Interpreting motion and force for narrow-band intermodulation atomic force microscopy

• Daniel Platz,
• Daniel Forchheimer,
• Erik A. Tholén and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 45–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.5

• ][8][9] at an interface. As an imaging tool, the goal of AFM development has been to increase spatial resolution and minimize the back-action force from the probe on the sample surface. A major advancement in this regard was the development of dynamic AFM [10] in which a sharp tip at the free end of

• quadratures FI and FQ, which are independent of details of the tip motion on the slow time scale. Due to this independence, FI and FQ are the input quantities for nearly all force spectroscopy methods in dynamic AFM and thereby they form the basis of quantitative dynamic AFM. Force quadrature reconstruction

• full h–A plane, providing detailed insight into the interaction between tip and surface. We demonstrated the reconstruction of FI and FQ maps experimentally on a PS polymer surface. We hope that the physical interpretation of narrow-band dynamic AFM presented here, will inspire new force-spectroscopy

Wavelet cross-correlation and phase analysis of a free cantilever subjected to band excitation

• Francesco Banfi and
• Gabriele Ferrini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 294–300, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.33

• well beyond simple topographic measurements [1][2]. Among the techniques developed in dynamic AFM, multimode excitation and the so called band-excitation methods have been put forward recently [3][4][5]. All of these techniques are based on the frequency, amplitude and phase response around one or more

Simultaneous current, force and dissipation measurements on the Si(111) 7×7 surface with an optimized qPlus AFM/STM technique

• Zsolt Majzik,
• Martin Setvín,
• Andreas Bettac,
• Albrecht Feltz,
• Vladimír Cháb and
• Pavel Jelínek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 249–259, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.28

• in Figure 1, the tunneling current during dynamic AFM measurements contains much higher frequency components than the resonant frequency of the tuning fork. Therefore the OPA may not be able to keep the virtual ground (gap voltage) constant with high precision, due to the speed limit of the amplifier

Analysis of force-deconvolution methods in frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy

• Joachim Welker,
• Esther Illek and
• Franz J. Giessibl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 238–248, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.27

• high-resolution, dynamic AFM modes. Examples are the measurement of the force needed to move an atom on surface [2] or the chemical identification of different adatom species [3]. Another trend is the three-dimensional force mapping [4][5] giving tomographic insight into the force field over atoms and

Theoretical study of the frequency shift in bimodal FM-AFM by fractional calculus

• Elena T. Herruzo and
• Ricardo Garcia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 198–206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.22

• of soft samples. On the other hand, AFM techniques based on dynamic AFM modes have the ability to make fast and noninvasive measurements. They are potentially faster because the quantitative measurements can be acquired simultaneously with the topography. In addition, the lateral forces applied to

Manipulation of gold colloidal nanoparticles with atomic force microscopy in dynamic mode: influence of particle–substrate chemistry and morphology, and of operating conditions

• Samer Darwich,
• Karine Mougin,
• Akshata Rao,
• Enrico Gnecco,
• Shrisudersan Jayaraman and
• Hamidou Haidara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 85–98, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.10

• latex particles positioned on Si substrates with an accuracy of about 30 nm [20] whilst Mougin et al. manipulated as-synthesized and functionalized gold nanoparticles on silicon substrates with dynamic AFM [21]. In all these techniques, the major difficulties that arise are related to the quantification

Biomimetics inspired surfaces for drag reduction and oleophobicity/philicity

• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 66–84, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.9

• hydrophobicity using a dynamic AFM method [16][33]. Data on one hydrophilic, one hydrophobic, and one superhydrophobic surface are presented in Table 2. Mica was taken as the hydrophilic surface. Hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces were fabricated by deposition of evaporated plant wax on smooth epoxy