Nanomaterials for biomedical applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Filippo Pierini,
• Seda Kizilel and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1499–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.105

• their controlled release. They are also being investigated as gene delivery agents since they can transport DNA or RNA, making them a potential candidate for therapies such as gene therapy and RNA-based vaccines [11]. Furthermore, carbon nanotubes have revealed promising results in targeted delivery

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• distribution, and concentration, characteristics of defects can be tailored with unparalleled precision [95][97][98]. The strategic placement and tuning of defects within these materials can significantly enhance their electrochemical performance, improving charge transport kinetics, increasing active surface

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• hydrophilicity. The increased hydrophilicity facilitates water transport through the membrane, potentially contributing to the observed water flux. Second, the modification process does not alter the intrinsic pore structure of the CTA membrane. As a result, the pathways for water molecules and salt ions remain

• unchanged, leading to no significant differences in the transport properties of the membranes. The consistent pore size and structure ensure that the water flux and salt rejection rates remain similar across the modified and unmodified membranes. The combined effects of these factors result in minimal

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• ) transportation in the body. Due to the role of this transporter in the supply of iron in the cell, it has recently been introduced as one of the specific markers of ferroptosis [50]. Like transferrin, lactoferrin also plays a role in iron transport [51]. Cells absorb iron-bound transferrin with the help of

• and aspartate, while in glial cells xag− system can also transport cysteine [71][72]. The xc− system is a transmembrane transport protein with a high affinity for cysteine, composed of Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 11 (SLC7A11) and Solute Carrier Family 3 Member 2 (SLC3A2) as a heterodimer and plays

• an essential role in restoring GSH and coping with oxidative conditions by transporting cysteine into the cell. This transporter transfers glutamate to transport cysteine into the cell; therefore, its activity and the system xc− are also inhibited by the increase in extracellular glutamate. For this

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• charge carrier transport; however, their uneven porosity and high charge recombination rates hindered their PEC performance improvement. McDonald and Choi [19] introduced a facile electrodeposition method based on p-benzoquinone reduction to fabricate ultrathin BiOI films, which could be thermally

• peaks increased with increasing current density and VO(acac)2 concentration, indicating improved crystallinity and potentially larger grain sizes of the films. This variation in crystallographic properties is expected to influence PEC performance by affecting charge transport and surface reaction

• )2 volumes, suggested improved charge separation and transport pathways. These voids facilitate the diffusion of the reactants and products, reducing the recombination rates and enhancing the water-splitting efficiency. The finer particle sizes and increased porosity, as observed for BiVO4(326

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

• iron transport protein and possesses a hollow cage-like structure, which offers high drug loading. Initially, ferritin was only used as a template to develop diagnostic agents [96]. Later, it was used to encapsulate a wide range of therapeutic agents. Importantly, ferritin receptors are overexpressed

• involving recognition, binding, cellular uptake, and intracellular transport. These steps are specific to different types of target cells and determine the fate of exosomes [107]. Moreover, they offer prolonged circulation, excellent target specificity, and intracellular delivery without degradation

• the tumor SWE stiffness as well as the antitumor effect of drugs. Moreover, biomimetic NPs reduced the CAF status, which in turn attenuates tumor hypoxia by increasing inflammatory blood vessels and oxygen transport capacity. This confirmed the role of CAFs on SWE stiffness and antitumor efficacy

Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications

• Jéssica da Cruz Ludwig,
• Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto,
• Daniele Fernanda Renzi,
• Wolf-Rainer Abraham,
• Daniel de Paula and
• Najeh Maissar Khalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90

• showed a 6-fold increase in the transport of diclofenac to the skin surface when compared with commercial formulations [32]. Nanogels synthesized from a cross-linking copolymer of poly(itaconic anhydride-co-3,9-divinyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane) with 1,12-dodecanediol demonstrated dual pH and

Electronic and optical properties of chloropicrin adsorbed ZnS nanotubes: first principle analysis

• Prakash Yadav,
• Boddepalli SanthiBhushan and
• Anurag Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1184–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.87

• was performed with stringent convergence criteria: a maximum force tolerance of 0.05 eV/Å and a stress tolerance of 0.05 eV/Å3. These parameters ensured the reliability and accuracy of the resulting structural configurations for subsequent electronic and transport property analyses. To study the

Influence of ion beam current on the structural, optical, and mechanical properties of TiO₂ coatings: ion beam-assisted vs conventional electron beam evaporation

• Agata Obstarczyk and
• Urszula Wawrzaszek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1097–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.81

• anatase phase, compared to other phases, is particularly favorable for electrochromic applications due to its efficient ion transport and relatively open configuration of octahedral units. These two phases of titanium dioxide differ significantly in their properties in terms of electronic applications [21

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• compounds, including oligoacenes and oligothiophenes, exhibit excellent carrier transport properties in the aggregated state, rendering them promising candidates for use as organic semiconductors. It can be posited that liquid crystal compounds incorporating extended π-conjugated cores may be considered as

• liquid crystal semiconductors that exhibit anisotropic conduction of electronic charge carriers. The efficient transport of electronic carriers has been confirmed in nematic, chiral nematic, smectic, and columnar phases. It has been demonstrated that liquid crystals comprising extended π-conjugated units

• and polar moieties can exhibit ferroelectric behavior and electronic carrier transport properties. The corresponding materials have been the subject of investigation for potential applications in electroluminescent devices, field-effect transistors, and solar cells [228][229][230][231][232]. To

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• -dependent and can be as short as 100 ps for small particles below 20 nm. Steady-state evaporation is also inefficient for mass transport on a picosecond-to-nanosecond timescale that is of interest here. Thus, thresholds for ablation and fragmentation will shift to energies far above the energy required to

Synthesis of biowaste-derived carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles and the evaluation of electrochemical properties for supercapacitor electrodes

• Navya Kumari Tenkayala,
• Chandan Kumar Maity,
• Md Moniruzzaman and
• Subramani Devaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 933–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.71

• electrode surface, resulting in reduced electrode flux compared to that of higher scan rates. This occurs because current densities are influenced by the rate of scanning [37]. The higher current density at 200 mV/s suggests that, at this specific scan rate, the ion transport rate and the reactions for the

• the real axis [37][41]. The minimal interfacial resistance is confirmed by the PG-CDs-AgNPs reduced RESR value. Easy electrolyte ion transport through highly conducting CDs is the primary cause of the decreased RESR and Rct for PG-CDs-AgNPs. Above all, the fact that the straight line in the case of PG

Structural and magnetic properties of microwave-synthesized reduced graphene oxide/VO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite

• Sumanta Sahoo,
• Ankur Sood and
• Sung Soo Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 921–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.70

• phase change of this metal oxide is generally implemented through a few approaches, including annealing, sol–gel process, hydrothermal process, vapor transport method. However, such approaches are time consuming [26][27][28]. In this context, the ultrafast reduction of V2O5 to VO2 through the MW route

Characterization of ion track-etched conical nanopores in thermal and PECVD SiO₂ using small angle X-ray scattering

• Shankar Dutt,
• Rudradeep Chakraborty,
• Christian Notthoff,
• Pablo Mota-Santiago,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Patrick Kluth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 899–909, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.68

• ][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Conical nanopores are of particular interest because of the asymmetric ion transport resulting from their unique geometry [30][34][35][36][37][38]. Conical nanopores can be reproducibly fabricated at scale using

Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• transport properties in the presence of specific gases, due to the redox reactions that take place on the surface [12][13]. An atomic level understanding of the structure–function relationship in this oxide is essential for guiding the design of efficient materials to optimize the performance of the

• was possible to identify different types of interactions between Pt NPs and cerium oxide surfaces including electron transfer from Pt NPs to CeO2 and transport of oxygen atoms from ceria to Pt NPs, the latter occurring only when the ceria support surface is nanostructured [26]. In addition, thanks to

• , was hypothesized based on optical pump–probe spectroscopy experiments [60]. These quasi-particles, which originate from the coupling between photoexcited charge and lattice distortions induced by the extra charges themselves, largely influence the transport properties of the material. A study by

Facile one-step radio frequency magnetron sputtering of Ni/NiO on stainless steel for an efficient electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction

• Ha Huu Do,
• Khac Binh Nguyen,
• Phuong N. Nguyen and
• Hoai Phuong Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 837–846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.63

• NiO phases, metallic Ni, and high conductivity of SS, which is advantageous for the Volmer step in alkaline solution, the combination of adsorbed H atoms, and electron transport in the catalytic process. These conclusions guide the fabrication of binder-free, robust, affordable electrocatalysts using

Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application

• Hon Nhien Le,
• Duy Khanh Nguyen,
• Minh Triet Dang,
• Huyen Trinh Nguyen,
• Thi Bang Tam Dao,
• Trung Do Nguyen,
• Chi Nhan Ha Thuc and
• Van Hieu Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61

• evaporation curves entered into the decreasing rate period where there is deficiency of free water at the outer surface and water transport from the interior to the surface. The critical water content at which the first decreasing rate period began was identified to be about 40% (the left dashed line in

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• hemispherical analyzers, while guaranteeing adequate energy resolutions. Experimental The SPEM hosted at the ESCA microscopy beamline at Elettra uses diffraction optics to focus the incoming X-ray beam shaped by the photon transport optics to a 130 nm Gaussian-shaped spot. As shown with a sketch in Figure 4

The impact of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane hole transport layer doping on interfacial charge extraction and recombination

• Konstantinos Bidinakis and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 678–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.52

• Konstantinos Bidinakis Stefan A. L. Weber Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany Institute for Photovoltaics, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.16.52 Abstract Selective charge transport layers have a

• devices are the small molecule 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) and the polymer poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA). In this work, we investigate the impact of hole transport layer doping on the performance and potential distribution

• ; hole transport layer doping; Kelvin probe force microscopy; perovskite solar cells; Introduction Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a promising class of photovoltaic material that exhibits high power conversion efficiencies and relies on a low-cost solution-processed fabrication method [1][2][3][4]. At

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• demonstrated that cell adhesion may influence metabolic programming through regulation of adhesion molecules and glucose transport pathways [26][27]. Additionally, the molecular structure of tannic acid allows for potential enzymatic conversion into glucose derivatives via cellular metabolic pathways [28][29

• ]. A previous study demonstrated that TA treatment enhanced glucose transport in 3T3-L1 cells through activation of insulin receptor phosphorylation and GLUT4 translocation [30]. These factors may have contributed to the observed enhancement in cellular metabolic activity at 24 h. The decrease in cell

Aprepitant-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: a novel approach to enhance oral bioavailability

• Mazhar Hussain,
• Muhammad Farooq,
• Muhammad Asad Saeed,
• Muhammad Ijaz,
• Sherjeel Adnan,
• Zeeshan Masood,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Wafa Ishaq and
• Nabeela Ameer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 652–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.50

• release (98.89% ± 4.11%) in PBS (pH 7.4) and followed the Higuchi release model (with exponent n = 0.542), indicating non-Fickian diffusion (anomalous transport). The maximum concentration of drug in plasma and the bioavailability of optimal formulation APT-CD-NP4 were higher than those of pure APT

• (Table 2). Regarding the measurements in PBS (pH 7.4), the value of n of all formulations APT-CD-NP1 to APT-PX-NP8 ranged from 0.542 to 0.943, demonstrating non-Fickian diffusion with anomalous drug transport. The drug release from polymer-based APT-loaded formulations is as follows: When the polymeric

Nanoscale capacitance spectroscopy based on multifrequency electrostatic force microscopy

• Pascal N. Rohrbeck,
• Lukas D. Cavar,
• Franjo Weber,
• Peter G. Reichel,
• Mara Niebling and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 637–651, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.49

• variations influence key properties such as charge transport, polarization dynamics, and defect distributions, directly impacting the performance of microelectronic and energy systems [14][15]. Understanding these effects requires correlating nanoscale dielectric properties with structural and morphological

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• transport and gas exchange, which supports tissue regeneration and cell proliferation [22]. Furthermore, they have mechanical qualities that are similar to those of natural tissues, promoting and protecting the healing process [23]. Review Wound healing and skin regeneration The skin is a vital, protective

Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy

• Shiwani Randhawa,
• Trilok Chand Saini,
• Manik Bathla,
• Rahul Bhardwaj,
• Rubina Dhiman and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44

• composition of exosomes can provide valuable insights into the underlying pathology, making them a promising tool for diagnostic applications. Figure 5 demonstrates how exosomes can transport AβOs and tau protein, both of which are key biomarkers associated with AD. The accumulation of these proteins is

• nm) have been primarily distributed in kidney, spleen, and liver, while larger GO sheets (>200 nm) accumulate in the lungs [99]. For brain targeting, NPs between 100 and 300 nm have been found optimal for BBB transport, while those smaller than 15 nm show faster clearance. Surface characteristics

Water in nanoporous hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets: a first-principles study

• Juliana A. Gonçalves,
• Ronaldo J. C. Batista and
• Marcia C. Barbosa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 510–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.39

• as a molecular sieve [22][23][24][25]. Theoretical studies using molecular dynamics simulations analyzed the impact of the partial charge on the h-BN membrane surface on water molecules and salt ion transport [26]. They noted that the Coulomb interaction between water molecules/ions and the channels

• influences the mobility of water/ions through the membrane. Consequently, the transport rates of both ions and water decrease when passing through the highly polarized membrane. Additionally, the salt rejection in the polarized channel increases in proportion to the channel length, accompanied by a reduction