Thermal control of the defunctionalization of supported Au₂₅(glutathione)₁₈ catalysts for benzyl alcohol oxidation

• Zahraa Shahin,
• Hyewon Ji,
• Rodica Chiriac,
• Nadine Essayem,
• Franck Rataboul and
• Aude Demessence

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 228–237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.21

• of gold-based materials [27][28][29][30][31]. In the literature, different gold thiolate clusters grafted on different supports were used to selectively oxidize benzyl alcohol. Thus, Au25(6-mercaptohexanoic)acid18@HAP (HAP – hydroxyapatite) was defunctionalized either by using tert-butyl

Targeting strategies for improving the efficacy of nanomedicine in oncology

• Gonzalo Villaverde and
• Alejandro Baeza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 168–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.16

• (BP) group at the end. BP acts as tissular targeting motif, due to its high affinity for the exposed mineral part of bones (hydroxyapatite). An RGD sequence conjugated with a peptide sequence cleavable by the action of cathepsin-K (CK) was incorporated within the hybrid chain. CK is a proteolytic

Characterization and influence of hydroxyapatite nanopowders on living cells

• Przemyslaw Oberbek,
• Tomasz Bolek,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Julia Rogowska-Tylman,
• Ganna Nechyporenko,
• Viktor Zinchenko,
• Wojciech Swieszkowski and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3079–3094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.286

• Nanomaterials, such as hydroxyapatite nanoparticles show a great promise for medical applications due to their unique properties at the nanoscale. However, there are concerns about the safety of using these materials in biological environments. Despite a great number of published studies of nanoobjects and

• manufacturing methods, are yet another problem to be taken into consideration. The aim of this work was to investigate the correlation between the properties of nanoscale hydroxyapatite from different synthesis methods and biological activity represented by the viability of four cell lines: A549, CHO, BEAS-2B

• and J774.1 to assess the influence of the nanoparticles on immune, reproductive and respiratory systems. Keywords: nanomaterials safety; biomaterials; tissue engineering; microscopic characterization; cytotoxicity; hydroxyapatite; Introduction Engineered nanomaterials have found applications in many

Hybrid Au@alendronate nanoparticles as dual chemo-photothermal agent for combined cancer treatment

• Anouchka Plan Sangnier,
• Romain Aufaure,
• Laurence Motte,
• Claire Wilhelm,
• Erwann Guenin and
• Yoann Lalatonne

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2947–2952, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.273

• phosphonate groups. The BP affinity for calcium is improved by adding a hydroxy (–OH) group, for instance in HMBP (hydroxylmethylene bisphosphonate), allowing for a tridentate coordination to Ca2+ ions (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S4) and leading to a high affinity to bone (hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4

Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Shanid Mohiyuddin,
• Saba Naqvi and
• Gopinath Packirisamy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233

•  2D. X-ray diffraction pattern X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed to assess the crystallinity of both CaP@5-FU NPs and CaP NPs, as shown in Figure 3B and Figure 3A, respectively. A diffraction pattern with a 2θ value of 31.8 (d value 2.804) confirms the hydroxyapatite (HAP) formation [33

• were prepared by a reverse micelle microemulsion method. The highly monodisperse nanoparticles were synthesized and subsequently validated by the presence of phosphate ester bonds in FTIR analysis and again the presence of the hydroxyapatite peak in the XRD analysis confirmed their successful formation

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

• nanocellulose for example, is desired due to their good performance in the removal of organic pollutants. Hokkanen et al. [88] reported that calcium hydroxyapatite-microfibrillated cellulose adsorbent was effective for the removal of chromium (Cr(VI)) from aqueous solution. They found that calcium

• hydroxyapatite nanostructures can interact with cellulose structures effectively, resulting in the enhancement of nanocomposites properties due to their strong hydrogen bond, divalent character, and relatively small ionic radius. Anirudhan et al. [92] chemically modified a composite polymer to produce a poly

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

• , proteins, antibodies and DNA. A list of nanostructures that exist in the human body is presented in Table 1. Even some works categorize bone as a nanomaterial comprised of hierarchical inorganic nano-hydroxyapatite and organic collagen [243]. Additionally, micro-organisms such as viruses and bacteria are

Bi-layer sandwich film for antibacterial catheters

• Gerhard Franz,
• Florian Schamberger,
• Hamideh Heidari Zare,
• Sara Felicitas Bröskamp and
• Dieter Jocham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1982–2001, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.199

• ammonia, thereby enlarging the pH value. In turn, the formation of inorganic deposits (mainly hydroxyapatite, calcium oxalate and struvite) is promoted [5]. In ureteral stents with their maximum lumen of 1 mm, these deposits can completely block the drainage [6]. In both systems, the initial colonization

Recombinant DNA technology and click chemistry: a powerful combination for generating a hybrid elastin-like-statherin hydrogel to control calcium phosphate mineralization

• Mohamed Hamed Misbah,
• Mercedes Santos,
• Luis Quintanilla,
• Christina Günter,
• Matilde Alonso,
• Andreas Taubert and
• José Carlos Rodríguez-Cabello

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 772–783, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.80

• described. Thus, two different hydroxyapatite morphologies (cauliflower- and plate-like) have been formed. Overall, this study shows that crosslinking elastin-like recombinamers leads to interesting matrix materials for the generation of calcium phosphate composites with potential applications as

• biomaterials. Keywords: calcium phosphate; elastin-like recombinamers; hydroxyapatite; mineralization; SNA15; Introduction Combination of the specific properties of two materials is often a key to generating a new material, whose properties are superior to those of its individual components, with improved

• these CP structures, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD), hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) have attracted attention because of their potential applications [2][3]. HA is a stable crystalline phase that forms the main inorganic component of bone and teeth [2][4]. HA has a nanorod

Uptake of the proteins HTRA1 and HTRA2 by cells mediated by calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Olga Rotan,
• Katharina N. Severin,
• Simon Pöpsel,
• Alexander Peetsch,
• Melisa Merdanovic,
• Michael Ehrmann and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 381–393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.40

• ) is the number of nanoparticles per m3, w(CaP) the mass concentration of calcium phosphate in kg m−3, r(NP) the average radius of one nanoparticle (from SEM), m(NP) the mass of one nanoparticle, and ρ(CaP) the density of calcium phosphate, assumed as hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3OH; 3,140 kg m−3). The

Influence of hydrothermal synthesis parameters on the properties of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles

• Sylwia Kuśnieruk,
• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Agnieszka Chodara,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Stanislaw Gierlotka and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1586–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.153

• Hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles of tunable diameter were obtained by the precipitation method at room temperature and by microwave hydrothermal synthesis (MHS). The following parameters of the obtained nanostructured HAp were determined: pycnometric density, specific surface area, phase purity, lattice

• found when comparing the properties of some types of nanostructured hydroxyapatite with natural occurring apatite found in animal bones and teeth. Keywords: hydroxyapatite; microwave hydrothermal synthesis; nanoparticle size control; physical properties of HAp NPs; room temperature synthesis

• ; Introduction Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a naturally occurring mineral (a form of calcium apatite), which is also an inorganic component of bones, with approximately 8 wt % water, 22 wt % protein and 70 wt % mineral. HAp is a form of calcium phosphate with the chemical formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 and a hexagonal

Viability and proliferation of endothelial cells upon exposure to GaN nanoparticles

• Tudor Braniste,
• Ion Tiginyanu,
• Tibor Horvath,
• Simion Raevschi,
• Serghei Cebotari,
• Marco Lux,
• Axel Haverich and
• Andres Hilfiker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1330–1337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.124

• field). In comparison to other materials intensively investigated in this area (such as boron nitride nanotubes [13], barium titanate [14], or hydroxyapatite [15]), nanoscale GaN, in addition to its biocompatibility, shows strong enhancement of the piezoelectric properties compared to the bulk material

On the pathway of cellular uptake: new insight into the interaction between the cell membrane and very small nanoparticles

• Claudia Messerschmidt,
• Daniel Hofmann,
• Anja Kroeger,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder and
• Ingo Lieberwirth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1296–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.121

• increasing the permeability of the plasma membrane. The accumulation of calcium taking the form of insoluble hydroxyapatite (Ca phosphate) inside mitochondria during a necrotic process is a well-known and documented phenomenon during this process [37][38]. A lot of data concerning cytotoxicity of

Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

• Rasheed Atif and
• Fawad Inam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1174–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.109

• uniform dispersion of the filler in the matrix is the most important issue. Aggregated filler acts as stress concentrator and severely deteriorates the mechanical properties. Nano-fillers can be assembled in the matrix in different ways. It has been shown that nano-sized hydroxyapatite (HA) particles are

Simultaneous cancer control and diagnosis with magnetic nanohybrid materials

• Reza Saadat and
• Franz Renz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 121–125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.14

• phosphonate containing chelate ligand and injected into the body. The tracer enriches in the hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) and can be used for investigations of the bone metabolism [10][11][12]. Modifications of the functional groups of the ligand enables the use of the Ga complex in a different way: PET

Fabrication of hybrid nanocomposite scaffolds by incorporating ligand-free hydroxyapatite nanoparticles into biodegradable polymer scaffolds and release studies

• Balazs Farkas,
• Marina Rodio,
• Ilaria Romano,
• Alberto Diaspro,
• Romuald Intartaglia and
• Szabolcs Beke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2217–2223, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.227

• composite thin films of hydroxyapatite (HA) and biodegradable polymers by combining pulsed laser ablation in liquid and mask-projection excimer laser stereolithography (MPExSL). Ligand-free HA nanoparticles were prepared by ultrafast laser ablation of a HA target in a solvent, and then the nanoparticles

• gradual release of the hydroxyapatite nanoparticles over thin film biodegradation is reported. Keywords: biodegradable scaffolds; biodegradation; hydroxyapatite; laser ablation in liquid; stereolithography; Introduction Interfaces between osteochondral prosthetics and the surrounding bone tissue are of

• great importance with regard to the promotion and enhancement of biological fixation (firm bonding of the implant to the host bone by on-growth or ingrowth). Hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) are one of the most commonly used materials in osteochondral tissue engineering, since they bear chemical

Biopolymer colloids for controlling and templating inorganic synthesis

• Laura C. Preiss,
• Katharina Landfester and
• Rafael Muñoz-Espí

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2129–2138, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.222

• by Müller et al. [31]. From the mineral side, the most investigated systems are by far the calcium minerals because of their biological importance: calcium carbonate [16][17][18][20][32], calcium oxalate [23][24][25][26][33], and calcium phosphates (including hydroxyapatite) [22]. Nevertheless

• higher catalytic activity than bulk tungsten trioxide. Other materials, such as cobalt-Prussian blue nanoparticles [75], Zn–Al layered double hydroxide [76], hydroxyapatite [77], and calcium carbonate [78], were also prepared within, or in the presence of, chitosan gels. In a biological approach, calcium

• gold salts. Like other gel biopolymer templates, gelatin has also been used in silicate sol–gel processes [72][85][86]. Ethirajan et al. [87] used the confinement provided by gelatin particles prepared through a miniemulsion to template the crystallization of hydroxyapatite (Figure 7). A further

Ionic liquid-assisted formation of cellulose/calcium phosphate hybrid materials

• Ahmed Salama,
• Mike Neumann,
• Christina Günter and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1553–1568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.167

• thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis show that, depending on the reaction conditions, cellulose/hydroxyapatite, cellulose/chlorapatite, or cellulose/monetite composites form. Preliminary studies with MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts show that the cells proliferate on the hybrid materials suggesting that

• mineralization of carbohydrates with various calcium phosphates. Falini and coworkers used β-chitin from a squid pen for mineralization of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) [14][15]. They found a distinct change of the chitin fiber organization on OCP mineralization. Moreover, the OCP–HAP

• inorganic matter in the IL, but dispersed prefabricated hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles into a solution of cellulose in [Bmim][Cl] to form composites with limited homogeneity. Besides the approaches introduced above, [Bmim][Cl] has also been used for calcium carbonate precipitation [53]. [Bmim][Cl] is

Nanoporous composites prepared by a combination of SBA-15 with Mg–Al mixed oxides. Water vapor sorption properties

• Amaury Pérez-Verdejo,
• Alvaro Sampieri,
• Heriberto Pfeiffer,
• Mayra Ruiz-Reyes,
• Juana-Deisy Santamaría and
• Geolar Fetter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1226–1234, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.136

• composite materials. For example, basic and acidic materials such as hydrotalcite and hydroxyapatite can be combined to produce composite materials whose structure, texture and morphology are unique and determined by the interaction between them [6][7]. More specifically, these interactions determine the

• porosity or the surface area and the particle size. SBA-15 and MCM-41 have also been successfully used as hosts to incorporate hydroxyapatite nanocrystals to obtain active composites acting as efficient fluoride adsorbents from contaminated water [8]. Furthermore, the in situ SBA-15, previously modified

Biocalcite, a multifunctional inorganic polymer: Building block for calcareous sponge spicules and bioseed for the synthesis of calcium phosphate-based bone

• Xiaohong Wang,
• Heinz C. Schröder and
• Werner E. G. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 610–621, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.72

• phosphate/hydroxyapatite (HA). Evidence has been presented that during the initial phase of HA synthesis poorly crystalline carbonated apatite is deposited. Recent data summarized here indicate that during early bone formation calcium carbonate deposits enzymatically formed by CA, act as potential bioseeds

• crown mammals, the calcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite (HA)-based skeletal systems. The understanding of the genetic blueprint of any morphogenetic event must begin with the identification and functional characterization of the individual expressed genes (proteins), followed by the elucidation of the

• CaCl2) at a corresponding vmax of 24.9 ± 3.7 mmol·mL−1·min−1. Carbonic anhydrase: Evidence for forming bioseeds during mammalian hydroxyapatite formation Our experimental data show that SaOS-2 cells, exposed to bicarbonate and the MAC, form a significantly increased amount of Ca-deposits, as analyzed by

Exploring the retention properties of CaF₂ nanoparticles as possible additives for dental care application with tapping-mode atomic force microscope in liquid

• Matthias Wasem,
• Joachim Köser,
• Sylvia Hess,
• Enrico Gnecco and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 36–43, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.4

• the purpose to protect the inner sensitive part of the teeth from physical or chemical attacks. It consists of tightly packed hydroxyapatite crystals and has a thickness of up to 2.5 mm. The solubility of enamel depends highly on the pH value [20]. The consumption of acidic beverages directly lowers

Modulation of defect-mediated energy transfer from ZnO nanoparticles for the photocatalytic degradation of bilirubin

• Tanujjal Bora,
• Karthik K. Lakshman,
• Soumik Sarkar,
• Abhinandan Makhal,
• Samim Sardar,
• Samir K. Pal and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 714–725, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.81

• molecular transformation of water-insoluble BR through photocatalysis is limited, a few studies are available on the photocatalytic degradation of BR adsorbed on nanostructured hydroxyapatite coatings [23] or molecularly imprinted titania films [24]. The current study focuses on the efficient utilization of

Nano-FTIR chemical mapping of minerals in biological materials

• Sergiu Amarie,
• Paul Zaslansky,
• Yusuke Kajihara,
• Erika Griesshaber,
• Wolfgang W. Schmahl and
• Fritz Keilmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 312–323, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.35

• 1063 cm−1 (as also in hydroxyapatite) and a weak one at 1090 cm−1, as shown in Figure 12b (for comparison we also show reflectivity spectra that nearly match for both apatites). The strong near-field resonance obviously comes from the strong infrared-active mode at 1030 cm−1, and thus is up-shifted by

• for hydroxyapatite, where indeed the last two peaks were found to be strongly split by the nonspherical shape of the particles [52]. Similar values were reported in other studies [24][53][54]. As the mineral in dentin and bone consists of isolated, locally ordered apatite platelets, strong

• assume f = 1 for enamel, which consists nearly entirely of hydroxyapatite nanocrystals. For simplicity we assume a flat spectrum sO. By setting sO = 0.00006 we then determine f = 0.54, 0.30, and 0.26 for the spectra 1, 2, and 3, respectively. With these values we compute the mineral component normalized

Ceria/silicon carbide core–shell materials prepared by miniemulsion technique

• Lars Borchardt,
• Martin Oschatz,
• Robert Frind,
• Emanuel Kockrick,
• Martin R. Lohe,
• Christoph P. Hauser,
• Clemens K. Weiss,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Bernd Büchner and
• Stefan Kaskel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 638–644, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.67

• functionalized polymer spheres coated with hydroxyapatite. Accordingly, we used the surface functionalized PCS/acrylic acid spheres for the growth of a CeO2 shell. Additionally, dip coating of the unfunctionalized PCS spheres in an ethanolic Ce(NO3)3 solution was investigated. Functionalized as well as