Calculations of helium separation via uniform pores of stanene-based membranes

• Guoping Gao,
• Yan Jiao,
• Yalong Jiao,
• Fengxian Ma,
• Liangzhi Kou and
• Aijun Du

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2470–2476, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.256

• abundant element on earth, the helium concentration in the atmosphere is very low (about 5.2 ppm) [4]. Only in some natural gas fields is the helium concentration high enough for commercial separation by an energy-intensive process, such as fraction distillation. The development of a low energy cost

Green and energy-efficient methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles

• Mitra Naghdi,
• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• M. Verma,
• R. Y. Surampalli and
• J. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2354–2376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.243

• workers. The recovery of these solvents through conventional distillation process is often energy-intensive. Therefore, in case of NPs synthesis, scientists focused on safer solutions, such as solventless systems or non-toxic solvents, i.e., the water/glycerol system [92][126][127]. Energy efficiency

A reproducible number-based sizing method for pigment-grade titanium dioxide

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Manfred Kluwig and
• Thomas Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1815–1822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.192

• purified by distillation and then transformed into solid TiO2 in a combustion process. After both processes, the resulting powders are de-agglomerated by standard milling procedures and then subjected to a finishing process, which is generally followed by a final de-agglomeration step. In the ideal case

Purification of ethanol for highly sensitive self-assembly experiments

• Kathrin Barbe,
• Martin Kind,
• Christian Pfeiffer and
• Andreas Terfort

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1254–1260, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.139

• temperature, thereby releasing hydrogen [24]. Organic thiols [4], thioacetates [25] and disulfides [26] form thiolates on gold while organic sulfides [27] and dimethyl sulfoxide [28] usually remain intact when binding to gold surfaces. Industrial cleaning procedures like distillation are applied to remove

• removed from the solvent, we rather wished to use the affinity of these impurities to gold to remove them. For this, the use of high-area gold surfaces, such as fine gold powder, would be optimal but also prohibitively expensive. As an alternative, Bohn et al. used copper powder, followed by distillation

• the thiols to be deposited resulting in SAMs of minor quality. Note that ethanol of technical quality (curve B, 99% certified purity) delivers surface-active compounds almost as quickly as a 1 µM solution of hexadecanethiol (curve A). Distillation of this sample results in a markedly smaller signal

Applicability and costs of nanofiltration in combination with photocatalysis for the treatment of dye house effluents

• Wolfgang M. Samhaber and
• Minh Tan Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 476–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.55

• ], nanofiltration (NF) [5][10][19][20][21] and reverse osmosis (RO) [19]. Recently, the combination with membrane distillation (MD) [10][18] has also been proposed for the treatment of dye industry effluents. Molinari et al. [21] studied the degradation of two commercial azo-dyes, namely Congo red (C32H22N6Na2O6S2

• combined system of photocatalysis and RO/NF, as well as a more than 95% reduction of the initial organic content and salinity. Mozia [8] conducted experiments with two combined systems: photocatalysis–ultrafiltration and photocatalysis–membrane distillation for the degradation of acid red 18 in an aqueous

Synthesis and electrical characterization of intrinsic and in situ doped Si nanowires using a novel precursor

• Wolfgang Molnar,
• Alois Lugstein,
• Tomasz Wojcik,
• Peter Pongratz,
• Norbert Auner,
• Christian Bauch and
• Emmerich Bertagnolli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 564–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.65

• /760 mmHg, 25 g), and Si3Cl8 (TB = 215 °C/760 mmHg, 16 g). Higher oligosilanes remained in the distillation residue and were not isolated. For characterization of the precursor compounds, Si2Cl6 and Si3Cl8 were identified by their characteristic 29Si NMR chemical shifts (Si2Cl6, δ = −6.4 ppm; Si3Cl8, δ

• = −3.7 (-SiCl3), −7.4 ppm (-SiCl2-)) [29][30] and by GC–MS measurements. Trace analysis was performed by ICP–MS measurements. For the preparation of the doped samples, BBr3 and PCl3 were added to the oligosilanes in very small quantities (100 ppm). After distillation the doped oligosilanes were directly

Functionalised zinc oxide nanowire gas sensors: Enhanced NO₂ gas sensor response by chemical modification of nanowire surfaces

• Eric R. Waclawik,
• Jin Chang,
• Andrea Ponzoni,
• Isabella Concina,
• Dario Zappa,
• Elisabetta Comini,
• Nunzio Motta,
• Guido Faglia and
• Giorgio Sberveglieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 368–377, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.43

• THMA, 99%) were added as required. All chemicals were used as received from Aldrich without further purification or distillation. For example, in a typical synthesis, Zn(Ac)2 (0.5 mmol, 92 mg) and THMA (0.2 mmol, 24 mg) were added into absolute ethanol (30 mL) under stirring. Then the mixture was

Variations in the structure and reactivity of thioester functionalized self-assembled monolayers and their use for controlled surface modification

• Inbal Aped,
• Yacov Mazuz and
• Chaim N. Sukenik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 213–220, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.24

• ), while vacuum distillation was used to purify the benzoyl and thiophenyl thioesters. Isolated yields, 1H and 13C NMR, and exact mass MS data for each of the olefin-thioesters are summarized in Supporting Information File 1. The general procedure for the conversion of the various olefin thioesters into

• . After the reaction was complete, the contents of the tube were transferred to a round-bottom flask (25 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere. Excess HSiCl3 was distilled off and the product was isolated by Kugelrohr distillation. The isolated yields and NMR data for each of the trichlorosilanes is summarized

• commercial ω-undecenol. All of the trichlorosilanes were purified by distillation and deposited as siloxane-anchored SAMs. SAM characterization ATR–FTIR characterization of these SAMs focused on the vibrational frequencies of the carbonyl groups and of the methylene units in each of the polymethylene chains

Inorganic–organic hybrid materials through post-synthesis modification: Impact of the treatment with azides on the mesopore structure

• Miriam Keppeler,
• Jürgen Holzbock,
• Johanna Akbarzadeh,
• Herwig Peterlik and
• Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 486–498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.52

• by drying with Na2SO4 and distillation from Mg. Pluronic P123 (Mav = 5800), EO20PO70EO20 (BASF) was applied without purification. For preparation of saturated azide solutions, sodium azide (Merck), tetramethylammoniumchloride (TMAC, Alfa Aesar) and tetramethylammoniumazide (TMAA, synthesized as