Systematic control of α-Fe₂O₃ crystal growth direction for improved electrochemical performance of lithium-ion battery anodes

• Nan Shen,
• Miriam Keppeler,
• Barbara Stiaszny,
• Holger Hain,
• Filippo Maglia and
• Madhavi Srinivasan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2032–2044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.204

• Figure 8c. Exceptional cycling stability at around 1000 mAh g−1 for 50 cycles was observed. In particular, samples with intermediate rod lengths (α-Fe2O3-E1.5, α-Fe2O3-D0.5 and α-Fe2O3-B1.5) in the range of ≈240 nm up to ≈280 nm show a higher capacity over spherical α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (α-Fe2O3-E0.5

Freestanding graphene/MnO₂ cathodes for Li-ion batteries

• Şeyma Özcan,
• Aslıhan Güler,
• Tugrul Cetinkaya,
• Mehmet O. Guler and
• Hatem Akbulut

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1932–1938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.193

• increases the conductivity and electrochemical reaction of α-MnO2 with Li ions, as is reported in previous studies [10][13]. Figure 7 reveals the cycling stability of graphene/α-MnO2, graphene/β-MnO2, and graphene/γ-MnO2 cathodes. A remarkable result is obtained from the graphene/α-MnO2 cathode which has an

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

• outstanding cycling stability and almost no volume expansion occurs when TiO2 is fully lithiated. As the electrical conductivity of TiO2 is low, it has a weak rate capability in electrical devices. The modification of TiO2 with conductive materials like graphene improves its electrical performance

• great challenge because the low electric conductivity of MnO results in poor cycling stability and inferior rate capability. A long-term stable, nano-architecture of graphene-supported MnO NPs for LIB applications has been prepared by cycling where the oxidation of Mn(II) to Mn(III) and interfacial

• cycling stability [166]. Geng et al. have prepared Fe3O4–rGO hybrids by one-pot solution chemistry which have good adsorption capability of various dyes (rhodamine B, rhodamine 6G, acid blue 92, orange (II), malachite green, and new coccine) [167]. These materials could be easily separated from the

Phosphorus-doped silicon nanorod anodes for high power lithium-ion batteries

• Chao Yan,
• Qianru Liu,
• Jianzhi Gao,
• Zhibo Yang and
• Deyan He

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 222–228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.24

• discharge–charge range of Si, the core part of the nanorods could be kept in the conductive mixture state, working only as an electronic conductor in the following cycles. To test the cycling stability of the resulting Si anodes, the anodes were cycled at the current densities of 2 A/g, 5 A/g and 9 A/g (a

Improved lithium-ion battery anode capacity with a network of easily fabricated spindle-like carbon nanofibers

• Mengting Liu,
• Wenhe Xie,
• Lili Gu,
• Tianfeng Qin,
• Xiaoyi Hou and
• Deyan He

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1289–1295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.120

• into the amorphous carbon matrix. When directly used as a binder-free anode for lithium-ion batteries, the network showed excellent electrochemical performance with high capacity, good rate capacity and reliable cycling stability. Under a current density of 0.2 A g−1, it delivered a high reversible

Mesoporous hollow carbon spheres for lithium–sulfur batteries: distribution of sulfur and electrochemical performance

• Anika C. Juhl,
• Artur Schneider,
• Boris Ufer,
• Torsten Brezesinski,
• Jürgen Janek and
• Michael Fröba

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1229–1240, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.114

• mass of sulfur over 500 cycles. Keywords: carbon/sulfur composites; cycling stability; distribution of sulfur in pores; hollow carbon spheres; lithium–sulfur batteries; Introduction In the past 20 years, rechargeable lithium–ion batteries have proven to be superior energy storage devices and have

Influence of stabilising agents and pH on the size of SnO₂ nanoparticles

• Olga Rac,
• Patrycja Suchorska-Woźniak,
• Marta Fiedot and
• Helena Teterycz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2192–2201, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.228

• for the production of transparent conductive layers or in the production of electrodes in lithium cells [2]. However, a SnO2 anode in a Li-ion cell has poor cycling stability [3]. A potential solution to this problem may be the use of nanoparticles. Tin dioxide nanoparticles of 3 nm diameter have a

Carbon nano-onions (multi-layer fullerenes): chemistry and applications

• Juergen Bartelmess and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1980–1998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.207

• counter electrode. The capacitance of pure MnO2 (40 F·g−1) could be increased by the incorporation of CNO up to 177.5 F·g−1. In addition, the authors report an excellent cycling stability with 99–101% retention of the specific capacitance after 1000 cycles. Lithium-Ion batteries: Carbon nanotubes are

Influence of particle size and fluorination ratio of CF_x precursor compounds on the electrochemical performance of C–FeF₂ nanocomposites for reversible lithium storage

• Ben Breitung,
• M. Anji Reddy,
• Venkata Sai Kiran Chakravadhanula,
• Michael Engel,
• Christian Kübel,
• Annie K. Powell,
• Horst Hahn and
• Maximilian Fichtner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 705–713, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.80

• metal nanoparticles encapsulated in layers of graphitic carbon were formed. The agglomerates are interlinked by multiwall carbon nanotubes which are formed in situ [34][35][36]. Although these systems enhanced the cycling stability of the conversion reaction greatly because of the tight embedding of

• ) during cycling refers to the amount of capacity which cannot be retained in the following cycle. That means, a low or decreasing ICL is the precondition for a stable cycling of the material. For C(FeF2)0.55_400 the ICL did not decrease during cycling, which leads to a decreasing cycling stability for

• materials were ball-milled at 300 rpm for 2 h as this was the best milling condition we could find with respect to the electrochemical performance. Other milling conditions were tested for all materials, but the obtained products showed the best cycling stability and specific capacity when ball-milled with

AFM as an analysis tool for high-capacity sulfur cathodes for Li–S batteries

• Renate Hiesgen,
• Seniz Sörgel,
• Rémi Costa,
• Linus Carlé,
• Ines Galm,
• Natalia Cañas,
• Brigitta Pascucci and
• K. Andreas Friedrich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 611–624, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.68

• were prepared by spray-coating exhibited a superior stability of the morphology and the electric network associated with the capacity and cycling stability of these batteries. A reduction of the conductive area determined by conductive AFM was found to correlate to the battery capacity loss for all

• tapping mode AFM. We aim to demonstrate that a direct correlation exists between the cycling stability and the properties on the nanometre scale, and that AFM analysis can disclose the morphology of the carbon–sulfur interface. Based on the analytical results of the nanoscale analysis an optimized

A facile approach to nanoarchitectured three-dimensional graphene-based Li–Mn–O composite as high-power cathodes for Li-ion batteries

• Wenyu Zhang,
• Yi Zeng,
• Chen Xu,
• Ni Xiao,
• Yiben Gao,
• Lain-Jong Li,
• Xiaodong Chen,
• Huey Hoon Hng and
• Qingyu Yan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 513–523, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.59

• is followed by lithiation in a molten salt reaction. There are several advantages of using the LMO/G as cathodes in Li-ion batteries: (1) the LMO/G electrode shows high specific capacities at high gravimetric current densities with excellent cycling stability, e.g., 84 mAh·g−1 during the 500th cycle

• affects the cycling stability. It is especially serious for nanosized LMO due to their large surface area exposed to the electrolyte. Mn dissolution causes the collapse of the crystal structure, which leads to the capacity losses during cycling. For LMO/G hybrids, the graphene sheets serve as a physical

• grain size of the LMO (e.g., 3–10 nm) greatly enhance the kinetics of charge transfer in the electrode; (2) the flexible graphene sheets can buffer the volume strain of the LMO grains caused by the transition from cubic to tetragonal spinel and, hence, improve the cycling stability in the voltage range