Cross-sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy on III–V epitaxial multilayer stacks: challenges and perspectives

• Mattia da Lisca,
• José Alvarez,
• James P. Connolly,
• Nicolas Vaissiere,
• Karim Mekhazni,
• Jean Decobert and
• Jean-Paul Kleider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 725–737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.59

• water molecules on the sample surface due to the humidity present in air [18]. Furthermore, a non-optimal deoxidation procedure may result in an inhomogeneous removal of the surface oxide. Additionally, the condition of the tip during the numerous scans along the sample cross section must also be

Humidity-dependent electrical performance of CuO nanowire networks studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Juris Katkevics,
• Jana Andzane,
• Raitis Sondors,
• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Kiryl Niherysh,
• Yelyzaveta Rublova and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 683–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.54

• , Riga, Latvia 10.3762/bjnano.14.54 Abstract Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was applied for studying copper oxide (CuO) nanowire networks assembled between metallic microelectrodes by dielectrophoresis. The influence of relative humidity (RH) on electrical characteristics of the CuO nanowire

• -based system was assessed by measurements of the impedance Z. A slight increase of Z with increasing RH at low humidity was followed by a three orders of magnitude decrease of Z at RH above 50–60%. The two opposite trends observed across the range of the examined RH of 5–97% can be caused by water

• ; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; humidity; nanowire; sensor; Introduction Semiconductor metal oxide nanomaterials have demonstrated a great potential for integration in a variety of devices, such as gas and humidity sensors, nanoelectronics, and low-power thermoelectrical generators [1][2][3][4][5][6

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

Carbon nanotube-cellulose ink for rapid solvent identification

• Tiago Amarante,
• Thiago H. R. Cunha,
• Claudio Laudares,
• Ana P. M. Barboza,
• Ana Carolina dos Santos,
• Cíntia L. Pereira,
• Vinicius Ornelas,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• André S. Ferlauto and
• Rodrigo G. Lacerda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 535–543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.44

• has resurfaced recently as a smart material because of its excellent thermal-mechanical properties, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and flexibility [22][23][30][31]. Composites based on carbon nanotubes or graphene and cellulose have been reported for, among other things, humidity and vapor

A novel approach to pulsed laser deposition of platinum catalyst on carbon particles for use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Bogusław Budner,
• Wojciech Tokarz,
• Sławomir Dyjak,
• Andrzej Czerwiński,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 190–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.19

• (and/or N2). All the fuel cell tests were recorded using a fuel cell station (150 W, Fuel Cell Technologies Inc., United States). This system controls the operating conditions of the fuel cell (cell temperature, gas flows, humidity, and pressure of anode and cathode gases). Cyclic voltammetry curves

Batch preparation of nanofibers containing nanoparticles by an electrospinning device with multiple air inlets

• Dong Wei,
• Chengwei Ye,
• Adnan Ahmed and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 141–150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.15

• experiments were performed at 25 °C and 60% relative humidity. The following MEAI parameters were used. The receiving distance was 18 cm, the speed of the receiving drum was 300 r/min, the air flow rates were 0, 50, 100, and 150 m3/h, and the spinning voltages were 40, 50, and 60 kV. Measurement and

Antimicrobial and mechanical properties of functionalized textile by nanoarchitectured photoinduced Ag@polymer coating

• Jessica Plé,
• Marine Dabert,
• Helene Lecoq,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Lydie Ploux and
• Lavinia Balan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 95–109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.11

• antimicrobial agents can be further explored by combining them with a physical matrix. Textiles are a prime breeding ground for bacteria and fungi, given the right temperature, nutrient-available and humidity conditions. With this in mind, antimicrobial nanoparticles-functionalized textiles are being actively

Photoelectrochemical water oxidation over TiO₂ nanotubes modified with MoS₂ and g-C₃N₄

• Phuong Hoang Nguyen,
• Thi Minh Cao,
• Tho Truong Nguyen,
• Hien Duy Tong and
• Viet Van Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1541–1550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.127

• O–H bonds, which are caused by air humidity. To confirm the ability of the heterojunctions to enhance absorption in the visible-light region, the DRS spectra and Tauc plots were recorded and are presented in Figure 4. It can be easily observed in Figure 4a that the TNAs show a strong absorption edge

In search of cytotoxic selectivity on cancer cells with biogenically synthesized Ag/AgCl nanoparticles

• Mitzi J. Ramírez-Hernández,
• Mario Valera-Zaragoza,
• Omar Viñas-Bravo,
• Ariana A. Huerta-Heredia,
• Miguel A. Peña-Rico,
• Erick A. Juarez-Arellano,
• David Paniagua-Vega,
• Eduardo Ramírez-Vargas and
• Saúl Sánchez-Valdes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1505–1519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.124

• bovine serum, 100 U/mL of penicillin, 100 µg/mL of streptomycin, and 2 mM ʟ-glutamine. The cells were kept at 37 °C with saturated humidity and 5% CO2. The culture medium was removed to collect the human breast cancer cells, which were then washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS). A cell dissociation

• Memorial Institute medium at pH 7.4, supplemented with 10% of fetal bovine serum, 100 U/mL of penicillin, 100 μg/mL of streptomycin, and 2 mM of ʟ-glutamine. All reagents were purchased from Biowest, Riverside, USA. PBMCs were kept at 37 ºC with saturated humidity and 5% CO2. All procedures performed

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• bias-assisted electroreduced gold ions in mesoporous silica films on a conductive substrate. It works in the air with high relative humidity (RH) at room temperature and leads to the growth of fine wires attached to the tip with tens to hundreds of nanometers. Under room temperature conditions with

Application of nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation

• Jia-Cheng Feng and
• Hong Xia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1185–1200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.99

• graphene oxide on the outer side are higher and more hydrophilic than the part that did not receive laser irradiation (Figure 5b). After exposure to moisture, a significant difference in ion concentration occurs due to the difference in humidity and the ability to dissociate hydronium ions, thereby driving

• parameters such as humidity, airflow rate, airflow direction, and number of oxygen-containing groups on the output power of nanostructures [80]. Figure 7c shows that the higher the humidity, the greater the output voltage. When the relative humidity of the device increases, the interaction area between the

• material and the water molecules will increase, or in the case of a constant flow rate, more nanochannels participate in the conversion of streaming potential energy, increasing the electrical output. But is there an upper limit to the effect of humidity on the output power for different materials? Also

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• to synthesize CDs via hydrothermal route. The reported CDs showed good selectivity for Cd2+ ions with a wide linear range and limit of detection of 0.01–8 μM and 0.29 nM, respectively [72]. Chaudhary et al. reported CDs using roasted gram as a green precursor, which act as a humidity sensor. Two

Interaction between honeybee mandibles and propolis

• Leonie Saccardi,
• Franz Brümmer,
• Jonas Schiebl,
• Oliver Schwarz,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 958–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.84

• (standard microscopy slides (soda lime glass); Carl Roth GmbH & Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany) with the same propolis sample. Experiments were carried out at room temperature (24.00 ± 0.53 °C) and a relative humidity of 36.80% ± 9.0%. For every condition, 50–150 single tests were performed on different spots

Design of a biomimetic, small-scale artificial leaf surface for the study of environmental interactions

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth,
• Lukas Schreiber and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 944–957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.83

• . tritici, Erysiphaceae), a natural pathogen of wheat. Conidia from infested wheat plants (provided by Prof. Ulrich Schaffrath, Lehrstuhl und Institut für Biologie III (Pflanzenphysiologie), RWTH Aachen, Germany) were cultivated on wheat plants (20 °C, 12 h/12 h day/night rhythm, 76% rel. air humidity

• wet paper towel in a petri dish to achieve 100% relative air humidity. The germination success of 100 conidia on the different surfaces was examined using a digital microscope (VHX-600 DSO, Keyence, Osaka, Japan). Leaf pieces were cut and decolorized with ethanol/acetic acid (3:1, v/v) for 24 h until

• ). This is in accordance with other studies. In Koch et al. [20] and Wang et al. [53] plants in a comparable developmental stage were investigated. A network of densely packed wax platelets was also described for both sides of the leaf [53]. Abiotic factors such as temperature, humidity, pollution, and

Micro-structures, nanomechanical properties and flight performance of three beetles with different folding ratios

• Jiyu Sun,
• Pengpeng Li,
• Yongwei Yan,
• Fa Song,
• Nuo Xu and
• Zhijun Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 845–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.75

• body width was 23.74 ± 1.53 mm, and the body weight was 5.27 ± 0.16 g. All insects were acclimated under standard laboratory conditions (ventilation room, 25 ± 1 °C, 60% ± 5% humidity, 12 h light/dark cycle) and had free access to standard water and food. All procedures were conducted in accordance

Ethosomal (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate as a novel approach to enhance antioxidant, anti-collagenase and anti-elastase effects

• Çiğdem Yücel,
• Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak,
• Sena Yalçıntaş and
• Tuğba Eren Böncü

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 491–502, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.41

• effectiveness results obtained in our study, and this is also compatible with the literature. Stability studies Stability studies were performed at different conditions (4 and 25 °C + 60% relative humidity) for ETHs and ETHGs. PS and ZP values were periodically monitored once a month. The EGCG contents of ETHs

• significant decrease in the drug content of the formulations was observed after three months at 4 °C (p > 0.005). In formulations stored at 25 °C, ± 60% relative humidity, both the amount of EGCG and the shelf life decreased with increasing temperature. Shelf lives of suspended ETHs were calculated as 25 days

• at 4 °C (correlation coefficient, r2 = 0.994) and 22 days at 25 °C (r2 = 0.991), respectively. In ETHGs, it was determined that the gel was transparent at 4 °C, and transparent/yellowish at 25 °C, ± 60% relative humidity. The gel system showed good physicochemical properties at both 4 and 25 °C. The

The role of sulfonate groups and hydrogen bonding in the proton conductivity of two coordination networks

• Ali Javed,
• Felix Steinke,
• Stephan Wöhlbrandt,
• Hana Bunzen,
• Norbert Stock and
• Michael Tiemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 437–443, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.36

• these, proton-conducting solid materials show significant potential in the development of novel membranes for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, PEM electrolyzers, and for humidity sensors [5][6][7]. The goal is to overcome the restrictions of state-of-the-art proton-conducting membrane

• materials such as Nafion. Despite its high proton conductivity of ca. 0.1 S·cm−1 at 80 °C and 98% relative humidity (r.h.), Nafion exhibits some shortcomings, including high cost, sophisticated manufacturing processes, and stringent operating conditions [8]. Therefore, a variety of new functional network

• strongly humidity- and temperature-dependent. We discuss how differences in the conduction behavior may be related to the respective structural properties. Results and Discussion The compounds [Mg(H2O)2(H3L)]·H2O and [Pb2(HL)]·H2O were synthesized using the linker molecule H5L (see Supporting Information

A non-enzymatic electrochemical hydrogen peroxide sensor based on copper oxide nanostructures

• Irena Mihailova,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Marina Krasovska,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Valdis Mizers,
• Andrejs Bulanovs and
• Andrejs Ogurcovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 424–436, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.35

• environmental conditions (20 °C, 40% relative humidity) for one week, the signal level remained at 95% of the initial value. For samples stored under environmental conditions for a month, the signal level remained at 90% of the initial value. The influence of the environment and degree of sample degradation can

A chemiresistive sensor array based on polyaniline nanocomposites and machine learning classification

• Jiri Kroutil,
• Alexandr Laposa,
• Ali Ahmad,
• Jan Voves,
• Vojtech Povolny,
• Ladislav Klimsa,
• Marina Davydova and
• Miroslav Husak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 411–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.34

• deformation of the polyaniline conjugation chains. The summary of the gas sensor responses for all active layers is shown in Figure 9. All layers show an increasing resistivity as a clear response to CO, CO2, NH3, and NO2. Additionally, to exclude the influence of humidity on the sensor signal, the sensor

• arrays were exposed to various relative humidity levels ranging from 20% to 80% (Figure 10). The obtained results show a decreasing sensor response with increasing RH% value. This change in response toward relative humidity is due to the adsorption of water molecules and an increase of charge

Effect of sample treatment on the elastic modulus of locust cuticle obtained by nanoindentation

• Chuchu Li,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Hamed Rajabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 404–410, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.33

• controlled temperature (25–30 °C) and humidity (30%–40%), kept under natural day/night light and fed with fresh vegetables. Prior to any experiment, insects were euthanized with CO2. We used only adult individuals, 21 days after imaginal molt. Hind leg tibiae were cut off directly below the femur–tibia joint

Investigation of a memory effect in a Au/(Ti–Cu)Ox-gradient thin film/TiAlV structure

• Damian Wojcieszak,
• Jarosław Domaradzki,
• Michał Mazur,
• Tomasz Kotwica and
• Danuta Kaczmarek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 265–273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.21

• used. All electrical measurements were made at controlled room temperature (23 °C) and humidity (30% RH) in ambient air. Results Electrical properties The resistivity of the thin film was determined to be 1 × 103 Ω·cm. The type of electrical conductivity was determined on the basis of the sign of the

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• nanostructures such as nanotubes and nanowires have been utilized in photoelectrochemical sensing for the rapid and precise identification of biological analytes at low concentrations, useful for clinical diagnosis. These nanostructures have been employed for sensing humidity, oxygen, and hydrogen, inclusive of

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• collect the ejected polymer fibers. These are set up inside an enclosure in which ambient parameters, such as relative humidity, airflow, and temperature can be controlled. A high voltage is supplied to the metal spinneret. The polymer solution, pumped to the spinneret through the syringe, will be charged

• environmental conditions, primarily the relative humidity and the temperature. The effects of these parameters are interconnected, which makes it difficult to separate the impact of each parameter on the fiber properties. And the effect of each parameter can vary for different polymers such that dissimilar

• using lowly volatile CHCl3 while smooth, nonporous fibers were obtained when using highly volatile THF. The pore formation during electrospinning happens with phase separation, which can occur in two ways, namely thermally induced or vapor-induced, depending on temperature and humidity [38]. Hence, the

A photonic crystal material for the online detection of nonpolar hydrocarbon vapors

• Evgenii S. Bolshakov,
• Aleksander V. Ivanov,
• Andrei A. Kozlov,
• Anton S. Aksenov,
• Elena V. Isanbaeva,
• Sergei E. Kushnir,
• Aleksei D. Yapryntsev,
• Aleksander E. Baranchikov and
• Yury A. Zolotov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 127–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.9

• . The diffuse reflectance spectra have been recorded automatically by using the standard software “i1Share v1.4” (X-Rite, Incorporated, USA) and a scripting language program that allowed for receiving data on a preset periodic base. Temperature, pressure and humidity were monitored by a BMP280 sensor

Polarity in cuticular ridge development and insect attachment on leaf surfaces of Schismatoglottis calyptrata (Araceae)

• Venkata A. Surapaneni,
• Tobias Aust,
• Thomas Speck and
• Marc Thielen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1326–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.98

• temperatures, low humidity, and high light intensity, plants are known to develop thicker and (more) waxy cuticles [38][39][40]. Therefore, as described in the previous section, the ridge development on the leaves (Figure 2 and Figure 4) might depend upon the way that leaves are covered and protected (by being

• during mature leaf stages. Experimental Leaf collection and ontogenetic stages S. calyptrata plants (potted plant <0.5 m height) were cultivated in the glass houses of the Botanic Garden of the University of Freiburg, Germany. The average temperature and average relative humidity in the glass houses were

• 23.8 ± 0.4 °C and humidity of 41.5 ± 2.1% RH. Statistics The roughness, traction force and cell size data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis test followed by pairwise multiple comparisons using Dunn’s test adjusted with the Bonferroni correction. All statistical tests were performed using R software