A bifunctional superconducting cell as flux qubit and neuron

• Dmitrii S. Pashin,
• Pavel V. Pikunov,
• Marina V. Bastrakova,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1116–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.92

• on small time scales near the moment of convergence tLZ. This allows us to use a linear approximation on time ε(tLZ + τLZ) ≈ ε′(tLZ)·τLZ and write the Hamiltonian of the system as: We assume that V(τLZ) = is small on the scale of the Landau–Zener transition time. This allows us to use the

Dual-heterodyne Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Fatima Husainy,
• Dmitry Aldakov and
• Cyril Aumaître

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1068–1084, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.88

Exploring internal structures and properties of terpolymer fibers via real-space characterizations

• Michael R. Roenbeck and
• Kenneth E. Strawhecker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1004–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.83

• features at different length scales and verify the applicability of analytical structural models used to date. Over the last several years, a “focused ion beam (FIB) notch” technique has been developed and employed to address these gaps in understanding of the internal structures of fibers such as Kevlar

• the ET measurements to be similar across length scales. The analysis for Kevlar®, however, is more complicated. Our nanoscale ET measurements indicate stiffer average mechanical responses in Kevlar® K29 than in Technora®, in agreement with the aforementioned full-fiber experiments [8][19]. However, we

Biomimetics on the micro- and nanoscale – The 25th anniversary of the lotus effect

• Matthias Mail,
• Kerstin Koch,
• Thomas Speck,
• William M. Megill and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 850–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.69

• pest insects by reducing the frictional forces experienced when they walk on the leaves. This structure might also provide mechanical stability to the growing plant organs and has an impact on the wettability of the leaves. Using polymer replicas of adaxial leaf surfaces at various scales, the surface

• retaining surface, which could be produced on large scales. Furthermore, this publication shows some nice examples of the multi-functionality of some biological surfaces as well as of some biomimetic developments. Rounding out the thematic issue and looking into the future, Leivas and Barbosa [18] present

• paper “The origin of black and white coloration of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera, Culicidae)” analysed the reflectance spectra of the white scales as well as the micro- and nanostructure of the black and white scales on the tarsi of A. albopictus. The results show that the white

Current-induced mechanical torque in chiral molecular rotors

• Richard Korytár and
• Ferdinand Evers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 711–721, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.57

• (EOM), which are listed in the Appendix section. We integrate the EOM using a Runge–Kutta method, see Appendix section. Basic parameters and scales The parameters that enter the coupled dynamical problem governed by the Lagrangian in Equation 5 are: (1) The particle mass m. (2) The definition of the

Suspension feeding in Copepoda (Crustacea) – a numerical model of setae acting in concert

• Alexander E. Filippov,
• Wencke Krings and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 603–615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.50

• elastic ends of the short setae near the mouth opening. In particular, the adhesion by van der Waals attraction becomes possible at such scales. This part of the interaction must also be included in the model, namely in a form of potential interaction between the setae (or their tips) and the food

Thermal transport in kinked nanowires through simulation

• Alexander N. Robillard,
• Graham W. Gibson and
• Ralf Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 586–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.49

• , communications, and many others [1][2][3][4][5]. In many nanoscale systems, thermal transport cannot be simply described as it would be at larger scales [6]. At such scales, the carriers of energy (such as phonons) have finite transit lengths that are no longer negligible compared to the system dimensions

• and energy scales, were set to 1, and a cut-off for the potential was set at 2.5σ. The set value of 1 for ε and σ fixes us to dimensionless units. Systems have an equilibrium temperature of 0.005, and they are under a thermostat at each end, for a temperature difference between the two of 0.001

The origin of black and white coloration of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

• Manuela Rebora,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Silvana Piersanti,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 496–508, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.41

• Giugno, 06121 Perugia, Italy Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24098 Kiel, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.14.41 Abstract Micro- and nanostructures of the white and black scales on the tarsi of the mosquito Aedes albopictus are

• analysed using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy. Reflectance spectra of the white areas are measured. No clear difference is present in the morphology of micro- and nanostructures of black and white scales in SEM and TEM, but black scales contain a

• dark pigment. The white colour of the scales has a structural origin. The structural white produced by the micro- and nanostructures of the scales on the tarsi of Ae. albopictus appears bright and is angle-dependent, since the reflected light changes according to the angle detection and according to

Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 434–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.35

• , examples of molecular nanoarchitectonics are introduced, and future prospects of nanoarchitectonics are discussed. Nanotech-driven synthetic nanoarchitectonics Molecular nanoarchitectonics is available on various size scales. Nanoarchitectonics at the molecular level involves the integration of synthetic

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• scattering effects start to dominate when the particle size is reduced beyond the mean free path of 40 nm for these nanoparticles) [73]. Electron–electron thermalization timescales for noble metals such as Au range from 10 to 100 fs, whereas the time scales for the electron–phonon interaction are slightly

Formation of nanoflowers: Au and Ni silicide cores surrounded by SiO_x branches

• Feitao Li,
• Siyao Wan,
• Dong Wang and
• Peter Schaaf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 133–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.14

• circles in (a, b) show the boundary of nanoflowers and particles. Images 1–4 in (d) show areas increasingly further away from the border of the cavity in 10Au10Ni, as marked in (b). The scale bar in (c) is also valid for (a, b), and the scales of the four images in (d) are the same. The scale bars of the

The influence of structure and local structural defects on the magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms

• Alexander Vakhrushev,
• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 23–33, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.3

• experiments require modern and expensive equipments. In this regard, precision experimental studies in critical regions are fraught with significant difficulties due to both temporal and spatial scales of object behavior [4]. Despite the existing difficulties, the interest in the study of phase transitions is

Observation of collective excitation of surface plasmon resonances in large Josephson junction arrays

• Roger Cattaneo,
• Mikhail A. Galin and
• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1578–1588, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.132

• voltage at a given current scales linearly with the number of JJs, which allows for an unambiguous determination of N. In Figure 3a, N = 46, 63, 90, 107, 122, 140, 155, 172, 184, and 207 (from left to right). In Figure 3b N = 140, 172, 184, 207, 224, 243, 271, 284, 304, 328, 365, 380, 422, 444, 478, 521

Induced electric conductivity in organic polymers

• Konstantin Y. Arutyunov,
• Anatoli S. Gurski,
• Vladimir V. Artemov,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Azat R. Yusupov,
• Danfis D. Karamov and
• Alexei N. Lachinov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1551–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.128

• films can be obtained by centrifugation from a solution in cyclohexanone on a metal surface with a thickness from several nanometers up to micrometers. High homogeneity and defect-free surfaces on nanoscopic scales have been repeatedly confirmed by various methods, including scanning tunneling and

Frequency-dependent nanomechanical profiling for medical diagnosis

• Santiago D. Solares and
• Alexander X. Cartagena-Rivera

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1483–1489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.122

• ][16][17] could be applied at different length scales, ranging from the nano- to the macroscale. One can envision various applications at larger scales, such as the characterization of muscular viscoelasticity in orthopedic rehabilitation or in athletics, where the mechanical properties of muscles

Dry under water: air retaining properties of large-scale elastomer foils covered with mushroom-shaped surface microstructures

• Matthias Mail,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Wilhelm Barthlott,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Lars Heepe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1370–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.113

• comparatively cheap and easy to produce on large scales, show, that MSM are a promising new alternative for the development of biomimetic under water air retaining surfaces. However, as other prototypes, they show stable air retention in low depth but lose their air layers in higher depth due to diffusion of

Growing up in a rough world: scaling of frictional adhesion and morphology of the Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko)

• Anthony J. Cobos and
• Timothy E. Higham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1292–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.107

• testing the effects of roughness. Surface roughness can be qualitatively characterized in different ways (rough vs smooth), but it is a complex parameter to quantify as real surfaces in nature vary over many length scales and can have significant effects on the efficacy of an adhesive system [30][31]. At

• ability. This suggests that there are other underlying mechanisms that contribute to clinging ability apart from pad area. Adhesive pad area across climbing taxa spans seven orders of magnitude and scales with positive allometry [44] but, after accounting for size and phylogeny, toepad area scaled with

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

Interaction between honeybee mandibles and propolis

• Leonie Saccardi,
• Franz Brümmer,
• Jonas Schiebl,
• Oliver Schwarz,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 958–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.84

• the same height as the bristles and hairs. The outside of the mandible is covered with hairs evenly. Surface structures on bee mandibles SEM micrographs also revealed that bee mandibles are covered with anisotropic scale-like micropatterns (Figure 4). Most of the scales on the medial surface of the

• mandible were pentagonal or hexagonal, though the shape and proportions varied depending on the area they cover. The scales in the flat area measured 18.1 ± 2.4 µm/9.55 ± 1.3 µm at their minimum/maximum width, respectively (Figure 4B). However, closer to the apex and the sharp edge, the structures were

• less pronounced and eventually seemed to fade completely (Figure 4C,E). In the channel area, the structures were rounder (9.34 ± 0.77 µm/8.21 ± 0.82 µm) and had blunt edges (Figure 4F). Scales on the ledge on the other hand had an oblong shape (31.67 ± 9.34 µm/9.05 ± 2.25 µm) and were oriented parallel

Design of a biomimetic, small-scale artificial leaf surface for the study of environmental interactions

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth,
• Lukas Schreiber and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 944–957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.83

• scales between them. AFM analysis of recrystallized structures Like the SEM analysis, the AFM analysis showed granule-shaped structures on the artificial surface (1400 µg). By removing the wax with a razor blade, a distinct edge was created, showing a 1.12 ± 0.23 µm thick wax layer (Figure 5). Analysis

Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications

• Hendrik Bargel,
• Vanessa T. Trossmann,
• Christoph Sommer and
• Thomas Scheibel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81

• that inhibit initial attachment or directly kill microbes (see Figure 2) [50]. Natural surfaces provide many examples of anti-adhesive topography, including nanostructured pikes on Cicada wings [51], micro-structured and patterned riblets of the shark skin scales [52], hierarchically micro- and

Ultrafast signatures of magnetic inhomogeneity in Pd_1−xFe_x (x ≤ 0.08) epitaxial thin films

• Andrey V. Petrov,
• Sergey I. Nikitin,
• Lenar R. Tagirov,
• Amir I. Gumarov,
• Igor V. Yanilkin and
• Roman V. Yusupov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 836–844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.74

• can be found in [37]. Photoinduced demagnetization and the recovery are observed only at T < TC. One can readily recognize two demagnetization processes that reveal themselves as the rising components and occur at time scales of subpicoseconds and tens of picoseconds. Therefore, the responses in the

Temperature and chemical effects on the interfacial energy between a Ga–In–Sn eutectic liquid alloy and nanoscopic asperities

• Yujin Han,
• Pierre-Marie Thebault,
• Corentin Audes,
• Xuelin Wang,
• Haiwoong Park,
• Jian-Zhong Jiang and
• Arnaud Caron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 817–827, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.72

• temperature and, thus, scales with their molar area and thermal expansion coefficient. The surface tension of the eutectic Ga–In–Sn liquid at the melting point has been reported to = 587 mN/m. Since the surface tension originates from the imbalanced bonding of atoms at the liquid–vapor interface [29], it

Direct measurement of surface photovoltage by AC bias Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Masato Miyazaki,
• Yasuhiro Sugawara and
• Yan Jun Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 712–720, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.63

• shown in Figure 3c. The AC-KPFM successfully resolved the inhomogeneous SPV distribution with fluctuations on scales of 10–50 nm and a few millivolts, whereas classical KPFM observed a homogeneous SPV distribution over the TiO2 surface with sub-micrometer resolution [12][51] because of the influence of

Reliable fabrication of transparent conducting films by cascade centrifugation and Langmuir–Blodgett deposition of electrochemically exfoliated graphene

• Teodora Vićentić,
• Stevan Andrić,
• Vladimir Rajić and
• Marko Spasenović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 666–674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.58

• of the deposited graphene film has a value that scales with the quantity of solvent used. The results thus indicate that dilution of solution-processed graphene can be used as a tool to control graphene film thickness. Also, the centrifugation rate can be controlled to make films of desired thickness