Plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence from TiO₂ and TeO₂ thin films doped by Eu³⁺ for optoelectronic applications

• Marcin Łapiński,
• Jakub Czubek,
• Katarzyna Drozdowska,
• Anna Synak,
• Wojciech Sadowski and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1271–1278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.94

• luminescence properties of europium-doped titanium dioxide and tellurium oxide thin films enhanced by gold plasmonic nanostructures. We propose a new type of plasmon structure with an ultrathin dielectric film between plasmonic platform and luminescent material. Plasmonic platforms were manufactured through

• investigated by SEM and TEM, while the composition of oxides film was analyzed by XPS. Luminescence properties were studied on the basis of excitation and emission spectra. The experiments show that the additional dielectric layer enhances the luminescence intensity. Such structures could be potential

• candidates as phosphors in white LEDs. Keywords: gold nanostructures; luminescence; plasmon resonance; Introduction The rapid development of optoelectronics leads to challenges in the search for new luminescence materials. Especially the fabrication of white LEDs requires more efficient phosphors

Criteria ruling particle agglomeration

• Dieter Vollath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1093–1100, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.81

• Dieter Vollath NanoConsulting, Primelweg 3, 76297 Stutensee, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.12.81 Abstract Most of the technically important properties of nanomaterials, such as superparamagnetism or luminescence, depend on the particle size. During synthesis and handling of nanoparticles, agglomeration

• ; Introduction Many properties of technical importance of nanomaterials depend on the particle size. Typical examples are superparamagnetism, luminescence, or energetic applications. In many cases, the particles show in an “as produced” state the requested size distributions. However, during handling or storage

Assessment of the optical and electrical properties of light-emitting diodes containing carbon-based nanostructures and plasmonic nanoparticles: a review

• Keshav Nagpal,
• Erwan Rauwel,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Protima Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1078–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.80

• compared to pure CNT, they could therefore provide a workable pathway to enhance the lifetime of the blue QLED. Moreover, due to the localized SPR of AgNP the brightness of blue QLED can also be improved significantly. Enhancement of the red luminescence has been possible by the addition of AuNP. Enhancing

• the green luminescence has not been widely studied in OLED and QLED. However, AgNP has the potential to enhance the green emission through the engineering of its shape and size in order to modify their SPR properties. OLED- and QLED-based displays are commercially available. Nonetheless, cost

High-yield synthesis of silver nanowires for transparent conducting PET films

• Gul Naz,
• Hafsa Asghar,
• Muhammad Ramzan,
• Muhammad Arshad,
• Rashid Ahmed,
• Muhammad Bilal Tahir,
• Bakhtiar Ul Haq,
• Nadeem Baig and
• Junaid Jalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 624–632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.51

• optoelectronics. Keywords: silver nanowires; high yield; visible luminescence; PET film; transmittance; sheet resistance; Introduction Several optoelectronic devices, such as solar cells, touch screens, LC displays, organic EL panels, light-emitting diodes, and organic light emitting diodes, use transparent

• operated at an accelerating voltage of 10 kV and ZEISS SEM operated at an accelerating voltage of 20 kV) were utilized. Luminescence measurements were carried out by using a Cary Eclipse MY18060003 photoluminescence spectrometer in the wavelength range of 400–700 nm while exciting the sample at 300 nm

Impact of GaAs(100) surface preparation on EQE of AZO/Al₂O₃/p-GaAs photovoltaic structures

• Piotr Caban,
• Rafał Pietruszka,
• Jarosław Kaszewski,
• Monika Ożga,
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski,
• Krzysztof Kopalko,
• Piotr Kuźmiuk,
• Katarzyna Gwóźdź,
• Ewa Płaczek-Popko,
• Krystyna Lawniczak-Jablonska and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 578–592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.48

• representing GaOx and the spectra of oxygen, in both cases, have two components with a slightly different proportion. Luminescence of the photovoltaic devices Figure 6 present the photoluminescence examination results obtained at RT (λexc = 300 nm) for the SA10-passivated samples (Figure 6a) and for the

• samples in which the sulfur-passivation step was skipped (Figure 6b). All spectra were normalized with respect to the feature located at approx. 450 nm. The signals below 400 nm are related to the near-band-edge emission (NBE) in zinc oxide [39]. The luminescence peaks at 413 and 434 nm were proposed

• ZnO [42] with intensity varying depending on the crystallization conditions. Additionally, local maxima may be discriminating the presumable presence of specific defects: 445, 458 (VZn), 480 (Zni+), 516 (VZn−, ZnO), and 560 nm (observed only in the B2 sample, possibly due to AsOx luminescence [43

Effect of different silica coatings on the toxicity of upconversion nanoparticles on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Helena Oliveira and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 35–48, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.3

• , UCNPs in aqueous dispersions undergo minor disintegration, which also results in the quenching of their luminescence intensity [8][10][18][19][20][21][22][23]. This concentration-dependent effect is especially significant when the dispersions are highly diluted [8][19][22], when the pH value is low [22

• that even a thin silica coating shell of <2 nm or of 5 nm can already reduce the luminescence quenching of UCNPs in an aqueous dispersion [19]. Besides, several studies revealed that silica-coated UCNPs have a low toxicity in vitro and in vivo compared with other nanoparticles [7][11][39]. Amorphous

• leakage of ions from the core. The UC emission spectrum shows the typical green and red Er3+ emission bands of Er- and Yb-doped NaYF4 NP (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2) [48][49][50]. The shape of the UC luminescence spectra is not influenced by the thickness of the silica coating, as reported

The influence of an interfacial hBN layer on the fluorescence of an organic molecule

• Christine Brülke,
• Oliver Bauer and
• Moritz M. Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1663–1684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.149

• I) a broad luminescence can be observed and on the high-energy side above 18,600 cm−1 (region III), there is a set of sharp peaks. However, the two spectra differ significantly between 18,000 and 18,600 cm−1 (region II) due to broad FL peaks (highlighted in yellow) present for hBN/Cu(111), but

• spectrum). An enhancement of radiative interband transitions has been reported for Cu nanoparticles [40]. We thus speculate that surface defects (protrusions) play a role here. This is in agreement with our observation that the intensity of this “defect luminescence” in region I depends on the exact

• ). These peaks shift according to the wavelength of the laser (see Appendix B). Notably, some Raman peaks are superposed in the region of the defect luminescence of the Cu(111) surface (region I), too. 2 Raman modes First, we will discuss the Raman lines. The peaks in the spectrum between 21,000 and 18,600

Ultrasensitive detection of cadmium ions using a microcantilever-based piezoresistive sensor for groundwater

• Dinesh Rotake,
• Anand Darji and
• Nitin Kale

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1242–1253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.108

• been already identified. Sensors based on luminescence or fluorescence sensors have been used by many researchers to selectively detect HMIs [17][18][19][20][21][22]. However, this method also requires laboratory equipment for analysis and detection. Also, most of the reported fluorescent probes reply

Hybridization vs decoupling: influence of an h-BN interlayer on the physical properties of a lander-type molecule on Ni(111)

• Maximilian Schaal,
• Takumi Aihara,
• Marco Gruenewald,
• Felix Otto,
• Jari Domke,
• Roman Forker,
• Hiroyuki Yoshida and
• Torsten Fritz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1168–1177, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.101

• layer was checked by XPS and LEED. DBP raw material was purchased from Luminescence Technology Corp (Lumtec, Taiwan) with a specified purity of >99%. To remove remaining impurities we applied two cycles of temperature gradient sublimation according to [46]. The growth of the DBP films was achieved by

Revealing the local crystallinity of single silicon core–shell nanowires using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Marius van den Berg,
• Ardeshir Moeinian,
• Arne Kobald,
• Yu-Ting Chen,
• Anke Horneber,
• Steffen Strehle,
• Alfred J. Meixner and
• Dai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1147–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.99

• , respectively. The white scale bar in panel a indicates 5 μm, and the yellow scale bars are 1 μm in panels d–f. a) SEM image of the tip used. b) Optical image of the tip in focus. c) Polarization angle-resolved luminescence of the tip in focus without a sample; an almost perfectly circular emission pattern is

A new photodetector structure based on graphene nanomeshes: an ab initio study

• Babak Sakkaki,
• Hassan Rasooli Saghai,
• Ghafar Darvish and
• Mehdi Khatir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1036–1044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.88

• applications possible. Saturable absorption, as a consequence of Pauli blocking and non-equilibrium carriers, results in hot luminescence that cannot be attained in conventional semiconductors. Hence, these properties make it an ideal photonic and optoelectronic material [1][2][3][4]. Photodetectors are a key

Band tail state related photoluminescence and photoresponse of ZnMgO solid solution nanostructured films

• Vadim Morari,
• Aida Pantazi,
• Nicolai Curmei,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Emil V. Rusu,
• Marius Enachescu,
• Ion M. Tiginyanu and
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 899–910, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.75

• defined by instrumental accuracy. The luminescence was investigated in films annealed at 400 °C and 500 °C. As seen from Figure 4, the PL spectra of films annealed at 500 °C consist of a broad emission band at both room temperature and low temperatures, which shifts to higher photon energies with

• the alloy. Moreover, the luminescence is excited by the photon energy (3.81 eV) much lower than the bandgap for the thin film with the x value of 0.40 (4.28 eV). The same is true for the luminescence measured at low temperature (Table 2). The bandgap of the alloy at low temperature was recalculated

• in the formation of deep band tails in the gap. As for the samples annealed at 400 °C, the luminescence spectra revealed the presence of two PL bands, as shown in Figure 5, which is indicative of the presence of two components in the samples. The lower energy PL band comes from ZnO crystallites

Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin–photon interface

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Faraz A. Inam,
• Shin-ichiro Sato and
• Alberto Boretti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 740–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.61

• as outlined in Table 2. In Table 2 the SPS criteria are described for specific application requirements. h-BN optical point defects and SPSs Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is boron nitride’s most used polymorph. The electronic structure of h-BN has been studied by luminescence, as well as by other

• means, such as optical reflectance and absorption, electron energy loss spectroscopy, X-ray absorption, emission, and inelastic scattering. Regarding luminescence studies, PL is the light emission, i.e., the electromagnetic radiation from matter after the absorption of photons. It is originated by

• close to 4 eV for the dominant form of h-BN. A laser effect at λ = 215 nm in a monocrystalline sample under e-beam excitation observed with excitation at 262 nm was reported by Watanabe et al. [88]. Data about the h-BN PL is still scattered, despite the fact that a fine-structure luminescence considered

Soybean-derived blue photoluminescent carbon dots

• Shanshan Wang,
• Wei Sun,
• Dong-sheng Yang and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 606–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.48

• luminescence properties. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), which can be considered as a “green technology”, has been used to produce photoluminescent CDs from biomass, including glucose, sucrose, citric acid [19], chitosan [20], orange juice [21], grass [22] and soy milk [10]. For example, Sahu et al. [21

Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications

• Nonappa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 533–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.42

• ; biosensing; gold nanoclusters; immunoassay; luminescence; self-assembly; theranostics; Introduction Imaging methods play a central role in understanding the structural and functional biological processes of biomolecules, cells, tissues, organs, and even entire living organisms [1][2]. The importance of

• ]. Luminescence can also be achieved via intramolecular energy transfer between an organic ligand and lanthanide metal ions through chelation [11]. Large Stokes shift, high quantum yield and long fluorescence lifetime make lanthanide complexes excellent candidates in imaging applications [12][13]. The lanthanide

• luminescent nanomaterials [30]. Despite the early discovery of the luminescence phenomenon in bulk gold and gold films, the PL of gold remained unexplored for several decades [31][32]. This is attributed to the low quantum yield (10−10), which limited the practical application and the understanding of the

Interfacial charge transfer processes in 2D and 3D semiconducting hybrid perovskites: azobenzene as photoswitchable ligand

• Nicole Fillafer,
• Tobias Seewald,
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 466–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.38

• virtual level. Usually trap states and lattice defects in the surface region lead to a high concentration of charge carriers and to radiative recombination with a bright luminescence [51][52]. Instead, electrons from the high virtual level can be transferred also to an excited state of the azobenzene

Nanoarchitectonics: bottom-up creation of functional materials and systems

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 450–452, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.36

• spectroscopy [37], bio-nanocomposites with clay nanoarchitectures for electrochemical devices [38], a biomimetic nanofluidic diode with polymeric carbon nitride nanotubes [39], and a unique Janus-micromotor applied as a luminescence sensor for sensitive TNT detection [40]. The variety of nanoarchitectonics

Using gold nanoparticles to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms: toward liquid biopsy

• María Sanromán Iglesias and
• Marek Grzelczak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 263–284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.20

• the distance between metallic and semiconductor components by a DNA machine (Figure 11). Their system consisted of a CdS film, a composite of AuNPs (5 nm) and hairpin DNA, a primer, and polymerase and NEase. In the presence of AuNPs–hairpin DNA, the luminescence of CdS was quenched (Figure 11A). The

• luminescence was recovered after adding target DNA, causing a conformational transition from hairpin to linear DNA. This opening initiated polymerization of DNA (Figure 11C), which in turn displaced previously hybridized target DNA (Figure 11D). In such a design, one target DNA strand could open many hairpin

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

• Arianna Gennari,
• Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
• Erwin Hohn,
• Maria Pelliccia,
• Enrique Lallana,
• Roberto Donno,
• Annalisa Tirella and
• Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

• after cell lysate centrifugation (4,500 rpm, 2 min) using the ONE Glo luciferase assay following manufacturer’s instructions. The relative luminescence units (RLU) were measured using a Synergy2 Biotek plate reader (Gen5 data acquisition software), and normalized against the total protein content (BCA

Self-assembly of a terbium(III) 1D coordination polymer on mica

• Quentin Evrard,
• Giuseppe Cucinotta,
• Felix Houard,
• Guillaume Calvez,
• Yan Suffren,
• Carole Daiguebonne,
• Olivier Guillou,
• Andrea Caneschi,
• Matteo Mannini and
• Kevin Bernot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2440–2448, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.234

• three preferential directions 60° apart from another. The magnetic properties and the luminescence of the nanochains can be detected without the need of surface-dedicated instrumentation. The intermediate value of the observed luminescence lifetime of the deposits (132 µs) compared to that of the bulk

• (375 µs) and the CHCl3 solution (13 µs) further reinforces the idea of water-induced growth. Keywords: atomic force microscopy (AFM); luminescence; nanostructuration; polymer; self-assembly; surface; terbium complexes; Introduction The study of materials for the realization of novel magnetic [1][2][3

• ]. Moreover, TbIII ions are known to exhibit a strong green luminescence under UV irradiation [14]. Similar to what has been observed for other lanthanide ions, the luminescence emission spectrum is characterized by a line shape that is barely affected by the ionic environment because of the inner nature of

Coating of upconversion nanoparticles with silica nanoshells of 5–250 nm thickness

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Maysoon Saleh,
• Bastian Rühle,
• Ute Resch-Genger and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2410–2421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.231

• . Accordingly, the broad signal of the amorphous silica at 2θ = 20–25° becomes more dominant with increasing thickness of the silica shell. These data indicate that the crystal structure of the UCNP cores is not changed during the silica shell formation process. Figure 3 shows the upconversion luminescence (UCL

• zeta cells DTS 1070 from Malvern Instruments. The concentration of the samples in all measurements was between 0.5 and 1 mg/mL. Measurements of the upconversion luminescence (UCL) The UCL measurements were carried out with a FluoroMax-4 spectrometer from Horiba Jobin Yvon equipped with a 2 W 980 nm

Nonlinear absorption and scattering of a single plasmonic nanostructure characterized by x-scan technique

• Tushar C. Jagadale,
• Dhanya S. Murali and
• Shi-Wei Chu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2182–2191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.211

• -photon luminescence (TPL). Typically, laser intensities of gigawatts per square centimeter are necessary to induce SHG or TPL [24][25]. Yet, in our case, the excitation intensity is on the order of megawatts per square centimeter, hence, three orders of magnitude lower. In our earlier work, we suggested

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications

• Alberto Boretti,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Jonathan Blackledge and
• Stefania Castelletto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2128–2151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.207

Improved adsorption and degradation performance by S-doping of (001)-TiO₂

• Xiao-Yu Sun,
• Xian Zhang,
• Xiao Sun,
• Ni-Xian Qian,
• Min Wang and
• Yong-Qing Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2116–2127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.206

• carriers, because increased photo-generated electron–hole pair recombination results in a stronger luminescence intensity. Figure 9 representatively shows the PL spectra of the 2-S0, 2-S0.5, 2-S2, 2-S3 and 2-S5 samples. For all the samples, the emission peaks are located at 421, 474 and 541 nm. The

• emission peak at 421 nm results from the interband transition of TiO2. The emission peaks at 474 and 541 nm can be attributed to the radiative recombination of the self-trapped excitons and the hydroxylated Ti3+ surface complexes, respectively [53][54]. Obviously, the luminescence intensity initially

• increases for larger RS/Ti with sample 2-S2 having the strongest luminous intensity. Then, for samples 2-S3 to 2-S5, the luminescence intensity decreases again with sample 2-S5 having the weakest intensity. In contrast, no such obvious change of the luminescence intensity with increasing RS/Ti has been

Review of advanced sensor devices employing nanoarchitectonics concepts

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Tatsuyuki Makita,
• Masato Ito,
• Taizo Mori,
• Shun Watanabe and
• Jun Takeya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2014–2030, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.198

• structure and switchable luminescence capability for sensitive water detection [131]. The metal–organic framework sensor was prepared from Zn and (5-(2-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)isophthalic acid) ligands, the latter of which shows a characteristic excited state