Cross-sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy on III–V epitaxial multilayer stacks: challenges and perspectives

• Mattia da Lisca,
• José Alvarez,
• James P. Connolly,
• Nicolas Vaissiere,
• Karim Mekhazni,
• Jean Decobert and
• Jean-Paul Kleider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 725–737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.59

• , that is, the surface of the 2D wafer (e.g., around 3.09 μm in Figure 2). In order to achieve a successful KPFM analysis, a low surface roughness is essential to obtain high-quality images since surface inhomogeneities can cause a topographical image imprint on the surface potential image. With

• sufficiently low surface roughness, the topographic influence on the measurement is minor, and the observed contrast of the VCPD map is dominated by the surface potential such that topographic artefacts can be neglected. A first look at the VCPD image and the extrapolated profile (Figure 2c) allows for a

Investigations on the optical forces from three mainstream optical resonances in all-dielectric nanostructure arrays

• Guangdong Wang and
• Zhanghua Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 674–682, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.53

• , such as surface roughness, a BIC will turn into a quasi-BIC mode with both the Q-factor and resonant bandwidth becoming limited. Many applications of quasi-BICs have been reported, including ultrasensitive sensing [13], ultra-narrow bandwidth filters [14], and enhanced nonlinear effects [15]. The BICs

Thermal transport in kinked nanowires through simulation

• Alexander N. Robillard,
• Graham W. Gibson and
• Ralf Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 586–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.49

• systems with high surface roughness. Note the probability of specular reflection is constant here and not a function of the phonon wavelength or incidence angle, so specularities between 0% and 100% should be taken with this in mind. More sophisticated methods for calculating the probability of

SERS performance of GaN/Ag substrates fabricated by Ag coating of GaN platforms

• Magdalena A. Zając,
• Bogusław Budner,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Łukasz Gutowski,
• Jan L. Weyher and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 552–564, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.46

• absorption level for samples in a given series, it can be seen that an increase in the amount of deposited metal causes a decrease in light absorption, which is related to a decrease in surface roughness and the filling of the nanoporous GaN structure with silver. SERS performance of fabricated of GaN/Ag

Observation of multiple bulk bound states in the continuum modes in a photonic crystal cavity

• Rui Chen,
• Yi Zheng,
• Xingyu Huang,
• Qiaoling Lin,
• Chaochao Ye,
• Meng Xiong,
• Martijn Wubs,
• Yungui Ma,
• Minhao Pu and
• Sanshui Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 544–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.45

• influenced by both the radiative part Qr and a nonradiative part Qnr via 1/Q = 1/Qr + 1/Qnr provided that the material is lossless. Qnr incorporates defects such as structural disorder, surface roughness, and fabrication errors. The simulation of the unit cell was performed by COMSOL Multiphysics with

Characterisation of a micrometer-scale active plasmonic element by means of complementary computational and experimental methods

• Ciarán Barron,
• Giulia Di Fazio,
• Samuel Kenny,
• Silas O’Toole,
• Robin O’Reilly and
• Dominic Zerulla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 110–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.12

• SPR curve is slightly broader than the simulated one. This is due to experimental broadening (in particular, the divergence of the laser beam), surface roughness, and further temperature-induced degradation effects that are not taken into account in the simplified simulation setup employed. In order

Antimicrobial and mechanical properties of functionalized textile by nanoarchitectured photoinduced Ag@polymer coating

• Jessica Plé,
• Marine Dabert,
• Helene Lecoq,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Lydie Ploux and
• Lavinia Balan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 95–109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.11

• surface roughness, as can be seen in the SEM images (Figure 7c). Consequently, the diffuse reflectivity drops in favor of the specular reflectance. The particles are no longer simply juxtaposed but form a continuous silver layer, especially after 1000 friction cycles. The characteristic silver plasmon

Bending and punching characteristics of aluminum sheets using the quasi-continuum method

• Man-Ping Chang,
• Shang-Jui Lin and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.108

• strength at a specific structural orientation [51]. Besides, Tran et al. studied the friction and scratch characteristics of pure aluminum by the QC method. The bump width to the bump pitch (W/P) value, scratch depth, surface roughness, and indenter radius were set as variables in order to explore the

Growing up in a rough world: scaling of frictional adhesion and morphology of the Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko)

• Anthony J. Cobos and
• Timothy E. Higham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1292–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.107

• lower values than smooth surfaces. The safety factor went down with body mass and with surface roughness, suggesting that smaller animals may be more likely to occupy rough substrates in their natural habitat. Keywords: allometry; biomechanics; ecology; habitat; ontogeny; substrate; Introduction

• undulant tree bark [20][21][22][23][24][25] (Figure 1). Recent studies have begun to explore the role of surface roughness on frictional adhesion in geckos [1][21][25][26], and performance typically declines as roughness increases. For example, Vanhooydonck and colleagues examined the effects of substrate

• spatula on surfaces with asperities ranging from 100–300 nm, and Gillies et al. [29] manipulated the surface roughness of a macroscopic engineered rough surface in which they manipulated the wavelength and amplitude of peaks that were on the same length scale of the subdigital lamellae. Both studies found

Laser-processed antiadhesive bionic combs for handling nanofibers inspired by nanostructures on the legs of cribellate spiders

• Sebastian Lifka,
• Kristóf Harsányi,
• Erich Baumgartner,
• Lukas Pichler,
• Dariya Baiko,
• Karsten Wasmuth,
• Johannes Heitz,
• Marco Meyer,
• Anna-Christin Joel,
• Jörn Bonse and
• Werner Baumgartner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1268–1283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.105

• value is slightly higher for the LIPSS-covered sample than for polished control sample, which correlates with the behavior described in Figure 5. However, this effect could not be significantly proven. Furthermore, Table 3 shows that an increasing surface roughness does not necessarily entail a

• 800 nm (data not shown here). A 5 mm borehole was mechanically drilled through the laser-processed disks prior to the adhesion measurements. Production of the randomly rough samples and measurement of the surface roughness The Ti alloy samples with randomly rough surface were produced by means of

Biomimetic chitosan with biocomposite nanomaterials for bone tissue repair and regeneration

• Se-Kwon Kim,
• Sesha Subramanian Murugan,
• Pandurang Appana Dalavi,
• Sebanti Gupta,
• Sukumaran Anil,
• Gi Hun Seong and
• Jayachandran Venkatesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1051–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.92

• -hydroxybutyrate) composites generates a hydrophilic environment which promotes cell motility, adhesion, and protein adsorption. Furthermore, the mixture enhances the surface roughness of the composites, stimulating bone cells to attach to the surface [108]. The different characteristics of the 3D porous collagen

Temperature and chemical effects on the interfacial energy between a Ga–In–Sn eutectic liquid alloy and nanoscopic asperities

• Yujin Han,
• Pierre-Marie Thebault,
• Corentin Audes,
• Xuelin Wang,
• Haiwoong Park,
• Jian-Zhong Jiang and
• Arnaud Caron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 817–827, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.72

• surface of the eutectic Ga–In–Sn melt with three AFM tips of different chemistries, namely SiOx, PtSi, and Au. Figure 2 also indicates the surface roughness Rq value for each topography image. We recorded the presented topography images in contact mode by setting and controlling the normal force to Fn = 2

Optimizing PMMA solutions to suppress contamination in the transfer of CVD graphene for batch production

• Chun-Da Liao,
• Andrea Capasso,
• Tiago Queirós,
• Telma Domingues,
• Fatima Cerqueira,
• Nicoleta Nicoara,
• Jérôme Borme,
• Paulo Freitas and
• Pedro Alpuim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 796–806, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.70

• ) [28][33]. The crystal morphology appears very smooth and free of identifiable impurities, with an average surface roughness (Ra) of ca. 0.2 nm (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3d). This value is one order of magnitude lower than that of graphene crystals transferred with C4 PMMA, which showed a

• surface roughness of ca. 2.8 nm. The low roughness obtained with B2 PMMA can be also related to a minimal occurrence of nanometer-scale PMMA residues. XPS was employed to analyze the graphene samples transferred using C4 and B2 PMMA (Figure 4). Figure 4a shows the chemical structure of the PMMA molecule

Effects of substrate stiffness on the viscoelasticity and migration of prostate cancer cells examined by atomic force microscopy

• Xiaoqiong Tang,
• Yan Zhang,
• Jiangbing Mao,
• Yuhua Wang,
• Zhenghong Zhang,
• Zhengchao Wang and
• Hongqin Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 560–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.47

• for cell invasion [25][26]. Our results suggest that stiff substrates promote the protrusion of the leading edge of cancer cell membranes to guide cell motility. The average surface roughness of cells on extracellular environments with different stiffness is shown in Figure 3d. PC-3 cells showed a

• higher average surface roughness (Ra) on stiff substrates than on soft substrates, in contrast to HPV-PZ-7 cells, which did not exhibit this feature. Peak-to-valley ratio roughness (Rt) and root mean square surface roughness (Rq) also showed the same characteristics, see Supporting Information File 1

• , Figure S3c,d. Cell surface roughness is a quantitative measurement of the variability of cellular surface topography and serves as an indicator to assess the state of the cell (i.e., the greater the roughness, the greater the undulation of the cell surface topography [27]). It can be involved in many

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• because they are not biodegradable and provide a more stable matrix in which osteoblasts can proliferate and deposit new ECM. The integration of CNTs into a polymer matrix would increase surface roughness and activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway [128], which is responsible for

• regulating the osteogenic response of cells to surface roughness. In this regard, the fabrication of a CNT-incorporated PLGA nanocomposite has resulted in the enhanced surface roughness and increased attachment and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts [129]. In vitro osteogenesis analysis also showed a

• , and OH) and surface roughness to CNT, Antonioli et al. used oxygen plasma treatment and fabricated novel superhydrophilic VA–CTN films. This treatment could increase the wettability of the nanofilms to acquire appreciable cytocompatibility [134]. The chondrocytes expressed major chondrogenic markers

The effect of metal surface nanomorphology on the output performance of a TENG

• Yiru Wang,
• Xin Zhao,
• Yang Liu and
• Wenjun Zhou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 298–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.25

• ], many attempts have been made to enhance the energy harvesting efficiency. There are four ways to enhance the efficiency of energy collection. These are (1) surface treatment of the contact materials, including increasing the surface roughness and physical surface modification to enhance the surface

Systematic studies into uniform synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Nahal Habibi,
• Ava Mauser,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 274–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.22

• response at the cellular level. Several studies [28][29][30] have shown that considerations such as aspect ratio, stiffness/deformability, and particle surface roughness (deviation of circularity) can have a comparable impact on cellular uptake and/or endosomal escape. Hence, it is important to incorporate

Relationship between corrosion and nanoscale friction on a metallic glass

• Haoran Ma and
• Roland Bennewitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 236–244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.18

• ) and 0.2 M NaCl solution. The original surfaces of the tested ribbons are flat with a surface roughness less than ca. 1 nm. Friction experiments were carried out after immersing a new sample into the solution for 1, 24, or 72 h. The exposed area of the samples was ca. 2.0 cm2 and ca. 1.0 mL of

Thermal oxidation process on Si(113)-(3 × 2) investigated using high-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy

• Hiroya Tanaka,
• Shinya Ohno,
• Kazushi Miki and
• Masatoshi Tanaka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 172–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.12

• important because the surface roughness is enhanced in this mode [17]. It is noted that the oxidation and transition modes are classified as passive oxidation, and the etching mode is classified as active oxidation. It has been shown that the oxide-covered surface is smoother on Si(113) than on Si(001

• time of a mobile SiO species is relatively shorter on Si(113), leading to the less effective formation of oxide islands to enhance surface roughness. It is plausible that the narrow feature of the transition region for Si(113) is related to the observed flatness of the oxidized surface on Si(113) [18

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• dissolved in DMF [44]. They have also reported that the humidity had an effect on the surface morphology of the fibers. The increase of surface roughness of the fibers due to pore formation has been observed with the increase of relative humidity. The increase of fiber diameter with relative humidity can

• application as an oil–water separators, owing to the high surface porosity, submicrometer pore sizes, high permeability, and the ability to control the membrane hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity effortlessly. The nanoscale surface roughness of the nanofibers of the membrane has a direct impact on the wetting

• flexible nanohybrid membrane of Pd NP-decorated polydopamine-SiO2/PVA, which can simultaneously remove organic dyes, chemicals, and oils [83]. (Figure 4 and Figure 5) Superhydrophilicity was found to be a synergistic effect of numerous hydroxy groups from SiO2 NPs and the nano/microscale surface roughness

Nanoscale friction and wear of a polymer coated with graphene

• Robin Vacher and
• Astrid S. de Wijn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 63–73, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.4

• . During sliding, we bin the individual polymer particles depending on their position in the reference frame of the tip. We then calculate the average of a specific property in each bin. We also compute the surface roughness. We first divide the box into bins of size σ0 in both x- and y-directions. Each

• bin is assigned the height of the monomer with the highest z-position. We compute the surface roughness as the root mean square height, where A is the surface area, and Z is the height of the particles on the surface. Results and Discussion Effect of graphene deposition After the deposition of

Alteration of nanomechanical properties of pancreatic cancer cells through anticancer drug treatment revealed by atomic force microscopy

• Xiaoteng Liang,
• Shuai Liu,
• Xiuchao Wang,
• Dan Xia and
• Qiang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1372–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.101

• . The sharp contrast reduced the details of the cell surface microstructure of HDPE6-C7, AsPC-1, and MIA-PaCa-2 cell lines. The corresponding analyses of cell surface roughness is listed in Supporting Information File 1, Table S1, which shows that the surface roughness of MIA-PaCa-2, HDPE6-C7, and AsPC

• ratio, (c) cell spread areas and (d) the corresponding Young's modulus of MIA PaCa-2 cells with/without DOX treatment. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 96: Surface roughness, energy dissipation, point distribution of Young's modulus of AsPC-1, MIA-PaCa-2, BxPC-3, and HDPE6-C7 and

Polarity in cuticular ridge development and insect attachment on leaf surfaces of Schismatoglottis calyptrata (Araceae)

• Venkata A. Surapaneni,
• Tobias Aust,
• Thomas Speck and
• Marc Thielen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1326–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.98

• imaging of young leaf surfaces [7][23]. By means of confocal microscopy experiments, we demonstrate that polarity in ridge development also occurs on leaves of S. calyptrata and that the surface roughness of the leaves increases as the leaves mature. Previous studies have found reduced insect adhesive

A review on slip boundary conditions at the nanoscale: recent development and applications

• Ruifei Wang,
• Jin Chai,
• Bobo Luo,
• Xiong Liu,
• Jianting Zhang,
• Min Wu,
• Mingdan Wei and
• Zhuanyue Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1237–1251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.91

• and varies with the external driving force. In addition, depending on whether there is a true slip length, the amplitude of surface roughness has different influences on the effective slip length. The composition of surface textures, including isotropic and anisotropic textures, can also affect the

• addition, as downsizing can result in an increased surface-to-volume ratio, the solid–liquid interfacial properties, such as wettability and surface roughness, become key factors in the determination of liquid properties near the interface of nanosized systems, and may dramatically affect the slip flow

• density can also lead to the enhancement of the electro-osmotic flow velocity, which indicates that there should be an optimum surface charge density in order to induce a maximum electro-osmotic flow velocity. 2.3 Surface roughness effects It is of great significance to investigate the effect of the

9.1% efficient zinc oxide/silicon solar cells on a 50 μm thick Si absorber

• Rafal Pietruszka,
• Bartlomiej S. Witkowski,
• Monika Ozga,
• Katarzyna Gwozdz,
• Ewa Placzek-Popko and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 766–774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.60

• nanorods showed increased surface roughness. The SEM images revealed grain/columnar-like structures for both cells. In sample A, the grains were larger than in sample B. We observed a significant impact of ZnONR on the size of grains/columns. The solar cell operation was compared. Because of the 3D