Surface characterization of nanoparticles using near-field light scattering

• Eunsoo Yoo,
• Yizhong Liu,
• Chukwuazam A. Nwasike,
• Sebastian R. Freeman,
• Brian C. DiPaolo,
• Bernardo Cordovez and
• Amber L. Doiron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1228–1238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.114

• microscope is efficient in characterization of polymer-coated nanoparticles. However, due to the fact that the nanoparticle scattering intensity depends on the dielectric constant of the material, multicomponent particle coatings, especially those on metallic or metal oxide materials such as those studied

Heterostuctures of 4-(chloromethyl)phenyltrichlorosilane and 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)-21H,23H-porphine prepared on Si(111) using particle lithography: Nanoscale characterization of the main steps of nanopatterning

• Phillip C. Chambers and
• Jayne C. Garno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1211–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.112

• structures of CMPS provide sites with benzyl halide for linking porphyrins to the surface at both the top as well as at the sides of nanopatterns. Particle lithography with successive steps of immersion reactions were used to prepare reactive surface sites to generate multicomponent nanostructures of

• submonolayer surface coverage relative to the ideal height (2.6 nm) of a densely packed OTS monolayer [25][41]. The nanoholes within OTS that were generated with particle lithography will serve as sites for further reactions with CMPS and H2TPyP to produce multicomponent nanostructures. Methyl-terminated OTS

Design of polar self-assembling lactic acid derivatives possessing submicrometre helical pitch

• Alexej Bubnov,
• Cyril Vacek,
• Michał Czerwiński,
• Terezia Vojtylová,
• Wiktor Piecek and
• Věra Hamplová

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 333–341, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.33

• interactions that take place and are responsible for the self-organisation behaviour can be accurately adjusted by a specific molecular design, for example, by creating the mesogenic molecule using various structural or functional blocks [7][8] or even further tuned by the design of advanced LC multicomponent

• derivatives demonstrate their high ability to be used as smart and functional dopants for the design and tailoring of the advanced multicomponent LC mixtures [21][22][23][24][25] and LC composite materials [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] and tuning their properties. It is quite obvious that the weakening of

• multicomponent mixtures [44][47][48][49][50] only can fulfil. The main objective of this work is to design new materials and to look for the structure–property relationship of specific lactic acid derivatives containing one lactate group and the keto linkage group attached to the molecular core far from the

Material discrimination and mixture ratio estimation in nanocomposites via harmonic atomic force microscopy

• Weijie Zhang,
• Yuhang Chen,
• Xicheng Xia and
• Jiaru Chu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2771–2780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.276

• may occur. It was also found that the laser spot position affects the harmonic signal strengths as expected. Based on these investigations, harmonic AFM was employed to identify material components and estimate the mixture ratio in multicomponent materials. The composite samples are composed of

Two-dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites for photocatalytic energy generation and environmental remediation applications

• Suneel Kumar,
• Ashish Kumar,
• Ashish Bahuguna,
• Vipul Sharma and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1571–1600, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.159

Micro- and nano-surface structures based on vapor-deposited polymers

• Hsien-Yeh Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1366–1374, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.138

• structures, i.e., chemically and topographically defined interfaces, has recently attracted considerable attention, and multifunctional and/or synergistic activities of using such interfaces were successfully demonstrated. The performed approaches were (i) synthesis/deposition of multicomponent copolymers

• depositions of different functional polymer films; the hierarchical structure of the outer layer and exposed underneath layers forms the multifunctional interface (Figure 4). Vapor-based multicomponent copolymers can be synthesized through CVD in one step by introducing independent monomers into the

• polymerization chamber to form a multi-phasic reactive species (monomer vapors). The copolymerization processes spontaneously occur when the multicomponent copolymer coatings form on substrates [41][46][47]. A wide range of functionalities was demonstrated: combinations of active esters, carbonyls, amino groups

Atomic structure of Mg-based metallic glass investigated with neutron diffraction, reverse Monte Carlo modeling and electron microscopy

• Rafał Babilas,
• Dariusz Łukowiec and
• Laszlo Temleitner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1174–1182, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.119

• , Hungary 10.3762/bjnano.8.119 Abstract The structure of a multicomponent metallic glass, Mg65Cu20Y10Ni5, was investigated by the combined methods of neutron diffraction (ND), reverse Monte Carlo modeling (RMC) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The RMC method, based on the

• transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography. Despite this, detailed information on the atomic configuration of the multicomponent Mg-based glassy alloys is not often reported. This work aims at describing the structure of Mg65Cu20Y10Ni5 glass before and after annealing by experimental and

• nanocrystalline structure of a multicomponent alloy was also observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) using specific techniques of structure observation. Experimental The investigations were conducted on multicomponent Mg65Cu20Y10Ni5 (atom %) metallic glass. The samples were prepared

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

• , multicomponent NPs have been also integrated with graphene, but such examples are still very few to date [29]. In a photovoltaic cell, sunlight energy is directly converted to electricity. Graphene and graphene–NP hybrids have been investigated extensively in the field of solar cells because of their unique

Nanostructured SnO₂–ZnO composite gas sensors for selective detection of carbon monoxide

• Paul Chesler,
• Cristian Hornoiu,
• Susana Mihaiu,
• Cristina Vladut,
• Jose Maria Calderon Moreno,
• Mihai Anastasescu,
• Carmen Moldovan,
• Bogdan Firtat,
• Costin Brasoveanu,
• George Muscalu,
• Ion Stan and
• Mariuca Gartner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2045–2056, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.195

• [6][7], the addition of a noble metal [8] or oxide catalysts [9], surface modification [10][11], manipulation of the nanostructure [12], the use of multicomponent (or composite) sensing films [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], electronic noses, advanced signal processing techniques

Correlative infrared nanospectroscopic and nanomechanical imaging of block copolymer microdomains

• Benjamin Pollard and
• Markus B. Raschke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 605–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.53

• channel alone. These variations suggest that regions of multicomponent chemical composition, such as the interfacial mixing regions between microdomains, are correlated with high spatial heterogeneity in nanoscale material properties. Keywords: block copolymers, force–distance nanomechanical spectroscopy

Case studies on the formation of chalcogenide self-assembled monolayers on surfaces and dissociative processes

• Yongfeng Tong,
• Tingming Jiang,
• Azzedine Bendounan,
• Makri Nimbegondi Kotresh Harish,
• Angelo Giglia,
• Stefan Kubsky,
• Fausto Sirotti,
• Luca Pasquali,
• Srinivasan Sampath and
• Vladimir A. Esaulov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 263–277, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.24

• . Interestingly, on transition metals such as Rh, W and Ni, there are observations of multicomponent S 2p spectra [66][67][68], which could be due to some type of interface sulfide layers. Understanding the interfaces in these situations is thus very important. A good knowledge of monolayer atomic chalcogen

• photoemission study was therefore performed [82], revealing multicomponent S 2p spectra with different CLBEs corresponding to differently coordinated S atoms for different coverages (Figure 2b,c). The spectra in Figure 2b,c were taken after a pristine UHV prepared Cu surface was dipped into a Na2S solution and

• . Interestingly, in this case, on both the initial selenized surface and after annealing, we obtained multicomponent spectra. In both cases, from angular emission measurements the lower energy feature appears to correspond to outer lying Se atoms. The LEED results for the annealed surface [48] were akin to the √7

Light-powered, artificial molecular pumps: a minimalistic approach

• Giulio Ragazzon,
• Massimo Baroncini,
• Serena Silvi,
• Margherita Venturi and
• Alberto Credi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2096–2104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.214

• nanoscale devices, including mechanical switches [13][14], tweezers [15], valves [16], gyroscopes [17], elevators [18], and linear [19] and rotary [20] motors. Multicomponent molecular systems such as rotaxanes and related species are frequently used to realize molecular devices and machines [4][5][6][7][8

Simulation of thermal stress and buckling instability in Si/Ge and Ge/Si core/shell nanowires

• Suvankar Das,
• Amitava Moitra,
• Mishreyee Bhattacharya and
• Amlan Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1970–1977, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.201

• that an infinitely long, freestanding NW is effectively simulated. In these simulations, the Tersoff potential designed for multicomponent systems [26] has been used to model the interatomic interactions. Although this form of potential does not capture the features of surface reconstruction very well

Two-phase equilibrium states in individual Cu–Ni nanoparticles: size, depletion and hysteresis effects

• Aram S. Shirinyan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1811–1820, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.185

• isolated nanoparticle; surface-induced size effect; thermodynamic approach; Introduction One of the key questions in nanoscience is related to the problem of equilibrium phase diagrams variation for multicomponent finite systems with size decreasing. One of the most extensively studied size effects (first

• and foremost for pure materials) is the size-dependent melting temperature shift which is usually observed and explained in accordance to the so called capillary effect (surface-to-volume ratio or Laplace pressure) [1][2][3]. Somewhat less attention has been paid to binary and multicomponent

• first-order phase transformations which start from a new phase nucleation (nucleation energy barrier) and it should be taken into account. Size effects in multicomponent nanomaterials, where the first-order phase transformation starts from a nucleation and includes a change of composition of chemical

Thermal energy storage – overview and specific insight into nitrate salts for sensible and latent heat storage

• Nicole Pfleger,
• Thomas Bauer,
• Claudia Martin,
• Markus Eck and
• Antje Wörner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1487–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.154

• density there are consistent data from the literature in the liquid range. Also the density of multicomponent nitrate mixtures consisting of Ca(NO3)2, KNO3, LiNO3 and NaNO3 has been investigated [15]. It was shown that the temperature dependent molar volume can be estimated by a linear volumetric

• alternative method significantly reduces the number of experiments to identify the compositions of minimum melting mixtures. The principle of the method is that the liquidus temperature of salts can be reduced by an increased number of ions. In other words, multicomponent salt mixtures can have lower liquidus

• temperatures as compared to simple binary or ternary salt systems. The liquid to solid phase transition of multicomponent salt mixtures is most conveniently obtained by inspection of the liquidus temperature in phase diagrams. The determination of phase diagrams however gets more challenging the more ionic

Growth and morphological analysis of segmented AuAg alloy nanowires created by pulsed electrodeposition in ion-track etched membranes

• Ina Schubert,
• Loic Burr,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1272–1280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.131

• Abstract Background: Multicomponent heterostructure nanowires and nanogaps are of great interest for applications in sensorics. Pulsed electrodeposition in ion-track etched polymer templates is a suitable method to synthesise segmented nanowires with segments consisting of two different types of materials

• synthesised by electrodeposition in membranes, and are ideal model systems for investigation of surface plasmons. Keywords: AuAg alloy; cyclic voltammetry; electrodeposition; ion-track technology; nanogaps; segmented nanowires; Introduction The synthesis of multicomponent heterostructure nanowires is

• segmented or alloy nanowires are being developed and characterized. Their applications in the fields of optics [5][6][7][8], magnetism [9][10], electronics [11][12] and solar harvesting [13][14][15] are envisaged. The functionality of the multicomponent nanostructures is determined by their properties

Magnetic properties of iron cluster/chromium matrix nanocomposites

• Arne Fischer,
• Robert Kruk,
• Di Wang and
• Horst Hahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1158–1163, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.117

• treatment steps, i.e., quenching, annealing combined with plastic deformation, in order to obtain the multicomponent multiphase structures optimized for advanced structural and functional applications [1]. Besides the pathways used during the preparation of the alloys, their final nano- and microstructure

Electrical properties of single CdTe nanowires

• Elena Matei,
• Camelia Florica,
• Andreea Costas,
• María Eugenia Toimil-Molares and
• Ionut Enculescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 444–450, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.45

• stoichiometric composition for a rather wide range of electrode potentials and the ability to tune the bath composition over a rather wide range. Practically, the electrodeposition of multicomponent materials (either alloys or compounds) is related to the differences in reduction potentials for each component

Electrical response of liquid crystal cells doped with multi-walled carbon nanotubes

• Amanda García-García,
• Ricardo Vergaz,
• José F. Algorri,
• Xabier Quintana and
• José M. Otón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 396–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.39

• electrical parameters can be established. This work intends to describe CNT-doped LC cells by means of an EEC. Instead of designing a complicated multicomponent EEC, a simple EEC already employed to describe undoped cells will be tested. The validity of the EEC will be checked using CNTs as conductive

Functionalization of α-synuclein fibrils

• Simona Povilonienė,
• Vida Časaitė,
• Virginijus Bukauskas,
• Arūnas Šetkus,
• Juozas Staniulis and
• Rolandas Meškys

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 124–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.12

• multicomponent biocomplexes that can be employed in a broad range of applications. In this paper, we report the construction of a new nanostructure – nanoladders, which was generated from amyloid fibrils formed by the α-SynC141 mutant protein. Genetically inserted cysteine residue allowed the chemical

• modification of the target protein. Novel well-ordered multicomponent nanoderivatives have been constructed by labelling α-SynC141 fibrils with biotin. The biotinylated fibrils have been further assembled with neutravidin-conjugated gold nanoparticles. The resulting structures were evaluated by AFM and TEM

• fibrils, and were of 5.27 ± 1.02 nm height (Figure 2E,F). The modification of the α-SynC141 protein with biotin before the fibrillization was also performed, but no fibril structures were observed after such alteration (data not shown). To construct multicomponent nanostructures, biotinylated α-SynC141

Inorganic Janus particles for biomedical applications

• Isabel Schick,
• Steffen Lorenz,
• Dominik Gehrig,
• Stefan Tenzer,
• Wiebke Storck,
• Karl Fischer,
• Dennis Strand,
• Frédéric Laquai and
• Wolfgang Tremel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2346–2362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.244

• -Weg 11, 55128 Mainz, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.5.244 Abstract Based on recent developments regarding the synthesis and design of Janus nanoparticles, they have attracted increased scientific interest due to their outstanding properties. There are several combinations of multicomponent hetero

The surface properties of nanoparticles determine the agglomeration state and the size of the particles under physiological conditions

• Christoph Bantz,
• Olga Koshkina,
• Thomas Lang,
• Hans-Joachim Galla,
• C. James Kirkpatrick,
• Roland H. Stauber and
• Michael Maskos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1774–1786, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.188

• evaluated by the so-called multicomponent analysis [28]. By this procedure, the measured autocorrelation function is subdivided into single components with each component again expressed as a discrete autocorrelation function. As the autocorrelation functions of single components cannot be determined by a

• fraction. As an example, the multicomponent analysis of the mixture of serum proteins (FCS), amorphous silica nanoparticles (NP) and the subsequently formed agglomerates at a scattering angle of 30° is shown in Figure 3. The autocorrelation function of pristine nanoparticles as well as that of the serum

• proteins were measured before and thus are preassigned. As result of the multicomponent analysis, the autocorrelation function of the mixture can be described as the autocorrelation function of serum proteins with an amplitude of 0.01 plus the autocorrelation function of pristine nanoparticles with an

Microstructural and plasmonic modifications in Ag–TiO₂ and Au–TiO₂ nanocomposites through ion beam irradiation

• Venkata Sai Kiran Chakravadhanula,
• Yogendra Kumar Mishra,
• Venkata Girish Kotnur,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi,
• Thomas Strunskus,
• Vladimir Zaporotchenko,
• Dietmar Fink,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Franz Faupel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.154

• Venkata Sai Kiran Chakravadhanula Yogendra Kumar Mishra Venkata Girish Kotnur Devesh Kumar Avasthi Thomas Strunskus Vladimir Zaporotchenko Dietmar Fink Lorenz Kienle Franz Faupel Chair for Multicomponent Materials, Institute for Materials Science, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2

Functionalized nanostructures for enhanced photocatalytic performance under solar light

• Liejin Guo,
• Dengwei Jing,
• Maochang Liu,
• Yubin Chen,
• Shaohua Shen,
• Jinwen Shi and
• Kai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 994–1004, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.113

• located in ABO3 structures, and functionalized multicomponent ABO3 materials can thus be prepared by partial substitution of cations in A and B sites [46][47][48]. In this approach, we have successfully synthesized hexagonal single-crystal nanosheet-based NaSbO3 and AgSbO3 hierarchical cuboidal

Multiple regimes of operation in bimodal AFM: understanding the energy of cantilever eigenmodes

• Daniel Kiracofe,
• Arvind Raman and
• Dalia Yablon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 385–393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.45

• this work we show a series of bimodal experiments on a multicomponent polymer blend using different combinations of eigenmodes. Bimodal AFM shows excellent contrast between the different components. We will show that there are several interesting effects that depend on the choice of eigenmodes and

• reversals on a multicomponent polymer blend. Higher eigenmode bimodal AFM (e.g., “1st eigenmode + 4th eigenmode”) behaves essentially the same as traditional bimodal AFM (“1st + 2nd”), when operated at similar energy levels. When the energy of the higher eigenmode is much smaller than the energy of the