce such cracks upon heating. On the other

Superconducting switching due to a triplet component in the Pb/Cu/Ni/Cu/Co₂Cr_1−xFe_xAl_y spin-valve structure

• Andrey Andreevich Kamashev,
• Nadir Nurgayazovich Garif’yanov,
• Aidar Azatovich Validov,
• Joachim Schumann,
• Vladislav Kataev,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Yakov Victorovich Fominov and
• Ilgiz Abdulsamatovich Garifullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1458–1463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.144

• the F1 and the F2 layer and yields a minimum of the SC critical temperature Tc of the system in an approximately orthogonal geometry. This theoretical prediction was experimentally confirmed for the first time by some of us in the study of the Fe1/Cu/Fe2/Pb multilayer [13]. A constantly growing

• resistivity at 300 K, and ρ(10 K) is the residual resistivity at 10 K (i.e., above Tc). For our samples this ratio amounted to RRR = 10–12, which corresponds to a SC coherence length of ξS = 41–45 nm (for details see [21]). The critical temperature Tc is defined as the midpoint of the SC transition curve. Its

• insights into exciting physics of the triplet superconducting spin valves. SC critical temperature Tc as a function of the thickness of the Pb layer dPb at a fixed thickness of the Ni layer dNi = 5 nm for the trilayer Ni(5 nm)/Cu(1.5 nm)/Pb. Solid line is the theoretical fit according to [12] with the

Periodic Co/Nb pseudo spin valve for cryogenic memory

• Nikolay Klenov,
• Yury Khaydukov,
• Sergey Bakurskiy,
• Roman Morari,
• Igor Soloviev,
• Vladimir Boian,
• Thomas Keller,
• Mikhail Kupriyanov,
• Anatoli Sidorenko and
• Bernhard Keimer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 833–839, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.83

• ,p = 0 in nonferromagnetic materials), TC is the critical temperature of the superconductor, ξp = (Dp/2πTC)1/2 is the coherence length, Dp is the diffusion coefficient, Gp and Φp are the normal and anomalous Green’s functions, respectively, is the suppression parameter, RBpq and are the resistance

On the transformation of “zincone”-like into porous ZnO thin films from sub-saturated plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition

• Alberto Perrotta,
• Julian Pilz,
• Stefan Pachmajer,
• Antonella Milella and
• Anna Maria Coclite

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 746–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.74

• accounting for the lower refractive index. When the plasma exposure is instead very short (1 s), an increase of the refractive index was measured in the first critical temperature region, up to 1.704 ± 0.003. The densification of the layer, together with the 12.8% of thickness loss, suggests a collapse of

• a function of the plasma pulse time, as resulted from the O 1s peak fitting. a) Normalized thickness (norm-d) and b) refractive index n (at 633 nm) of the zincone-like layers as a function of the annealing temperature. The two critical temperature ranges for initial removal of organic moieties and

Nanoconjugates of a calixresorcinarene derivative with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) fragments for drug encapsulation

• Alina M. Ermakova,
• Julia E. Morozova,
• Yana V. Shalaeva,
• Victor V. Syakaev,
• Aidar T. Gubaidullin,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Vladimir V. Zobov,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Olga B. Bazanova,
• Igor S. Antipin and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2057–2070, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.195

• phases at the critical temperature (cloud point, Tc) in the solution, one of which is saturated by surfactant molecules and another one is almost surfactant-free. At Tc, dehydration of hydrophilic groups occurs and the interaction of inter- and intramolecular H-bonds among the surfactant is increased

Recent highlights in nanoscale and mesoscale friction

• Andrea Vanossi,
• Dirk Dietzel,
• Andre Schirmeisen,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Rémy Pawlak,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Marcin Kisiel,
• Shigeki Kawai and
• Nicola Manini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1995–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.190

• locally disturbing the charge density waves [188] (Figure 7). At a certain threshold, the CDW shows a phase slip, which then leads to dissipation. Another example where non-contact friction can be influenced by external parameters are the measurements of superconductors across the critical temperature

• [189]. In this case, the electronic friction is reduced below the critical temperature Tc, because the electrons are bound in Cooper pairs, thus suppressing the electronic-friction channel. Thus, the residual non-contact dissipation is dominated by phononic contributions. Electronic friction is found

Nanocomposites comprised of homogeneously dispersed magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles and poly(methyl methacrylate)

• Sašo Gyergyek,
• David Pahovnik,
• Ema Žagar,
• Alenka Mertelj,
• Rok Kostanjšek,
• Miloš Beković,
• Marko Jagodič,
• Heinrich Hofmann and
• Darko Makovec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1613–1622, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.153

• the superparamagnetic state is observed. Above a certain critical temperature, called the blocking temperature, the thermal energy induces rapid fluctuations of the nanoparticle’s magnetic moment relative to the time of observation [1][2]. Superparamagnetic nanoparticles do not show remanence and

Inverse proximity effect in semiconductor Majorana nanowires

• Alexander A. Kopasov,
• Ivan M. Khaymovich and
• Alexander S. Mel'nikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1184–1193, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.109

• correlations in the low-field domain and for the reentrant superconductivity at high magnetic fields in the topologically nontrivial regime. The growth of the critical temperature in the latter case continues up to the upper critical field destroying the pairing inside the superconducting film due to either

• wire and superconductor can cause a so-called inverse proximity effect, i.e., the suppression of the gap function at the superconductor surface. For a rather thin superconducting shell covering the wire this gap suppression can result in the change of the superconducting critical temperature of the

• is the self-consistent analysis of the critical-temperature behavior of the wires while considering the influence of the inverse proximity effect on the induced superconducting ordering. For this purpose we start from the full set of microscopic equations for the Green functions taking into account

PTFE-based microreactor system for the continuous synthesis of full-visible-spectrum emitting cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals

• Chengxi Zhang,
• Weiling Luan,
• Yuhang Yin and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2521–2529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.252

• QDs prepared at the reaction temperatures of 50, 70 and 80 °C are the same. This trend indicates that the critical temperature for the synthesis of CsPbBr3 QDs via the PTFE-based microreactor system is 80 °C, and the wavelength of the PL emission peak increases with increasing reaction temperature in

Stick–slip boundary friction mode as a second-order phase transition with an inhomogeneous distribution of elastic stress in the contact area

• Iakov A. Lyashenko,
• Vadym N. Borysiuk and
• Valentin L. Popov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1889–1896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.189

• transition (which follows from the computer simulations [14][15] and experimental investigations [5]), the free-energy density can be written in the form [10]: where T is the temperature of the lubricant; Tc is the critical temperature; εel is the shear component of the elastic stress; α, a and b are

Investigation of growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes

• Marianna V. Kharlamova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 826–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.85

Gas sensing properties of MWCNT layers electrochemically decorated with Au and Pd nanoparticles

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Riccardo Rossi,
• Gennaro Cassano,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 592–603, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.64

• the sensing active layer so as to restore resistance to the initial baseline with a full recovery without loss of the catalytic effects of metal NPs [35][45]. Above the critical temperature, the desorption of gaseous molecules from the surface of MWCNTs is accelerated by the decrease of the thermal

Anodization-based process for the fabrication of all niobium nitride Josephson junction structures

• Massimiliano Lucci,
• Ivano Ottaviani,
• Matteo Cirillo,
• Fabio De Matteis,
• Roberto Francini,
• Vittorio Merlo and
• Ivan Davoli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 539–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.58

• high critical temperature and energy gap of the order, respectively, of 16 K and 2.5 mV [4][5][6][7][8]. The transition temperature is appealing because of the progress achieved in closed-cycle refrigeration, while the value of the gap is stimulating for engineering devices in the terahertz range

• (reducing it) the superconducting critical temperature, the pattern of the emission lines in the glow discharge provides direct information on the critical temperature of the deposited nitride films. For AlN the gas composition affects the resistivity of the film and, even in this case, the pattern of the

• . Alternating flash deposition of 120 s with pauses of about 20 s was carried out. The thickness of the deposited films was 300 nm. The critical temperature Tc of the NbN thin films has been determined by four-probe measurements of resistance as a function of the temperature with the samples secured to the cold

The longstanding challenge of the nanocrystallization of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)

• Florent Pessina and
• Denis Spitzer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 452–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.49

• discharge (electrostatic discharge (ESD)) are initiation processes which can cause areas of an energetic material to heat up to several hundred Kelvin. These areas are called hot spots and are deflagration or detonation origins if they reach a critical temperature. Tarver [2] calculated the critical

• temperature for octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) of different sized hot spots. For a 2 μm diameter hot spot he calculated a critical temperature of 985 K, whereas the critical temperature for a 0.2 μm hot spot already rises to 1162 K. Risse [3] measured a noticeable desensitization

• industry [97] to heat dissipation of electronic chips and laser devices [98]. Brown and York [99] found a critical temperature above which the liquid jet burst by rapid bubbling. They injected water up to 13 bar through simple single-hole nozzles with a minimal diameter of 500 μm into ambient pressure. The

Methods for preparing polymer-decorated single exchange-biased magnetic nanoparticles for application in flexible polymer-based films

• Laurence Ourry,
• Delphine Toulemon,
• Souad Ammar and
• Fayna Mammeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 408–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.43

• -decorated ENP assemblies, a net decrease of the blocking temperature value, defined as the critical temperature at the relaxed/blocked magnetic states transition, was observed when the ENP dilution ratio was increased (Figure 11). Such behaviour is quite common for superparamagnetic single-domain

Grazing-incidence optical magnetic recording with super-resolution

• Gunther Scheunert,
• Sidney. R. Cohen,
• René Kullock,
• Ryan McCarron,
• Katya Rechev,
• Ifat Kaplan-Ashiri,
• Ora Bitton,
• Paul Dawson,
• Bert Hecht and
• Dan Oron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 28–37, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.4

• initial value. This critical temperature Tsw marked the switching threshold, since the applied bias field during illumination was also μ0Hbias = 0.3 T, generated by a strong permanent magnet (FeNdB) beneath the sample with its magnetization parallel or antiparallel to the surface normal (i.e., along the

Thickness-modulated tungsten–carbon superconducting nanostructures grown by focused ion beam induced deposition for vortex pinning up to high magnetic fields

• Ismael García Serrano,
• Javier Sesé,
• Isabel Guillamón,
• Hermann Suderow,
• Sebastián Vieira,
• Manuel Ricardo Ibarra and
• José María De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1698–1708, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.162

• show a wide variety of functionalities: conductive [5], insulating [6], magnetic [7], optical [8], superconductive [9], etc. In particular, FIBID has been used to grow superconducting W–C nanodeposits with a relatively high critical temperature, Tc, up to 6 K using a W(CO)6 precursor [9][10][11][12][13

• critical temperature of Tc = 4.40 ± 0.15 K and a room temperature resistivity of ρ300K = 213 ± 47 μΩ cm. The flat sample has been made using a 39 nm y-pitch, which is as large as the beam spot size. The SEM images in Figure 2 indicate the achievement of the targeted thickness modulation. In Table 1, the

Thickness dependence of the triplet spin-valve effect in superconductor–ferromagnet–ferromagnet heterostructures

• Daniel Lenk,
• Vladimir I. Zdravkov,
• Jan-Michael Kehrle,
• Günter Obermeier,
• Aladin Ullrich,
• Roman Morari,
• Hans-Albrecht Krug von Nidda,
• Claus Müller,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko,
• Siegfried Horn,
• Rafael G. Deminov,
• Lenar R. Tagirov and
• Reinhard Tidecks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 957–969, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.88

• . We attribute this reduction to the theoretically predicted [15] reduction of the critical temperature by the generation of the long-range, odd-in-frequency, spin-projection one triplet component of superconductivity at non-collinear orientation of the magnetizations of the two ferromagnetic layers

• dependence of the upper critical field (parallel to the film plane) given by Hc(T) = Hc(0)(1 − T/Tc0)α. Here, Tc0 is the critical temperature, i.e., the superconducting transition temperature in the absence of currents and magnetic fields, and α is a parameter given by the effective dimensionality of the

• derived in this regime from the theory of Fominov et al. [15] (see Figure 8 for the calculated data, both in absolute units and normalized to TcS, the critical temperature of a freestanding Nb film of the same thickness as in the present sample series). Since Tc0 decreases, this is also expected for Hc(0

Influence of calcium on ceramide-1-phosphate monolayers

• Joana S. L. Oliveira,
• Gerald Brezesinski,
• Alexandra Hill and
• Arne Gericke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 236–245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.22

• /LC phase transition (data not shown). The calculated critical temperature Tc (see section 1 in Supporting Information File 1) for this system, i.e., the temperature above which the LC phase cannot be reached anymore upon compression of the monolayer, was found to be about 38 °C, which is slightly

Structural and magnetic properties of iron nanowires and iron nanoparticles fabricated through a reduction reaction

• Marcin Krajewski,
• Wei Syuan Lin,
• Hong Ming Lin,
• Katarzyna Brzozka,
• Sabina Lewinska,
• Natalia Nedelko,
• Anna Slawska-Waniewska,
• Jolanta Borysiuk and
• Dariusz Wasik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1652–1660, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.167

• different models describing the magnetic behaviour around the critical temperature (for instance the most common Heisenberg model). However, the applied formula allows for a very rough estimation of TC and β originating from the extrapolation of fitted plots for both cooling curves. The fitting parameters

Formation of Cu_xAu_1−x phases by cold homogenization of Au/Cu nanocrystalline thin films

• Alona Tynkova,
• Gabor L. Katona,
• Gabor A. Langer,
• Sergey I. Sidorenko,
• Svetlana M. Voloshko and
• Dezso L. Beke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1491–1500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.162

• mainly been investigated in binary systems with a wide mutual solubility range above either the miscibility gap or the critical temperature of ordering (e.g., in Cu/Pd [16], Au/Cu [15], Ag/Pd [7], Ni/Cu [17][18][19], NiPd [20]). Less works have been devoted to systems with reactive diffusion [21]. For

Nanoscale particles in technological processes of beneficiation

• Sergey I. Popel,
• Vitaly V. Adushkin and
• Anatoly P. Golub'

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 458–465, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.53

• equation: If the temperature Tlw of the liquid at the edge with the vapor is less than the critical temperature Tcr of the van der Waals gas then the phase transition takes place at the bubble surface. Considering the edge of the bubble as a hydrodynamical discontinuity (a wave of phase transition) we use

• heat. If the liquid temperature at the interface with the vapor is higher than (or equal to) the critical temperature then the phase transition is absent and the relationships in Equation 7 are fulfilled at the interface (ml = mw) under the condition At the surface of the bubble there are two competing

Charge and spin transport in mesoscopic superconductors

• M. J. Wolf,
• F. Hübler,
• S. Kolenda and
• D. Beckmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 180–185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.18

• and 1980s, mostly in the vicinity of the critical temperature. Much less attention has been paid to low temperatures and the role of the quasiparticle spin. Results: We report here on nonlocal transport in superconductor hybrid structures at very low temperatures. By comparing the nonlocal conductance

• but no spin. The quasiparticle excitations, however, may carry both charge and spin. Non-equilibrium charge transport in superconductors has been investigated intensely in the 1970s and 1980s, mostly in the vicinity of the critical temperature [8][9][10] and more recently also in the low-temperature

• , some experiments reported shorter time scales (sometimes by orders of magnitude) under similar conditions [21][22]. In contrast, our results are quantitatively consistent with the “old” knowledge obtained from experiments close to the critical temperature [23][24][25], as well as more recent low

Size-dependent phase diagrams of metallic alloys: A Monte Carlo simulation study on order–disorder transitions in Pt–Rh nanoparticles

• Johan Pohl,
• Christian Stahl and
• Karsten Albe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 1–11, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.1

• prove to be useful in order to assign a critical temperature to the smooth phase transitions in this finite system. Method The refined BOS mixing model We use a standard Metropolis Monte Carlo algorithm that implements a simulation model that is closely related to the “Bond Order Simulation” (BOS

• ). Second, we adjusted the composition for each particle size to coincide with the maximum of the critical temperature, i.e., xPt = 0.595, 0.66, 0.69 for the 7.8, 4.3 and 3.1 nm particles (Figure 8). For clarity only the two parameters for 6th and 8th neighbors that show the strongest variation at the

• such that for all particles the phase transition is observed at the maximum critical temperature of the 40-phase. No shift in magnitude of the concentration-averaged parameters is seen as is the case for non-concentration-averaged in Figure 9. Compare also to the core constrained short-range order

Enhancement of the critical current density in FeO-coated MgB₂ thin films at high magnetic fields

• Andrei E. Surdu,
• Hussein H. Hamdeh,
• Imad A. Al-Omari,
• David J. Sellmyer,
• Alexei V. Socrovisciuc,
• Andrei A. Prepelita,
• Ezgi T. Koparan,
• Ekrem Yanmaz,
• Valery V. Ryazanov,
• Horst Hahn and
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 809–813, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.89

• material, with a hexagonal crystal structure and a critical temperature of Tc = 39 K, raised a lot of questions about its transport properties. This strong type-II superconductor has a fairly high critical current density in zero magnetic field, i.e., up to Jc ~ 1.6 × 107 A/cm2 at 15 K [2]. This

• films, in order to avoid the strong suppression of the critical temperature of the film. The proximity effect of nanoparticles has a very small effect on the superconducting properties of our MgB2 thin films, reducing their critical temperature by about 1 K. Taking into account these ideas, we studied

• , and the other 4.28 × 4.84 mm2 piece remained uncoated for comparison measurements. The Ginzburg–Landau coherence length of our films was obtained from the slope of the upper critical magnetic field measurements, Bc2(T), close to the critical temperature, resulting in ξGL(0) = 3.0 nm [12]. We measured