Fluorescent bioinspired albumin/polydopamine nanoparticles and their interactions with Escherichia coli cells

• Eloïse Equy,
• Jordana Hirtzel,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Béatrice Heurtault,
• Eric Mathieu,
• Morgane Rabineau,
• Vincent Ball and
• Lydie Ploux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1208–1224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.100

• to heat up under irradiation by non-radiative relaxation. This is favorable to minimize the superposition between absorption and emission peaks, but might lead to a low quantum yield and, thus, poor emission intensity. Indeed, the quantum yield of Ox-BSA/PDA NPs in water (Φ) was calculated to be 0.1

A bifunctional superconducting cell as flux qubit and neuron

• Dmitrii S. Pashin,
• Pavel V. Pikunov,
• Marina V. Bastrakova,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1116–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.92

• system. Even in the case of adiabatic control, relaxation and thermal excitation processes can introduce additional difficulties that need to be considered when designing quantum interferometers and tuning circuits, adjusters, and neurons based on them. In particular, dissipative processes significantly

• , another important factor (in addition to relaxation) that influences the evolution of observable quantities for an interferometer is thermal fluctuations. It is known that the operating temperature, T, of quantum circuits with Josephson junctions is chosen much smaller than the characteristic temperature

• operating temperatures. For example, the dark blue region in Figure 4b is only suitable for T ∼ 0.1 K. Note that for the parameters used and a Josephson junction quality factor of Q ∼ 105, the relaxation time is tr ∼ 1 μs. From this rough estimate it can be seen that in the future, adiabatic cells of tuning

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• are likely to occur, namely (i) the relaxation of electrons from non-Fermi levels to the Fermi level (electron–electron scattering), (ii) the cooling of hot electron gas through electron–phonon scattering, and (iii) the emission of heat to the surrounding (phonon–phonon scattering) (Figure 4A,B). The

• nanosheets exhibited a high PCE of 52% at 808 nm [40]. Palladium nanocorollae have shown a photothermal effect due to NIR LSPR with a temperature increase up to 50 °C [36]. Semiconductor nanomaterials: Generation and relaxation of electron–hole pairs are responsible for heat generation in semiconductor

• nanomaterials. When excited by photons with an energy greater than or equal to the bandgap of the materials, electron–hole pairs are generated. The electrons excited to the conduction band will leave holes in the valence band. The relaxation of these electrons can occur radiatively in the form of photons and

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• –Peppas model, also called power law, was initially used to describe drug release in polymeric systems where the two predominant mechanisms were relaxation of the polymer chains and diffusion. In this model (Equation 2), Mt/M∞ is the fraction dissolved, K is a constant that incorporates structural and

• , the estimated value of n was 0.56, suggesting mixed release mechanisms at play with a strong contribution of diffusion. As in our case there is no polymer relaxation involved, it may be hypothesized that the burst effect could be slightly affecting the global kinetics of the process [35]. Although

The microstrain-accompanied structural phase transition from h-MoO₃ to α-MoO₃ investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction

• Zeqian Zhang,
• Honglong Shi,
• Boxiang Zhuang,
• Minting Luo and
• Zhenfei Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 692–700, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.55

• is also reflected by the relaxation of the Mo–O3 bond from a short bond (1.813 Å at 360 °C) to a normal value (1.967 Å at 400 °C). Based on the above analysis, we obtain the structural evolution of the h-MoO3→α-MoO3 phase transition, as illustrated in Figure 6. Heating the h-MoO3 phase causes not

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

• initial excitation energy through vibrational relaxation, causing the emitted photon to have a longer wavelength and lower energy. Other processes that do not involve light emission can be used to relax the excited state S1. These are non-radiative processes that hinder fluorescence emission by competing

• with it and lowering its effectiveness [39][40][41]. The shift of the fluorescence spectrum to longer wavelengths with respect to the excitation spectrum is called the Stokes shift. Fluorescence relaxation processes are all spin-neutral (spin-allowed), and the electron’s spin orientation is always

• hundred seconds), relaxation to the singlet S0 may take place with the emission of a photon, known as phosphorescence. Since the majority of these emerging contaminants (antibiotics and hormones) are non-fluorescent, several luminescent or fluorescent materials have been utilised to monitor their levels

ZnO-decorated SiC@C hybrids with strong electromagnetic absorption

• Liqun Duan,
• Zhiqian Yang,
• Yilu Xia,
• Xiaoqing Dai,
• Jian’an Wu and
• Minqian Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 565–573, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.47

• that there are some fluctuations in the high-frequency range (10–16 GHz), which are called Debye relaxation peaks. These peaks are caused by shape anisotropy or surface polarization. For the SCZ samples, the unique core–shell structure and the interface polarization effect between different phases may

• account for this phenomenon. Actually, the dielectric relaxation process of electromagnetic waves in the SCZ samples can be well explained by the Debye theory [37]. According to this theory, the relationship between ε′ and ε″ can be expressed as: where εs and ε∞ are the static and relative the dielectric

• permittivity at the high-frequency limit, respectively. Thus, the plot of ε′ and ε″ is a single semicircle, generally denoted as the Cole–Cole semicircle. At least one dielectric relaxation process occurs when a semicircle arises. Figure 6 shows obvious semicircles under different conditions, especially at a

Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

• Chia-Yang Lin and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

• from 300 to 2500 nm and reflectance, transmission, and radiative relaxation must not be significant in order to maximize the energy absorbed from the sun and convert it into thermal energy (Figure 2b). Photothermal conversion efficiency Solar energy can be converted into various forms of energy such as

• nonradiative relaxation of excited electrons to the ground state. Depending on the interaction mechanism, photothermal phenomena are classified into three categories, namely plasmonic local heating of metals, nonradiative relaxation of semiconductors, and thermal vibration relaxation of conjugated molecules

• either undergo radiative relaxation in the form of photons or nonradiative relaxation in the form of phonons (heat) to release and transfer energy to impurities/defects or dangling bonds on the material surface. When energy is released in the form of phonons, local heating of the lattice is induced

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• various material phenomena other than bandgap absorption for heat generation in nanoparticles (NPs), leading to a rapid proliferation of materials for the same. For example, organic materials undergo rapid internal relaxation by the PT effect and are often desired in cancer treatment research as they

• product of ωτ, where τ is the relaxation time of the free electron gas) is much higher than unity, thus leading to an approximation that there is no damping. Hence ignoring the damping term in Equation 5, we get It follows also that under plasmon resonance conditions ε1 < −εm, εm is the dielectric

• critical for predicting and understanding PT performance, for which a discussion on the same is presented next. 2.3 Relaxation mechanisms of plasmons – the conversion of photons to heat When photons strike a plasmonic nanoparticle, plasmon excitations result in changes to the electron cloud thermal

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

• encapsulated in these ethyl cellulose nanoparticles by dissolving it in the hydrophobic droplet phase of the starting nanoemulsions. The drug release from the nanoparticles appeared to follow a coupled diffusion/relaxation model. Nanoemulsions containing ethyl cellulose have also been prepared at room

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• photocatalysis over the past few years due to their distinct optical and electronic characteristics [42][88][106]. Simple strain relaxation and short diffusion paths are benefits of 1-D nanostructured materials and are advantageous for the separation of photogenerated carriers [102]. 1-D spindle-like BiVO4

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

• Qixiong Lin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Yanyan Wen,
• Xiaoqiong Li,
• Donglian Du,
• Weibin Dai,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24

• by enhancing proton relaxation in tissues [120]. Among them, superparamagnetic iron oxides (SPIONs) are widely used with numerous advantages, such as small size, colloidal stability, low toxicity, magnetic heating properties, and enhanced molecular MRI [121]. However, SPIONs cannot be effectively

Spin dynamics in superconductor/ferromagnetic insulator hybrid structures with precessing magnetization

• Yaroslav V. Turkin and
• Nataliya Pugach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 233–239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.22

• ; Introduction Creation and manipulation of spin flows in superconducting hybrid systems have become a very active research area during the last decade because of the possibility to create spin supercurrents with much larger relaxation lengths and spin lifetimes [1]. The creation of persistent spin currents in

• spin relaxation processes, but we do not take into account any spin relaxation mechanisms within our model for a superconductor. We should mention that both spin pumping mechanisms in superconductors and normal metals are determined by the penetration of nonequillibrium spin density from the interface

• . In metals, such a penetration is limited by the spin flip scattering, while inside the superconductor, the spin relaxation time is usually much longer. Thus, induced magnetization and spin current in our problem are determined mainly by the competition between spin singlet and spin triplet orders [34

Cyclodextrins as eminent constituents in nanoarchitectonics for drug delivery systems

• Makoto Komiyama

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 218–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.21

• smaller band overlap of the trans/cis isomers, and thus the photoisomerization proceeds almost completely in both directions. Moreover, thermal relaxation of the cis isomer is negligible [52]. Like azobenzenes, only the trans isomer forms inclusion complexes with CyDs. In Figure 3b, carboxymethyl

• the entry of the resultant nanoparticles to cells, the S-nitrosothiol reacts with glutathione to release NO, which relieves hypoxia at tumor sites through NO-mediated blood vessel relaxation. Furthermore, the NO reacts with ROSs, generated by light-activation of chlorin e6, to form ONOO− and other

Characterisation of a micrometer-scale active plasmonic element by means of complementary computational and experimental methods

• Ciarán Barron,
• Giulia Di Fazio,
• Samuel Kenny,
• Silas O’Toole,
• Robin O’Reilly and
• Dominic Zerulla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 110–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.12

• information extracted in both cases does not depend on the drive frequency, given the thermal relaxation time of such a metallic element on a sapphire substrate is of the order of nanoseconds, and as such there is no need for matching drive frequencies. AFM scans were performed on a 30 × 30 μm2 window with a

Upper critical magnetic field in NbRe and NbReN micrometric strips

• Zahra Makhdoumi Kakhaki,
• Antonio Leo,
• Federico Chianese,
• Loredana Parlato,
• Giovanni Piero Pepe,
• Angela Nigro,
• Carla Cirillo and
• Carmine Attanasio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 45–51, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.5

• candidates for the realization of fast superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) [1][2][3][4]. Apart from the reduced values of the superconducting gap and short quasi-particle relaxation times [5], the property that makes these materials appropriate to be used as SNSPDs is the high value of

• rotation and relaxation studies [13] and large values of the upper critical magnetic fields [11][14], which are above the Pauli paramagnetic limit [15][16]. In the case of thin films, the structure of NbRe is polycrystalline with grains of small dimensions, typically of the order of 2–3 nm [7][8][17

The influence of structure and local structural defects on the magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms

• Alexander Vakhrushev,
• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 23–33, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.3

• cobalt atom spins for ideal crystal hexagonal close-packed lattice (a), (b), (c) and nanofilm structure (d), (e), (f) formed in the numerical experiment at a deposition temperature of 300 K, spin relaxation time 100 ps, and external magnetic field value of 1.0 T. Changes in spin temperature under a

Two-step single-reactor synthesis of oleic acid- or undecylenic acid-stabilized magnetic nanoparticles by thermal decomposition

• Mykhailo Nahorniak,
• Pamela Pasetto,
• Jean-Marc Greneche,
• Volodymyr Samaryk,
• Sandy Auguste,
• Anthony Rousseau,
• Nataliya Nosova and
• Serhii Varvarenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 11–22, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.2

• typical for the presence of superparamagnetic relaxation phenomena suggested a very small size (about 10 nm compared to results from the literature) for the synthesized nanoparticles, which was consistent with electron and XRD diffraction results, as well as TEM results. Different fitting models can be

• sample. The shape of a single line at 300 K and a more pronounced ultrafine structure at 77 K indicate a decrease in superparamagnetic relaxation phenomena, probably caused by a larger size of the nanoparticles. Furthermore, the spectrum recorded at 77 K can be divided into four different components: (i

Single-step extraction of small-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes in the presence of riboflavin

• Polina M. Kalachikova,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Eldar M. Khabushev,
• Timofei V. Eremin,
• Timofei S. Zatsepin,
• Elena D. Obraztsova,
• Konstantin V. Larionov,
• Liubov Yu. Antipina,
• Pavel B. Sorokin and
• Albert G. Nasibulin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1564–1571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.130

• –Martins pseudopotentials and double-zeta plus polarization basis set were used for structural relaxation as implemented in the SIESTA package [30][31][32][33][34][35]. The geometrically confined systems were treated in a supercell scheme allowing at least 20 Å empty space between them to make

Hydroxyapatite–bioglass nanocomposites: Structural, mechanical, and biological aspects

• Olga Shikimaka,
• Mihaela Bivol,
• Bogdan A. Sava,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Christu Tardei,
• Beatrice G. Sbarcea,
• Daria Grabco,
• Constantin Pyrtsac,
• Daria Topal,
• Andrian Prisacaru,
• Vitalie Cobzac and
• Viorel Nacu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1490–1504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.123

• . For composites with plastic-fragile and fragile behavior, the ISE is caused by involving and developing delamination and cracking with increasing load (Figure 6), which leads to the relaxation of stress in the deformation zone and, as a result, to the decrease of hardness. SBF testing and bioactivity

Structural studies and selected physical investigations of LiCoO₂ obtained by combustion synthesis

• Monika Michalska,
• Paweł Ławniczak,
• Tomasz Strachowski,
• Adam Ostrowski and
• Waldemar Bednarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1473–1482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.121

• flattening of the semicircle caused by the distribution of the relaxation time constants. Ideally, when only one time constant describes relaxation processes in the material (Debye-type response), the fit parameter α is close to 0 and there is no flattening of the semicircle. The distribution of the time

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

• Yuran Wang,
• Xudong Li,
• Haijun Chen and
• Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

• conversion efficiency by generating new cross-relaxation pathways between the ladder-like energy levels of Nd3+ ions and the continuous energy band of PB [10]. The strategy to generate new cross-relaxation pathways between different materials is applicable to design all kinds of enhanced photothermal agents

Influence of water contamination on the sputtering of silicon with low-energy argon ions investigated by molecular dynamics simulations

• Grégoire R. N. Defoort-Levkov,
• Alan Bahm and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 986–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.86

• region, or to relaxation of previous displacement cascades. Due to the strong interaction between silicon and oxygen particles, Si–O products tend to be sputtered as a cluster or the oxygen migrates into the amorphous region. The other relevant reaction products (e.g., Si–OH, Si–H2, and Si–O2) are

Theoretical investigations of oxygen vacancy effects in nickel-doped zirconia from ab initio XANES spectroscopy at the oxygen K-edge

• Dick Hartmann Douma,
• Lodvert Tchibota Poaty,
• Alessio Lamperti,
• Stéphane Kenmoe,
• Abdulrafiu Tunde Raji,
• Alberto Debernardi and
• Bernard M’Passi-Mabiala

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 975–985, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.85

• the O K-edge in nickel-doped zirconia with and without O vacancies are presented and discussed. A conclusion is given in the final section. Computational Methodology Structural relaxation First principles calculations have been performed with the Quantum-ESPRESSO code [38] using the plane waves basis

• -polarized structural relaxation calculations are then performed to determine the energetically most stable spin configuration of the Ni dopant atoms in zirconia. The relaxed configuration of ZrO2 with the Ni1 and Ni2 dopants containing no vacancies, that is, the S0 structure is cubic. This structure is

• relaxed structure of S0, ferromagnetic spin alignments are more stable compared to the antiferromagnetic configuration, and the local environment around Ni dopants assumes to a tetrahedral symmetry following the relaxation (Figure 2a,b). In the case of S1, the ferromagnetic configuration is still the most

Self-assembly of C₆₀ on a ZnTPP/Fe(001)–p(1 × 1)O substrate: observation of a quasi-freestanding C₆₀ monolayer

• Guglielmo Albani,
• Michele Capra,
• Alessandro Lodesani,
• Alberto Calloni,
• Gianlorenzo Bussetti,
• Marco Finazzi,
• Franco Ciccacci,
• Alberto Brambilla,
• Lamberto Duò and
• Andrea Picone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.76

• surfaces for the investigation of their intrinsic properties, the minimization of the molecule–substrate interaction is desirable [20]. Furthermore, a weak molecule/metal electronic coupling is required in organic solar cells, because metallic states promote the relaxation of photo-excitations, lowering