A superconducting adiabatic neuron in a quantum regime

• Marina V. Bastrakova,
• Dmitrii S. Pashin,
• Dmitriy A. Rybin,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Anastasiya A. Gorchavkina and
• Arkady M. Satanin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 653–665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.57

• approximation, we reduced it to the Pauli master equation (we present the results of modeling for the generalized master equation with and without the secular approximation in Appendix 3): where the dots denote a differentiation by normalized time, Wmn is the transition rate from the state n to m given by the

Quantitative dynamic force microscopy with inclined tip oscillation

• Philipp Rahe,
• Daniel Heile,
• Reinhard Olbrich and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 610–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.53

• result of projecting the vectorial force onto The force gradient along the tip path and projected to is calculated by numerical differentiation along of the force field. The result is used to calculate frequency shift Δf data from Equation 23 for φ = −π/2. As an example, we use parameters for a

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• cues, and surface stiffness in osteochondral tissue differentiation and engineering is discussed with examples from recent studies that highlight their importance in tissue engineering applications. 2 Articular cartilage biology The composition and complex structure of articular cartilage need to be

• engineering cartilage tissue structures. 3.1.1 Application of microspheres in chondrogenic differentiation. Microspheres are used in drug delivery systems because of their spatiotemporally controlled release capabilities (see Table 2 below). They are small spherical particles from organic or inorganic

• equipped with controlled release systems for chondrogenic differentiation is a major concern of recent investigations. Ansboro et al. have developed a hyaluronan-based chondromimetic microsphere system to deliver transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGF-β3) growth factor for in situ chondrogenic

A broadband detector based on series YBCO grain boundary Josephson junctions

• Egor I. Glushkov,
• Alexander V. Chiginev,
• Leonid S. Kuzmin and
• Leonid S. Revin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 325–333, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.27

• there are N junctions connected in series one after another with a common load in parallel to all junctions (see Figure 5, left). The circuit equations describing the current–voltage relation are [27][28][29]: where ϕi is the Josephson phase in the i-th junction, and the overdot denotes differentiation

Effects of drug concentration and PLGA addition on the properties of electrospun ampicillin trihydrate-loaded PLA nanofibers

• Tuğba Eren Böncü and
• Nurten Ozdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 245–254, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.19

• mechanical properties of nanofibers. Enhanced mechanical properties are known to improve cell viability and differentiation [34]. The mechanical properties of all PLA nanofibers (PLA, PLA/PCL, and PLA/PLGA) are suitable. However, the production of PLA/PLGA nanofibers provides an advantage as it leads to

• improved mechanical properties compared to those of PLA nanofibers and PLA/PCL nanofibers, improving cell viability and differentiation. Conclusion Nanofibers can be effectively used in tissue engineering and controlled drug delivery due to their structural properties, which are morphologically similar to

• thus a decrease in the mechanical properties of the PLA nanofibers. PLA/PLGA nanofibers may be advantageous for improving cell viability and differentiation thanks to its advanced mechanical properties compared to those of PLA nanofibers. Nevertheless, the mechanical properties of all nanofibers

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• rejection [11]. TiO2 nanomaterials with tailored porosity have already been developed as an alternative orthopedic implantation material as they support cell adhesion, viability, growth, and differentiation, which are favorable in bone tissue growth and biological implant fixation [12]. Moreover, to

• phosphate ions than the rutile phase in body fluids, supporting the deposition of apatite. A titania nanotube array (anatase) showed increased cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation [67]. Titanium heart valves are also very compatible and compete with regular tissue valves [68]. In addition

• , proliferation, and differentiation of the osteoblasts. However, the low fracture toughness and brittleness of akermanite have limited its use in load-bearing sites of bone tissue. To strengthen the mechanical properties nanoscale titania (nano-TiO2) was distributed into the ceramic matrix. A remarkable

Polarity in cuticular ridge development and insect attachment on leaf surfaces of Schismatoglottis calyptrata (Araceae)

• Venkata A. Surapaneni,
• Tobias Aust,
• Thomas Speck and
• Marc Thielen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1326–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.98

• four characteristic growth patterns: (1) basipetal, (2) acropetal, (3) diffused, and (4) bidirectional [15]. Such polarity in leaf growth is a result of direction-dependent cell differentiation, maturation, and proliferation processes along or perpendicular to the direction of the midrib [15][16][17

pH-driven enhancement of anti-tubercular drug loading on iron oxide nanoparticles for drug delivery in macrophages

• Karishma Berta Cotta,
• Sarika Mehra and
• Rajdip Bandyopadhyaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1127–1139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.84

• of THP1 cells were purchased from HiMedia, India. Phorbol 12 myristate acetate (PMA) used for THP1 cell differentiation was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Germany. Synthesis The synthesis of IONPs and NOR@IONPs was carried out analogously to our previous study [30]. Specifically, IONPs were

• supplemented with 10% FBS was added and the cells were allowed to stabilize for 24 h under identical conditions of temperature and CO2. Differentiation was confirmed by the visualization of adhered cells to the bottom of the culture well, as the THP1 monocytes are suspension cells. The differentiated THP1

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

• . demonstrated enhanced proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells by applying lipid-coated MBs plus low-intensity pulsed US. After treatment, cell proliferation was increased by 40%, and the production of glycosaminoglycan and type II collagen was increased by 17% and 78

Silver nanoparticles induce the cardiomyogenic differentiation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells via telomere length extension

• Khosro Adibkia,
• Ali Ehsani,
• Asma Jodaei,
• Ezzatollah Fathi,
• Raheleh Farahzadi and
• Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 786–797, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.62

• possible combination of stem cells and nanotechnology in the treatment of diseases. This study aims to investigate the in vitro effect of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) on the cardiomyogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) through detection of cardiac markers. For

• this purpose, MSCs were isolated from bone marrow resident and differentiated to the cardiac cells using a dedicated medium with Ag-NPs. Also, the cardiomyogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs was confirmed using immunocytochemistry. Then, real-time PCR and western blotting assay were used for measuring

• ; cardiomyogenic differentiation; silver nanoparticles; telomere length; Wnt3/β-catenin signaling pathway; Introduction Cardiac disorders that eventually lead to heart failure cause an increased loss of cardiac cells. There is strong evidence that the progression of heart failure is associated with reduction in

Physical constraints lead to parallel evolution of micro- and nanostructures of animal adhesive pads: a review

• Thies H. Büscher and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 725–743, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.57

• details of their evolution, such as changes in morphology, behaviour, or lifestyle remain unresolved. One reason lies in the notable differences in the subgroups of Polyneoptera and their strong ecological differentiation, impeding a reliable reconstruction of the internal relationships for many years

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of water in aqueous dispersions of silver nanoparticles

• Paulina Filipczak,
• Krzysztof Hałagan,
• Jacek Ulański and
• Marcin Kozanecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 497–506, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.40

• values (average of total energy values of the interactions with all neighbouring elements) were taken into account without a detailed differentiation of the particular elements [47][48][49][50]. Each lattice site represented a solvent, here a water molecule or a Ag atom. Two states of water were

The impact of molecular tumor profiling on the design strategies for targeting myeloid leukemia and EGFR/CD44-positive solid tumors

• Nikola Geskovski,
• Nadica Matevska-Geshkovska,
• Simona Dimchevska Sazdovska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Kristina Mladenovska and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 375–401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.31

• tumor profiles and targeting strategies on the future chemotherapeutic protocols. Review Molecular profile and characteristics of myeloid leukemia Leukemia comprises a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by abnormal proliferation and differentiation of a clonal population of blood progenitor

• replication through downstream pathways such as RAS, RAF, JUN kinase, MYC, and STAT. This influences leukemogenesis by causing enhanced proliferation, differentiation arrest, and resistance to cell death. The use of the TKIs, the first of which was imatinib, has improved the three-year survival to over 95

• differentiation. Therefore, it could be employed as a specific cell surface-expressed moiety for active targeting [54]. Jang and co-workers developed a polyrotaxane-based nanoconstruct with pliable structure, bearing surface-oriented sliding PTK7 aptamers for the targeting of doxorubicin to a PTK7+ cell line

Mapping of integrated PIN diodes with a 3D architecture by scanning microwave impedance microscopy and dynamic spectroscopy

• Rosine Coq Germanicus,
• Peter De Wolf,
• Florent Lallemand,
• Catherine Bunel,
• Serge Bardy,
• Hugues Murray and
• Ulrike Lüders

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1764–1775, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.159

• differentiation and localization of all carrier levels and regions in the sample. A positive bias applied to the sample drives the n-type regions into the depletion regime enhancing their contrast, while the p-type regions are in the inversion regime lowering their contrast. When a negative bias is applied, the

Selective detection of complex gas mixtures using point contacts: concept, method and tools

• Alexander P. Pospelov,
• Victor I. Belan,
• Dmytro O. Harbuz,
• Volodymyr L. Vakula,
• Lyudmila V. Kamarchuk,
• Yuliya V. Volkova and
• Gennadii V. Kamarchuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1631–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.146

• procedures involves lowering the sensitivity threshold of the sensor in relation to a wider list of controlled substances and their derivatives. This, in turn, requires a finer and more detailed analysis of the features of the response curve configuration. A reliable tool for the precise differentiation of a

• , previously unattainable by conventional sensors, have become possible due to the in-depth differentiation of the gas-sensitive surface at the atomic level, under laboratory conditions. For the first time it became possible to analyze the human hormonal background using the breath, which is the most

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

• Maria Suciu,
• Corina M. Ionescu,
• Alexandra Ciorita,
• Septimiu C. Tripon,
• Dragos Nica,
• Hani Al-Salami and
• Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

Effect of magnetic field, heat generation and absorption on nanofluid flow over a nonlinear stretching sheet

• Santoshi Misra and
• Govardhan Kamatam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 976–990, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.82

• prime (´) denotes differentiation with respect to η, and the physical parameters involved in the equations are defined as follows: The abbreviations used for the calculations are summarized in Table 1. Solving a system of first-order differential equations The nonlinear and coupled partial differential

Microwave photon detection by an Al Josephson junction

• Leonid S. Revin,
• Andrey L. Pankratov,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Anton A. Yablokov,
• Igor V. Rakut,
• Victor O. Zbrozhek and
• Leonid S. Kuzmin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 960–965, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.80

• through the JJ is observed, which resembles the differentiation between N and N + 1 photon absorption. Keywords: aluminium; Josephson junction; microwaves; phase diffusion; photon counter; switching current distribution; Introduction Currently, an important problem is the creation of single-photon

High dynamic resistance elements based on a Josephson junction array

• Konstantin Yu. Arutyunov and
• Janne S. Lehtinen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 417–420, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.32

• the structure. (b) Dynamic resistance Rdyn ≡ dV/dI obtained by numeric differentiation of the I–V dependence. Funding The article was prepared within the framework of the Academic Fund Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE) in 2019–2020 (grant No. 19-01-050) and

Interactions at the cell membrane and pathways of internalization of nano-sized materials for nanomedicine

• Valentina Francia,
• Daphne Montizaan and
• Anna Salvati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 338–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.25

• tissues of patients. While, on one hand, the use of primary cells can be recommended, on the other hand, it is also a well-known obstacle for a detailed study of cellular pathways. Most primary cells are difficult to transfect and require interaction with other cell types for their proper differentiation

• [201][202][203]. Another important factor known to affect uptake pathways by cells in vitro is the differentiation of cells into barriers and the resulting cell polarization [159]. Uptake by cells grown to a polarized cell barrier is, in fact, different than uptake by the same cells when grown isolated

Internalization mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides

• Ivana Ruseska and
• Andreas Zimmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 101–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.10

• differentiation. However, when it comes to the internalization of nanocarriers such as CPPs, their physicochemical properties and surface reactivates are also important [54]. It is now generally recognized that CPPs at low concentration, and when conjugated to cargo, are taken up by cells in an energy-dependent

Atomic force acoustic microscopy reveals the influence of substrate stiffness and topography on cell behavior

• Yan Liu,
• Li Li,
• Xing Chen,
• Ying Wang,
• Meng-Nan Liu,
• Jin Yan,
• Liang Cao,
• Lu Wang and
• Zuo-Bin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2329–2337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.223

• engineering [1][2] as they affect many cell functions such as cell migration [3][4], attachment, proliferation [5][6] and differentiation [7][8]. Substrate stiffness and topography are two of the most important ECM physical parameters in regulating cell functions [9]. A previous study shows that cells

• spreading of the L929 cells on the patterned stiffness surfaces. This agrees well with the recent finding that changes in the cell shape cannot be attributed to changes of the substrate matrix elasticity [35]. However, the spreading and the differentiation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) have been related

• to the local stiffness of a substrate with a stiffness pattern size of 200 μm. On the other hand, no spreading or differentiation of HSCs were observed on substrates with patterns smaller than 200 μm (for instance, 50 and 100 μm) [10]. Moreover, we quantified the alignment rate (alignment % in Figure

Lipid nanostructures for antioxidant delivery: a comparative preformulation study

• Elisabetta Esposito,
• Maddalena Sguizzato,
• Markus Drechsler,
• Paolo Mariani,
• Federica Carducci,
• Claudio Nastruzzi,
• Giuseppe Valacchi and
• Rita Cortesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1789–1801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.174

• and skin barrier improvement [17][18][19]. Vitamin A is defined as a group of lipophilic retinoids, including retinoic acid (RA), derived from food and stored in the liver. Due to its antioxidant action, RA plays a role in cancer chemoprevention and differentiation [20]. Particularly, RA has been

Subsurface imaging of flexible circuits via contact resonance atomic force microscopy

• Wenting Wang,
• Chengfu Ma,
• Yuhang Chen,
• Lei Zheng,
• Huarong Liu and
• Jiaru Chu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1636–1647, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.159

• embedded metal layer leads to an obvious CR-AFM frequency shift and therefore its unambiguous differentiation from the polymer matrix. The contact stiffness contrast, determined from the tracked frequency images, was employed for quantitative evaluation. The influence of various parameter settings and

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• low-dimensional and specifically structured nanocarbons and their assemblies at liquid–liquid interfaces. Finally, interfacial nanoarchitectonics of biomaterials including the regulation of orientation and differentiation of living cells are explained. In the recent examples described in this review

• . The nanoarchitecture materials can be used for various applications such as molecular recognition, sensors, photodetectors, supercapacitors, supramolecular differentiation, enzyme reactors, cell differentiation control, and hemodialysis. Keywords: film; interface; low-dimensional material