Polymorphic self-assembly of pyrazine-based tectons at the solution–solid interface

• Achintya Jana,
• Puneet Mishra and
• Neeladri Das

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 494–499, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.50

• topographic image of the 2,5-bis(pyridin-4-ylethynyl)pyrazine molecular monolayer at the 1-phenyloctane–HOPG interface. Molecules of 1 self-assemble to form ordered structures on a very large scale up to 500 nm × 500 nm. As clearly discernible in Figure 2a, these molecules undergo polymorphic self-assembly

Block copolymers for designing nanostructured porous coatings

• Roberto Nisticò

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2332–2344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.218

• , robust, and well-consolidated technique that guarantees high performance and easy scale up, as compared to other more fascinating (albeit still at the laboratory scale) approaches, such as the use of magnetic adsorbing materials [116] or advanced oxidized processes [117][118]. On the other hand, future

Recent highlights in nanoscale and mesoscale friction

• Andrea Vanossi,
• Dirk Dietzel,
• Andre Schirmeisen,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Rémy Pawlak,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Marcin Kisiel,
• Shigeki Kawai and
• Nicola Manini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1995–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.190

Single-step process to improve the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube yarn

• Maria Cecilia Evora,
• Xinyi Lu,
• Nitilaksha Hiremath,
• Nam-Goo Kang,
• Kunlun Hong,
• Roberto Uribe,
• Gajanan Bhat and
• Jimmy Mays

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 545–554, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.52

• high-strength CNT yarns continuously with industrial scale-up [16]. To date, the solution is to increase the interactions among CNTs in a fiber (covalent bonds among the tubes). In doing so, the sliding of CNTs will be minimized and this may lead to an increase in the mechanical strength of the fiber

Wafer-scale bioactive substrate patterning by chemical lift-off lithography

• Chong-You Chen,
• Chang-Ming Wang,
• Hsiang-Hua Li,
• Hong-Hseng Chan and
• Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 311–320, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.31

• the CLL process can also be made very uniform over a large area. As demonstrated in Figure 6, fluorescence images obtained from distinct sampling spots on a 4 inch silicon wafer substrate represent the same results with minimized signal fluctuation. The high repeatability and scale up capability of

Co-reductive fabrication of carbon nanodots with high quantum yield for bioimaging of bacteria

• Jiajun Wang,
• Xia Liu,
• Gesmi Milcovich,
• Tzu-Yu Chen,
• Edel Durack,
• Sarah Mallen,
• Yongming Ruan,
• Xuexiang Weng and
• Sarah P. Hudson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 137–145, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.16

• -dots with co-reduction using urea and thiourea is much higher than when urea or thiourea are used individually during reduction. Moreover, during the scale-up synthesis, it was determined that the C-dots tend to aggregate due to their larger magnitude in mass, leading to an increase in the size of the

• -reduction method with urea and thiourea to obtain C-dots, the scale-up synthesis of C-dots, TEM and size distribution of Sb50, XRD patterns of Sa, Sb and Se, Raman spectra of Sa, Sb and Se, deconvoluted C 1s XPS spectra of different C-dots with peak area (A) ratios of the sp3 C or oxidized C to the sp2 C

Systematic control of α-Fe₂O₃ crystal growth direction for improved electrochemical performance of lithium-ion battery anodes

• Nan Shen,
• Miriam Keppeler,
• Barbara Stiaszny,
• Holger Hain,
• Filippo Maglia and
• Madhavi Srinivasan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2032–2044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.204

• can be easily removed. With this technique, expensive, difficult to scale-up, structure-directing approaches involving sacrificial hard templates can be avoided. The aspect ratio of the resulting nanorod morphology is adjustable by the type of diamine derivative used and other reaction parameters. Li

The longstanding challenge of the nanocrystallization of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)

• Florent Pessina and
• Denis Spitzer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 452–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.49

• crystallize RDX at a submicrometer scale or smaller. Several key points are highlighted then discussed, such as the smallest particle size and its morphology, and the scale-up capacity and the versatility of the process. Keywords: crystallization; nanoparticles; RDX; review; submicrometer; 1,3,5

• ][67][68][69]. The formed n-RDX particles had a mean particle diameter ranging from 110 to 220 nm and an irregular spherical morphology. He performed a scale-up of the RESS process in order to increase the production capacity of RDX to 6 g/h but with a CO2 consumption of 35 kg/h. Through RESS, a slight

• acetone around 5 wt %, whereas scCO2 is formed from 74–500 bar for a solubility from null to 0.025 wt %. The SFE technology has proven its high level of versatility and reliability, and is now entering advanced stages of development. Scale-up studies are performed and advanced in situ characterization is

Study of the surface properties of ZnO nanocolumns used for thin-film solar cells

• Neda Neykova,
• Jiri Stuchlik,
• Karel Hruska,
• Ales Poruba,
• Zdenek Remes and
• Ognen Pop-Georgievski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 446–451, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.48

• [6][14][15]. The last mentioned is an attractive and preferable method for growing one-dimensional structures of ZnO, as it is simple, does not require expensive equipment, is safe and environmentally friendly since water is used as a solvent, and it is easy to scale-up for further mass production

Influence of hydrothermal synthesis parameters on the properties of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles

• Sylwia Kuśnieruk,
• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Agnieszka Chodara,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Stanislaw Gierlotka and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1586–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.153

• was synthesis-time dependent. The purpose of this study was to further develop the previously reported synthesis methods in order to: further extend the range of particle sizes, scale up the synthesis process by six orders of magnitude of six types of nano-hydroxyapatite, and to demonstrate that a

• spaces simultaneously. This allows an analysis of XRD data with heavily convoluted reciprocal space peaks [41]. Results and Discussion The precise control of particle size and particle size distribution is one of the main challenges faced by nanoparticle technology [42]. An increased scale up of

• scale-up in nanomaterial production is very problematic [58]. This is mainly due to the nonuniform heating of precursors. Despite the fact that we employ the microwave heating method [35][38][59], i.e., the most efficient and quickest method of supplying energy to reagents, an increase in the size

Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

• Rasheed Atif and
• Fawad Inam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1174–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.109

• . However, CVD is an economical method, favorable for mass production, and easy to scale up for commercial production [2]. Other processes are fluidized bed CVD, catalytic gas flow CVD, and the growth of CNT carpets from embedded catalyst particles in a substrate. One of the most common techniques is the

• [36]. The methods using catalysts supported on a substrate are non-continuous, which makes them unsuitable for industrial scale-up [131]. The point-arc microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (PAMP-CVD) technique has been used to produce densely-packed and vertically aligned (DPVA) SWNTs with the

• properties of composite systems have been significantly improved, but such processes are hardly feasible to scale up due to cost, time, and equipment considerations. Vice versa, processes that can be scaled up easily, only marginally improve the composite properties. To increase the volume fraction of MLG

Green and energy-efficient methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles

• Mitra Naghdi,
• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• M. Verma,
• R. Y. Surampalli and
• J. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2354–2376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.243

• production of NPs. However, these new synthesis routes should be optimized in terms of performance, cost, product quality (shape and size distribution) and scale-up capability. This paper presents a review on most of the employed green reagents and new energy transfer techniques for the production of

Metal hydrides: an innovative and challenging conversion reaction anode for lithium-ion batteries

• Luc Aymard,
• Yassine Oumellal and
• Jean-Pierre Bonnet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1821–1839, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.186

• preparation of polymeric binders and the mixing of hydride and electrolyte together with careful studies to achieve better capacity retention performance or to scale up the nanocomposite elaboration process. On the other hand, the results obtained at the present time emphasize the importance of the knowledge

Filling of carbon nanotubes and nanofibres

• Reece D. Gately and
• Marc in het Panhuis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 508–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.53

• manner. Simplicity is key for scale-up to large quantities of filled TCNSs, which is a requirement for any commercially viable application. TCNSs provide a unique structure with a high aspect ratio, large filling volume, and good stability, which can be useful for many applications. For example, it is

Liquid-phase exfoliated graphene: functionalization, characterization, and applications

• Mildred Quintana,
• Jesús Iván Tapia and
• Maurizio Prato

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2328–2338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.242

• moieties to covalently attach to the graphene surface as well as the functionalization strategy. Conclusion Substantial efforts have been performed for the mass scale-up and low-cost production of graphene. Thus far, wet chemical strategies have been demonstrated as the most efficient for the inclusion of

Localized surface plasmon resonances in nanostructures to enhance nonlinear vibrational spectroscopies: towards an astonishing molecular sensitivity

• Dan Lis and
• Francesca Cecchet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2275–2292, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.237

• intensity is proportional to |g|²·|E0|² = |g|²·I0, the specific case in which both the incident and scattered fields are in resonance with a (broad) plasmon mode makes the SERS intensity to scale up with |g|4·I0, leading to an enhancement factor of 1012. Accordingly, LSPR represents the most commonly used

Electrical contacts to individual SWCNTs: A review

• Wei Liu,
• Christofer Hierold and
• Miroslav Haluska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2202–2215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.229

• processes which could be used as a scale-up process for patterning metal–nanotube contacts. For instance, Vazquez-Mena et al. [72] developed a stencil lithography process to fabricate metallic nanowires at the wafer level. Nanoslits with a width down to 70 nm were defined on a wafer level membrane made of

Ionic liquid-assisted formation of cellulose/calcium phosphate hybrid materials

• Ahmed Salama,
• Mike Neumann,
• Christina Günter and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1553–1568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.167

• - and mesostructured) carbohydrate/calcium phosphate hybrid materials with the potential for scale-up. While the organic modification of cellulose in ILs has yielded a large number of publications [35][37][40][57] the synthesis of carbohydrate/inorganic hybrid materials from ILs is still in its infancy

Applicability and costs of nanofiltration in combination with photocatalysis for the treatment of dye house effluents

• Wolfgang M. Samhaber and
• Minh Tan Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 476–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.55

• useful for a further scale-up. NF membranes are mostly used for the more sophisticated separation step of these processes and the additional costs of the NF treatment, without any associated equipments, will be described and illustrated. The total specific costs of industrial NF treatment processes in

Controlled synthesis and tunable properties of ultrathin silica nanotubes through spontaneous polycondensation on polyamine fibrils

• Jian-Jun Yuan,
• Pei-Xin Zhu,
• Daisuke Noda and
• Ren-Hua Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 793–804, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.90

• very mild silicification conditions (aqueous media, room-temperature and high efficiency), which could allow for an easy scale-up of silica nanotube fabrication and subsequently for wide technological applications. The silica nanotubes can be tuned to an emitter of visible light through the pyrolysis

Pore structure and surface area of silica SBA-15: influence of washing and scale-up

• Jörg P. Thielemann,
• Frank Girgsdies,
• Robert Schlögl and
• Christian Hess

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 110–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.13

• larger batch sizes the influence of the quantity of solvent on the quality of the SBA-15 is reduced. Keywords: SBA-15; scale-up; silica mesoporous material; tensile strength effect; washing; Introduction SBA-15 is a mesoporous silica sieve based on uniform hexagonal pores with a narrow pore size

• and thus also on the pore size distribution of the resulting SBA-15. To investigate to which extent a synthesis scale up is influenced by this “washing effect” a 9× batch was split into sub factions resembling 9×, 3×, 1× half size batches. Before washing a reference sample (80 mg) was taken from the 9

• increases. This indicates that the mesopores in the material become more ordered and homogeneous during the scale-up. These results were also corroborated by small angle XRD. On the one hand, as can be seen in Figure 10, the relative intensity of the (110) and (200) reflections decreases compared to the

On the reticular construction concept of covalent organic frameworks

• Binit Lukose,
• Agnieszka Kuc,
• Johannes Frenzel and
• Thomas Heine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 60–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.8

• , and that the synthesis can be carried out solvothermally. MOFs are commercially available, and the scale up of production is continuing. Since the discovery of MOFs, many other crystalline frameworks have been synthesized using reticular chemistry, such as Metal-Organic Polyhedra (MOP) [5], Zeolite