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Search for "cross sections" in Full Text gives 232 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

The origin of black and white coloration of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

  • Manuela Rebora,
  • Gianandrea Salerno,
  • Silvana Piersanti,
  • Alexander Kovalev and
  • Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 496–508, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.41

Graphical Abstract
  • longitudinal ridges extend beyond the apical portion of the scale, thus forming an apical fringe (Figure 3c). Some details of the nanostructures, characterising the tarsal scales of Ae. albopictus, have been clarified with the aid of TEM (Figure 4). Cross sections of the tarsi in their white (Figure 4a–d) or
  • . Cross sections of the tarsi in their white (a–d) and black (e–h) portions. In (a) and (e) note the series of overlapping four to five convex scales around the tarsus (T). The lower (LS) and the upper (US) surfaces are closely juxtaposed even if some empty spaces representing nanovoids, originating from
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Published 17 Apr 2023

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

  • A. R. Indhu,
  • L. Keerthana and
  • Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

Graphical Abstract
  • with respect to changing parameters of the material under consideration can be developed with a few examples of the theoretically arrived optical cross sections of a few generic morphologies of nanoparticles and will be discussed next for the case of nanospheres, nanorods, and nanomatryushkas. The
  • of the absorbance of a plasmonic nanoparticle is done by calculation of its optical cross sections and specifically the extinction cross section, which includes the absorption as well as the scattering cross section. A few examples of the same will be discussed to compare the differences that need to
  • approximation. Simulated absorption cross sections of Ag nanomatryushkas for different radii of different concentric spheres are shown in Figure 7. From the few examples presented, it is clear that information such as the absorption range, the intensity of absorption, and importantly the changes in absorption
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Published 27 Mar 2023

High–low Kelvin probe force spectroscopy for measuring the interface state density

  • Ryo Izumi,
  • Masato Miyazaki,
  • Yan Jun Li and
  • Yasuhiro Sugawara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 175–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.18

Graphical Abstract
  • τp in n-type semiconductors and the electron (minority carrier) lifetime τn in p-type semiconductors as follows: where σn and σp are the capture cross sections for electrons and holes, respectively, vth is the thermal velocity, and Nit is the concentration of interface states. These equations
  • indicate that the carrier lifetimes τp and τn are reciprocals of the capture rates per single carrier determined by the capture cross sections σn and σp, thermal velocity vth, and concentration of interface states Nit, which depend on semiconductor type, temperature, carrier density, and interface state
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Published 31 Jan 2023

Formation of nanoflowers: Au and Ni silicide cores surrounded by SiOx branches

  • Feitao Li,
  • Siyao Wan,
  • Dong Wang and
  • Peter Schaaf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 133–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.14

Graphical Abstract
  • dashed lines pointing to the common point at the SiO2/Si interface aim to highlight the enhancement of SiO2 decomposition by the thin films. (b) SiO concentration gradient outside the decomposition cavity and cross sections of nanoflowers with changing branch length. (c) Cross sections of particles and
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Published 20 Jan 2023

Antimicrobial and mechanical properties of functionalized textile by nanoarchitectured photoinduced Ag@polymer coating

  • Jessica Plé,
  • Marine Dabert,
  • Helene Lecoq,
  • Sophie Hellé,
  • Lydie Ploux and
  • Lavinia Balan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 95–109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.11

Graphical Abstract
  • @PEG600DA/PETIA (b) coatings. TEM cross sections of the Ag@PEG600DA (a) and the Ag@PEG600DA/PETIA (b) with the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns. Images of flexible Ag@PEG600DA (a) and Ag@PEG600DA/PETIA (b) samples; inserted post-scratch tests. Influence of 500 and 1000 abrasion cycles on
  • (Figure 4a) and Ag@PEG600DA/PETIA (Figure 4b) coatings, respectively. The AgNP size dispersion is also slightly higher in the case of Ag@PEG600DA. Both results are coherent with the peak and FMWH values calculated from the absorbance spectra (Figure 2c). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) cross
  • sections of 100 µm-thick samples were then taken for both functionalized textiles (Figure 5). In both cases, a gradient distribution of AgNPs was observed after UV synthesis, with concentrations increasing from the depth to the surface of the sample. The top metal layer thickness of the Ag@PEG600DA film
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Published 12 Jan 2023

Utilizing the surface potential of a solid electrolyte region as the potential reference in Kelvin probe force microscopy

  • Nobuyuki Ishida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1558–1563, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.129

Graphical Abstract
  • applied between the Au electrodes. The cross sections of the topography and CPD taken from the images in Figure 3a and Figure 3b are shown in Figure 3c and Figure 3d, respectively. The CPD values measured under this condition reflect the work-function difference across the surface [3]. The CPD values in
  • an open circle. (a, b) Topography and CPD images, respectively, obtained across the solid electrolyte region (indicated in Figure 1a) when 0 V was applied between the Au electrodes. Image size is 45 μm × 3 μm. Scan rate is 0.1 Hz. (c, d) Cross sections of topography and CPD taken from the images in
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Published 19 Dec 2022

Structural studies and selected physical investigations of LiCoO2 obtained by combustion synthesis

  • Monika Michalska,
  • Paweł Ławniczak,
  • Tomasz Strachowski,
  • Adam Ostrowski and
  • Waldemar Bednarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1473–1482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.121

Graphical Abstract
  • . Hence, the averaging of the measurement results is inaccurate, and the results become unreliable [60]. SEM analysis The morphology of the LiCoO2 crystallites was determined using a scanning electron microscope Auriga CrossBeam Workstation (Carl Zeiss). Cross sections of the fabricated laminates were
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Published 07 Dec 2022

Dry under water: air retaining properties of large-scale elastomer foils covered with mushroom-shaped surface microstructures

  • Matthias Mail,
  • Stefan Walheim,
  • Thomas Schimmel,
  • Wilhelm Barthlott,
  • Stanislav N. Gorb and
  • Lars Heepe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1370–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.113

Graphical Abstract
  • method as well as the results are shown in Figure 2. For the analysis of the shape of the air–water interface, cross sections trough the image stacks have been generated by using the software Leica TFS. 3.2 Static lifetime tests of air layer submerged deeper than hmax In a second experiment, which was
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Published 21 Nov 2022

Straight roads into nowhere – obvious and not-so-obvious biological models for ferrophobic surfaces

  • Wilfried Konrad,
  • Christoph Neinhuis and
  • Anita Roth-Nebelsick

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1345–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.111

Graphical Abstract
  • (Kariba weed) from above. The inset (b) shows the eggbeater-like structures. (c, d) Cross sections (schematic and photograph) through a leaf showing the pillar-like surface structures that seem to support the air/water interface covering the air layer. The skin structures of Collembola (springtails) show
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Published 17 Nov 2022

Enhanced electronic transport properties of Te roll-like nanostructures

  • E. R. Viana,
  • N. Cifuentes and
  • J. C. González

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1284–1291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.106

Graphical Abstract
  • ][27]. This model has been successfully used to analyze the electronic properties of single semiconductor NWs of different cross sections and materials such as ZnO [27], SnO2 [16][19], and GaAs [17][18][28]. In this case, the calculations were done using μh = gmL2/(VdsCox) and p = 1/(eρμh), where gm
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Published 08 Nov 2022

A cantilever-based, ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature scanning probe instrument for multidimensional scanning force microscopy

  • Hao Liu,
  • Zuned Ahmed,
  • Sasa Vranjkovic,
  • Manfred Parschau,
  • Andrada-Oana Mandru and
  • Hans J. Hug

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1120–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.95

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Published 11 Oct 2022

Theoretical investigations of oxygen vacancy effects in nickel-doped zirconia from ab initio XANES spectroscopy at the oxygen K-edge

  • Dick Hartmann Douma,
  • Lodvert Tchibota Poaty,
  • Alessio Lamperti,
  • Stéphane Kenmoe,
  • Abdulrafiu Tunde Raji,
  • Alberto Debernardi and
  • Bernard M’Passi-Mabiala

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 975–985, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.85

Graphical Abstract
  • phase of Ni-doped zirconia is cubic. For a general symmetry, the isotropic electric dipole cross section is obtained by a linear combination of three cross sections calculated along three perpendicular directions of polarization, namely σ(0,0) = 1/3(σxx + σyy + σzz) [44]. In practice, the cross section
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Published 15 Sep 2022

Design of a biomimetic, small-scale artificial leaf surface for the study of environmental interactions

  • Miriam Anna Huth,
  • Axel Huth,
  • Lukas Schreiber and
  • Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 944–957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.83

Graphical Abstract
  • the germination of phytopathogenic fungi, other conceivable uses would be, for example, to study the application and retention of various liquids and active ingredients. Drawings of a leaf surface at different magnifications and main functions of the cuticle. (a) Leaf, (b–d) leaf cross sections in
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Published 13 Sep 2022

Micro-structures, nanomechanical properties and flight performance of three beetles with different folding ratios

  • Jiyu Sun,
  • Pengpeng Li,
  • Yongwei Yan,
  • Fa Song,
  • Nuo Xu and
  • Zhijun Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 845–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.75

Graphical Abstract
  • pasted flat on a slide for observation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (Model EVO-18, Carl Zeiss Microimaging Inc., Germany) was used to obtain morphological images of cross sections of the hind wings of three beetles at the same locations of different wing veins. Nanoindentation properties The
  • same position obtained using SEM. The images show that the cross-sectional shapes are all nearly elliptical, while all were basically hollow, similar to blood vessels. This structure provides support for the beetles in spreading their hind wings or during flight [40]. Comparing the cross sections of
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Published 26 Aug 2022

Ideal Kerker scattering by homogeneous spheres: the role of gain or loss

  • Qingdong Yang,
  • Weijin Chen,
  • Yuntian Chen and
  • Wei Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 828–835, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.73

Graphical Abstract
  • perfectly zero. For general discussions of optical properties, such as scattering and absorption cross sections, it is physically legitimate to take into consideration only those dominant contributing multipole terms and drop other minor ones (such as in the widely adopted dipole approximation). While for
  • enlarged part of the spectra close to xA in logarithmic scale), though they are much smaller than those of dipoles. For explorations of general properties like scattering and absorption cross sections, it is fine to drop those quadrupole terms and to keep the dipole terms only. Nevertheless, for the study
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Published 24 Aug 2022

Efficient liquid exfoliation of KP15 nanowires aided by Hansen's empirical theory

  • Zhaoxuan Huang,
  • Zhikang Jiang,
  • Nan Tian,
  • Disheng Yao,
  • Fei Long,
  • Yanhan Yang and
  • Danmin Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 788–795, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.69

Graphical Abstract
  • the calculated τ as a function of the acetone volume fraction. (a) Height distribution of KP15 nanowires after liquid exfoliation. (b) Cross sections of KP15 nanowires after liquid exfoliation. (c) Raman spectra of KP15 nanowires after liquid exfoliation. (d) Thickness histograms of KP15 nanowires
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Published 17 Aug 2022

Investigation of electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers by scanning tunneling microscopy

  • Patrick Stohmann,
  • Sascha Koch,
  • Yang Yang,
  • Christopher David Kaiser,
  • Julian Ehrens,
  • Jürgen Schnack,
  • Niklas Biere,
  • Dario Anselmetti,
  • Armin Gölzhäuser and
  • Xianghui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 462–471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.39

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  • the effective cross-sections of a complete cross-linking of 4'-nitro-1,1'-biphenyl-4-thiol SAMs [56]. These studies provided valuable insights into the chemical transformations associated with cross-linking. However, direct imaging on the atomic scale to visualize the evolution of irradiation-induced
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Published 25 May 2022

Effect of sample treatment on the elastic modulus of locust cuticle obtained by nanoindentation

  • Chuchu Li,
  • Stanislav N. Gorb and
  • Hamed Rajabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 404–410, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.33

Graphical Abstract
  • cuticle [12][13]. Nanoindentations were performed on the cross sections of the tibiae on ten preset indentation sites. The distance between adjacent indentation sites was set to be larger than 30 μm, to avoid the interference between consecutive measurements. In all indentations, maximum indentation depth
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Published 22 Apr 2022

Impact of electron–phonon coupling on electron transport through T-shaped arrangements of quantum dots in the Kondo regime

  • Patryk Florków and
  • Stanisław Lipiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1209–1225, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.89

Graphical Abstract
  • characterized by three different charges, are visible on the map in Figure 8a (n = 0, 1, 2 and n = 2, 3, 4). In each of these points seven states are degenerate. Horizontal dashed lines indicate the cross sections for which the plots of conductances are presented below. An interesting feature of the map is the
  • around ω = 0. (a) Charge stability diagram of a TQD with a phonon coupled to the IQD as a function of gate voltage and e–ph coupling λI. The dashed horizontal lines show the cross sections for which we present conductance curves (Figures 2–4). (b) Partial conductance of the TQD as a function of λI for
  • = −1.5. (a) Charge stability diagram of a DTQD with phonons coupled to the interacting dots as a function of gate voltage and e–ph coupling λI. Apart from occupation numbers also the corresponding degeneracies of the ground states are given in the brackets. The dashed horizontal lines indicate the cross
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Published 12 Nov 2021

Irradiation-driven molecular dynamics simulation of the FEBID process for Pt(PF3)4

  • Alexey Prosvetov,
  • Alexey V. Verkhovtsev,
  • Gennady Sushko and
  • Andrey V. Solov’yov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1151–1172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.86

Graphical Abstract
  • . Electron impact-induced fragmentation experiments performed for a number of precursor molecules revealed [43][44][45] that the sum of partial cross sections of ionization resulting in the emission of positive ion fragments exceeds significantly (by an order of magnitude) the cross section of ionization
  • [15] or by means of well-established semi-empirical methods. One of these methods is based on the additivity rule [47], according to which the total molecular ionization cross section is approximated by the sum of ionization cross sections of the constituent atoms or smaller molecular fragments. This
  • cross section of the target molecules, that is, the sum of the partial cross sections for all the channels leading to the formation of any charged molecule or fragment [51]. The IDMD approach permits considering several different fragmentation channels. The total fragmentation cross section of a bond is
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Published 13 Oct 2021

Self-assembly of amino acids toward functional biomaterials

  • Huan Ren,
  • Lifang Wu,
  • Lina Tan,
  • Yanni Bao,
  • Yuchen Ma,
  • Yong Jin and
  • Qianli Zou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1140–1150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.85

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  • that the nanofibers were assembled into sea-urchin-like microspheres. Fmoc-ʟ-Lys nanofibers act as templates to regulate the self-assembly of pigments. Sea-urchin-like structures facilitate light collection due to enhanced absorption cross sections and exciton energy transfer. In addition, Liu et al
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Published 12 Oct 2021

Is the Ne operation of the helium ion microscope suitable for electron backscatter diffraction sample preparation?

  • Annalena Wolff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 965–983, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.73

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Published 31 Aug 2021

Self-assembly of Eucalyptus gunnii wax tubules and pure ß-diketone on HOPG and glass

  • Miriam Anna Huth,
  • Axel Huth and
  • Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 939–949, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.70

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  • substrate. AFM image of recrystallized wax tubules from a wax solution on glass. (a) Top view of vertically growing tubules 22 h and 39 min after application. (b) Cross section of tubule 1 and 2 and (c) cross sections of tubule 3 and 4 seen in (a). Scale bar: 500 nm. Diagram of height increase of vertically
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Published 20 Aug 2021

9.1% efficient zinc oxide/silicon solar cells on a 50 μm thick Si absorber

  • Rafal Pietruszka,
  • Bartlomiej S. Witkowski,
  • Monika Ozga,
  • Katarzyna Gwozdz,
  • Ewa Placzek-Popko and
  • Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 766–774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.60

Graphical Abstract
  • , allowing us to construct a 3D top electrode and to improve light collection/harvesting in cells with such electrodes. Figure 3 shows cross sections of the studied photovoltaic structures. The cell labeled as sample A contains ZnONR grown via the hydrothermal method. On the nanorods, an MZO film was
  • of Zn, Mg, and O in the ZnMgO films. These concentrations were (52.0 ± 0.5)%, (46.6 ± 0.5)%, and (1.4 ± 0.5)% for zinc, oxygen, and magnesium, respectively. Aluminium-doped zinc oxide films were grown on top of the samples A and B as a transparent top electrode. Comparison of the cross sections
  • ZnO films via ALD at higher growth temperatures or with a lattice-matched substrate [19]. The average thickness of the deposited films was calculated from the cross sections shown in Figure 3. It was hard to see the difference between MZO and ZnONR for sample A. Therefore, the average height was
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Published 21 Jul 2021

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

  • Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

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  • interaction volume and resulting modification of the sample for helium ions impinging on bulk silicon and copper targets providing key insights into the beam–sample interaction [16]. Dose series were conducted and the interaction volumes directly visualized by preparing cross sections by gallium focused ion
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Published 02 Jul 2021
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