Phase inversion-based nanoemulsions of medium chain triglyceride as potential drug delivery system for parenteral applications

• Eike Folker Busmann,
• Dailén García Martínez,
• Henrike Lucas and
• Karsten Mäder

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 213–224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.16

• system with a constant chemical potential and hence a constant osmotic pressure [16]. The aim of this study was to investigate the phase inversion-based production of a lipid nanocarrier without using phospholipids. Thus, instead of solid shelled nanocapsules, flexible nanoemulsions should be formed

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

• ones such as polyesters or polyacrylates. A second part focuses on important parameters for their design and the improvement of their efficiency. Finally, particular attention has been paid to the question of nanocarrier internalization and interaction with membranes (both biomimetic and cellular), and

• intravenous polymer nanocarrier are biocompatibility, stealthiness, optimal size (20–200 nm), polymer/drug affinity compatible with good encapsulation and release, and a design compatible with the targeted organ [4] (this includes the possible crossing of biological barriers). The aim of this review is to

• , the physical solubilization of the photosensitizer suffers from the risks of leakage from the nanocarrier before the target is reached. Leakage can be prevented when the photosensitizers are covalently linked to the polymer backbone. However, the photosensitizers are mostly inactive in the self

Internalization mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides

• Ivana Ruseska and
• Andreas Zimmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 101–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.10

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

• Arianna Gennari,
• Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
• Erwin Hohn,
• Maria Pelliccia,
• Enrique Lallana,
• Roberto Donno,
• Annalisa Tirella and
• Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

• better understanding of the cell-specific binding and trafficking event for a prediction of the therapeutic efficacy of a nanocarrier. A) Size distribution of chitosan/HA nanoparticles (1 mg/mL, deionized water) prepared from 35 (top) and 650 (bottom) kDa chitosan using a templated (dashed lines) or

Frontiers in pharmaceutical nanotechnology

• Matthias G. Wacker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2538–2540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.244

• applied in the development of semisolids. But we still have much to learn. Pharmaceutical science has indisputably become more complex with the discovery of nanocarrier-based delivery systems. Fueled by first successes in the 1990s, liposomes were at the forefront of cancer therapy [12][13]. The

• the intertwined processes involved in biodistribution of deposition of nanocarrier delivery will finally lead to a broader acceptance, and consequently, to successful translation from bench to bedside. Matthias G. Wacker Singapore, November 2019 Acknowledgements The author acknowledges Prof. Jörg

Microfluidics as tool to prepare size-tunable PLGA nanoparticles with high curcumin encapsulation for efficient mucus penetration

• Nashrawan Lababidi,
• Valentin Sigal,
• Aljoscha Koenneke,
• Konrad Schwarzkopf,
• Andreas Manz and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2280–2293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.220

• curcumin into PLGA NPs using different techniques Finally, after evaluating the parameters which are relevant to have an influence on the colloidal properties, the incorporation of the drug into the nanocarrier was addressed. The goal was to compare the encapsulation efficiency of curcumin into PLGA NPs

Targeting strategies for improving the efficacy of nanomedicine in oncology

• Gonzalo Villaverde and
• Alejandro Baeza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 168–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.16

• receptors expressed in tumoral but also in healthy cells, and the rapid uptake by the reticuloendothelial system, macrophages and supportive cells such as fibroblasts the decrease the nanocarrier concentration in the blood stream. Also, the poor penetration capacity into the tumoral mass due to strong

• cellular targeting systems for a better performance. The strategies for providing multiple targeting abilities within one single nanocarrier will be discussed in the following section. Simultaneous targeting of tissue and cells Double vectorization has been proposed in the last years as an approach to

• overcome some of the physical barriers in nanomedicine. The combination of tissular and cellular targeting agents in a unique nanocarrier may improve accumulation and/or the uptake in cancer cells without affecting healthy cells. Firstly, the simplest approach is to randomly attach both tissular and

Atomic-level characterization and cilostazol affinity of poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles conjugated with differentially charged hydrophilic molecules

• María Francisca Matus,
• Martín Ludueña,
• Cristian Vilos,
• Iván Palomo and
• Marcelo M. Mariscal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1328–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.126

• using AutoDock tools (ADT) [48]. The orientation of polymer chains obtained from the above MD simulations was used to carry out the docking calculations. Due to the fact that the polymer core is the protective portion for drugs in this kind of nanocarrier [31], only the PLA core was considered for

• the surface of the NP, interacting with the terminal groups of lipid chains (for example through electrostatic interactions) or with the solvent, and thus, the protective function of the nanocarrier would be revoked. However, significant differences in experimental results (drug loading) have been

Nanoparticle delivery to metastatic breast cancer cells by nanoengineered mesenchymal stem cells

• Liga Saulite,
• Karlis Pleiko,
• Ineta Popena,
• Dominyka Dapkute,
• Ricardas Rotomskis and
• Una Riekstina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 321–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.32

• almost twice as much QDs compared with MCF7 cells (Figure 6F–H). Thus, we demonstrated that nanoengineered MSCs could be a tool for targeting metastatic breast cancer cells. It has been reported that metastatic breast cancer cells demonstrate higher nanocarrier uptake efficiency than MCF7 due to the

Development of polycationic amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery

• Gamze Varan,
• Juan M. Benito,
• Carmen Ortiz Mellet and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1457–1468, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.145

• their intrinsic apoptotic effect in our first paper [26] in unloaded blank nanoparticle form. This study focuses on the nanocarrier properties and drug delivery system potential of the polycationic CD nanoparticles for PCX, which is an anticancer drug with several serious bioavaibility and toxicity

Chitosan-based nanoparticles for improved anticancer efficacy and bioavailability of mifepristone

• Huijuan Zhang,
• Fuqiang Wu,
• Yazhen Li,
• Xiping Yang,
• Jiamei Huang,
• Tingting Lv,
• Yingying Zhang,
• Jianzhong Chen,
• Haijun Chen,
• Yu Gao,
• Guannan Liu and
• Lee Jia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1861–1870, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.178

• preparation, has been extensively studied for obtaining nanocarrier systems with a good capacity of drug encapsulation and an adjustable drug release rate [22][23]. The aim of this work was to prepare MIF-encapsulated CNs (MCNs) to regulate the drug release rate of MIF for bioavailability improvement, and

Novel roles for well-known players: from tobacco mosaic virus pests to enzymatically active assemblies

• Claudia Koch,
• Fabian J. Eber,
• Carlos Azucena,
• Alexander Förste,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Alexander M. Bittner,
• Holger Jeske,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Sabine Eiben,
• Fania C. Geiger and
• Christina Wege

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 613–629, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.54

• . Prospects for novel layouts enabling lab-on-a-chip applications and improved orientation of enzymatically active TMV rods. A: Scheme of a microchannel of a glucose sensor chip equipped with a blend of two TMV enzyme nanocarrier species. By an appropriate mixture thereof, an optimally composed two-enzyme

Comparison of the interactions of daunorubicin in a free form and attached to single-walled carbon nanotubes with model lipid membranes

• Dorota Matyszewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 524–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.46

• -DNR monolayer and incorporated drug in the free form. This proves that the amount of the drug in the model membrane is similar for both types of the drug delivery: direct or bound to the nanocarrier. However, basing on the results of monolayer studies, the effect of SWCNTs-DNR adducts on the

• . Moreover, it was shown that the surface concentration of the drug on the electrode surface is similar for both the drug in a free form and the drug–nanocarrier adduct. This observation proves that application of single-walled carbon nanotubes as drug delivery system allows for the transport of the

PLGA nanoparticles as a platform for vitamin D-based cancer therapy

• Maria J. Ramalho,
• Joana A. Loureiro,
• Bárbara Gomes,
• Manuela F. Frasco,
• Manuel A. N. Coelho and
• M. Carmo Pereira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1306–1318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.135

• (Figure 1, white arrow) [29]. Both forms of vitamin D3 were used for the formulation of the nanocarrier system and variations in the encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were noticed. The observed differences may be based on their chemical structure, since calcitriol has two extra hydroxy groups

Release behaviour and toxicity evaluation of levodopa from carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes

• Julia M. Tan,
• Jhi Biau Foo,
• Sharida Fakurazi and
• Mohd Zobir Hussein

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 243–253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.23

• groups from carboxylated CNTs. In this case, the solubility of the nanocarrier increases with an increase in pH value [24], resulting in more carboxylate anions (–COO−) produced in pH 7.4 as compared to pH 4.8. In addition, the different release mechanisms of LD at different pH levels could be also due

• therapeutic effect [26] and may benefit the treatment of PD. Release kinetics of LD To further analyse the release kinetics of LD from the SWCNT–COOH nanocarrier, pseudo-first-order (Equation 1), pseudo-second-order (Equation 2) and a parabolic diffusion equation (Equation 3) were adopted [3][27][28] as

• , R2, rate constant and half-time resulting from the pseudo-second-order model fits are also presented in Table 3. The second-order reaction suggests that the release of LD from its nanocarrier is dependent on the concentration, and that the half-time should increase as the process continues [29

Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes and their applications

• Saban Kalay,
• Zehra Yilmaz,
• Ozlem Sen,
• Melis Emanet,
• Emine Kazanc and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 84–102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.9

• multifunctional, BNNT-based nanocarrier was synthesized using an Fe catalyst to render them magnetic and coated with PEI whereby QDs were attached to the PEI-coated BNNTs [83]. The cellular uptake of the BNNTs was tracked by QDs which revealed that the cellular uptake of the BNNTs depends upon the distance from

Anticancer efficacy of a supramolecular complex of a 2-diethylaminoethyl–dextran–MMA graft copolymer and paclitaxel used as an artificial enzyme

• Yasuhiko Onishi,
• Yuki Eshita,
• Rui-Cheng Ji,
• Masayasu Onishi,
• Takashi Kobayashi,
• Masaaki Mizuno,
• Jun Yoshida and
• Naoji Kubota

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2293–2307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.238

• micelles carrying a drug, they have been shown to be transported to and act on not only endosomes and lysosomes but also the Golgi body and mitochondria [4]. A block copolymer micelle can be used to deliver a hydrophobic drug as a nanocarrier with water-soluble biological affinity. Knowledge of the