Early breast cancer screening using iron/iron oxide-based nanoplatforms with sub-femtomolar limits of detection

• Dinusha N. Udukala,
• Hongwang Wang,
• Sebastian O. Wendel,
• Aruni P. Malalasekera,
• Thilani N. Samarakoon,
• Asanka S. Yapa,
• Gayani Abayaweera,
• Matthew T. Basel,
• Pamela Maynez,
• Raquel Ortega,
• Yubisela Toledo,
• Leonie Bossmann,
• Colette Robinson,
• Katharine E. Janik,
• Olga B. Koper,
• Ping Li,
• Massoud Motamedi,
• Daniel A. Higgins,
• Gary Gadbury,
• Gaohong Zhu,
• Deryl L. Troyer and
• Stefan H. Bossmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 364–373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.33

• established procedures by heating to 56 °C for >30 min [41]. In short, 3.0 mL of dextran (10 mg dextran in 1.0 mL of PBS) were mixed with 75 µL of the nanoplatform dispersion (1.0 mg in 1.0 mL of PBS) and 30 µL of the protease stock solutions at each concentration level in a total volume of 3.0 mL of PBS. 30

• the use of dextran as anticoagulant [42]. The requirement of only a very low volume of serum for performing meaningful enzyme activity measurements is a definite advantage of the very high sensitivity of the nanoplatforms for protease detection, which originates from the concurrent utilization of SEM

• is chemically stable for 14 days at 4 °C. 900 mg of dextran were dissolved in 90 mL of PBS. Stock solutions of all 9 enzymes were prepared by consecutive dilution of commercially available proteases (Enzo Lifesciences). 3 mL of PBS–dextran (10 mg dextran in 1.0 mL of PBS) are mixed with 75 µL of the

Green and energy-efficient methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles

• Mitra Naghdi,
• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• M. Verma,
• R. Y. Surampalli and
• J. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2354–2376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.243

• ]. Jang et al. used dextran (dex), a readily available polysaccharide, both as reducing and stabilizing agents to synthesize dex–Au NPs from HAuCl4. The stability of Au NPs is enhanced due to cross-linking of aminated dextran chains on the surface of NPs using epichlorohydrin (C3H5ClO). The average

• diameters of their NPs were 80 nm [82]. Morrow et al. used diethylaminoethyldextran as reducing and stabilizing agents to produce Au NPs from Au3+ solution at 50 °C for 7.5 h. They found that the performance of dextran is strongly dependent on pH so that in alkaline solutions, the Au3+ ions are rapidly

• reduced to spherical NPs and their sizes range from 18 to 40 nm depending on pH, temperature, and the Au3+/dextran ratio. However, in acidic conditions, the reduction is very slow and large Au NPs with different shapes are formed [35]. Saha et al. utilized calcium alginate gel beads as a template for Ag

Probing fibronectin–antibody interactions using AFM force spectroscopy and lateral force microscopy

• Andrzej J. Kulik,
• Małgorzata Lekka,
• Kyumin Lee,
• Grazyna Pyka-Fościak and
• Wieslaw Nowak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1164–1175, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.118

• , recently, Dendzik et al. proposed that the stretching of a reference single molecule (e.g., dextran) could be used to determine the normal and lateral AFM cantilever calibration [15]. Although this new method presents a clear improvement over previous attempts to obtain a reliable calibration for lateral

Hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells: polymeric nanoparticle uptake and lineage differentiation

• Ivonne Brüstle,
• Thomas Simmet,
• Gerd Ulrich Nienhaus,
• Katharina Landfester and
• Volker Mailänder

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 383–395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.38

• oxide with a dextran shell), no toxicity and normal differentiation behavior was shown for hHSCs [6][7][8]. A study with diverse inorganic nanoparticles of different sizes showed distinct toxicity for some particles (cobalt, antimony oxide) as well as some negative influence on the differentiation

Anticancer efficacy of a supramolecular complex of a 2-diethylaminoethyl–dextran–MMA graft copolymer and paclitaxel used as an artificial enzyme

• Yasuhiko Onishi,
• Yuki Eshita,
• Rui-Cheng Ji,
• Masayasu Onishi,
• Takashi Kobayashi,
• Masaaki Mizuno,
• Jun Yoshida and
• Naoji Kubota

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2293–2307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.238

• complex that was used as an artificial enzyme against multi-drug-resistant cancer cells was confirmed. A complex of diethylaminoethyl–dextran–methacrylic acid methylester copolymer (DDMC)/paclitaxel (PTX), obtained with PTX as the guest and DDMC as the host, formed a nanoparticle 50–300 nm in size. This

• the effectiveness of PTX alone (p < 0.036). Above all, the DDMC/PTX complex is not degraded in cells and acts as an intact supramolecular assembly, which adds a new species to the range of DDS. Keywords: artificial enzyme; diethylaminoethyl–dextran–MMA; graft copolymer; multi-drug resistance of

• ligands from an active center. Supramolecules have been suggested for the use as artificial enzymes [9]. The supramolecular diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)–dextran–methacrylic acid methylester (MMA) copolymer (DDMC)/paclitaxel (PTX) complex, which is expected to inhibit drug-induced resistance by allosteric

Biopolymer colloids for controlling and templating inorganic synthesis

• Laura C. Preiss,
• Katharina Landfester and
• Rafael Muñoz-Espí

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2129–2138, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.222

• find starch [13][14], different cellulose derivatives [15], dextran [16], pectin [17], alginate [18], and poly(amino acids) or proteins [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Researchers in the biomineralization field very often extract proteins from biological matter and use them for the ex

Influence of surface-modified maghemite nanoparticles on in vitro survival of human stem cells

• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Lyubov L. Lukash,
• Tetiana A. Ruban,
• Yurii N. Kolomiets,
• Svitlana P. Shpylova and
• Oksana A. Grypych

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1732–1737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.183

• ., dextran [18][19] (in Feridex® and Endorem® developed as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, MRI), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) [1], poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAAm) [20], poly(L-lysine) [21][22], protamine sulfate [23], or layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte complexes [24]. The aim of this

In vitro interaction of colloidal nanoparticles with mammalian cells: What have we learned thus far?

• Moritz Nazarenus,
• Qian Zhang,
• Mahmoud G. Soliman,
• Pablo del Pino,
• Beatriz Pelaz,
• Susana Carregal-Romero,
• Joanna Rejman,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Martin J. D. Clift,
• Reinhard Zellner,
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus,
• James B. Delehanty,
• Igor L. Medintz and
• Wolfgang J. Parak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1477–1490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.161

• internalized by an A549 lung cancer cell into an intracellular vesicle (here the lysosome [165]) and is thus clearly localized. The microparticle is filled with a pH-sensitive fluorophore (SNARF, from Invitrogen, now LifeTech) linked to dextran and the acidic pH of the lysosome is reported by the yellow

• fluorescence. b) After release of the pH-sensitive fluorophore linked to dextran to the cytosol (by photothermal heating), the fluorophore–dextran conjugates are freely dispersed, without any visible granular structure. Due to the neutral pH in the cytosol the fluorescence of the fluorophore–dextran conjugates

Controlling mechanical properties of bio-inspired hydrogels by modulating nano-scale, inter-polymeric junctions

• Seonki Hong,
• Hyukjin Lee and
• Haeshin Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 887–894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.101

• general approach for creating novel catecholaminergic derivatives of biopolymers such as alginate, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, dextran, and other synthetic or proteineous materials for a variety of applications. Quinone, an oxidized form of catechol, is reactive to nucleophiles such as hydroxyl, amine, and

Manipulation of isolated brain nerve terminals by an external magnetic field using D-mannose-coated γ-Fe₂O₃ nano-sized particles and assessment of their effects on glutamate transport

• Tatiana Borisova,
• Natalia Krisanova,
• Arsenii Borуsov,
• Roman Sivko,
• Ludmila Ostapchenko,
• Michal Babic and
• Daniel Horak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 778–788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.90

• dextran [5][6]. Recently, immortalized cells of the MHP36 hippocampal cell line labeled with gadolinium rhodamine dextran in vitro were tracked in ischemia-damaged rat hippocampus in perfused brains ex vivo [7]. Contrast agents based on dextran-coated iron oxides are commercially available as blood pool

Exploring the complex mechanical properties of xanthan scaffolds by AFM-based force spectroscopy

• Hao Liang,
• Guanghong Zeng,
• Yinli Li,
• Shuai Zhang,
• Huiling Zhao,
• Lijun Guo,
• Bo Liu and
• Mingdong Dong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 365–373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.42

• mechanical properties of single molecules [15][16]. FS was firstly used to study the polysaccharide dextran [17], and was later extended to other molecules such as DNA [18][19], proteins [20][21], other polysaccharides [22][23][24], and amyloid proteins [25][26]. Mechanical properties such as tensile

Magnetic-Fe/Fe₃O₄-nanoparticle-bound SN38 as carboxylesterase-cleavable prodrug for the delivery to tumors within monocytes/macrophages

• Hongwang Wang,
• Tej B. Shrestha,
• Matthew T. Basel,
• Raj K. Dani,
• Gwi-Moon Seo,
• Sivasai Balivada,
• Marla M. Pyle,
• Heidy Prock,
• Olga B. Koper,
• Prem S. Thapa,
• David Moore,
• Ping Li,
• Viktor Chikan,
• Deryl L. Troyer and
• Stefan H. Bossmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 444–455, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.51

• -stable Mo/Ma homed to the lung melanoma within one day and successfully delivered the prodrug-activating enzyme/prodrug package to the tumors. Significantly reduced tumor weights and numbers were observed after activation of InCE. We also showed that these cells can carry the SN38–dextran irinotecan-like

Magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical NMR-based diagnostics

• Huilin Shao,
• Tae-Jong Yoon,
• Monty Liong,
• Ralph Weissleder and
• Hakho Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 142–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.17

• ][37][38][39][40][41][42]. CLIO nanoparticles contain a superparamagnetic iron oxide core (3–5 nm monocrystalline iron oxide) composed of ferrimagnetic magnetite (Fe3O4) and/or maghemite (γ-Fe2O3). The metallic core is subsequently coated with biocompatible dextran, before being cross-linked with

• the size and the r2 relaxivity of various doped-ferrite and elemental Fe-based nanoparticles: CLIO, cross-linked iron oxide; MION, monocrystalline iron oxide; PION, polycrystalline iron oxide; and CMD, carboxymethyl dextran-coated MNP. (Adapted with permission from [15]. Copyright 2009 National

• assays developed to datea. Acknowledgements The authors thank N. Sergeyev for providing cross-linked dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles; Y. Fisher-Jeffes for reviewing the manuscript. This work was supported in part by NIH Grants (2RO1EB004626, U01-HL080731, U54-CA119349 and T32-CA79443). H. Shao