The Kirkendall effect and nanoscience: hollow nanospheres and nanotubes

• Abdel-Aziz El Mel,
• Ryusuke Nakamura and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1348–1361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.139

• then agglomerate into a single void at the Ni/NiO interface on one side of the nanoparticle (Figure 5a–d) instead of being distributed along the metal/metal oxide interface as observed in the case of the symmetrical conversion mechanism during the oxidation of Cu nanospheres (Figure 5e). As the

• oxidation process proceeds in time, the growth of NiO was reported to occur preferentially at the adjacent side of the void (Figure 5b–d). In general, most authors report that the shell is thinner on the side where a large void is present during oxidation and thicker on the opposite side (Figure 5d). The

• their early report, Nakamura et al. concluded that the formation of an off-centered, single void during oxidation of nickel is related to the intrinsic properties of nickel itself [32]. They came to such a conclusion by comparing the ratio between the diffusion coefficient of Ni in NiO and the self

Carbon nano-onions (multi-layer fullerenes): chemistry and applications

• Juergen Bartelmess and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1980–1998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.207

• , the same group decorated the surface of CNO with Ni(OH)2 or NiO as pseudocapacitive redox material and showed that these composites can be promising materials for the development of supercapacitors [61]. In order to achieve this, the CNO surface was modified with nickel particles, which were

• synthesized in situ from nickel nitrate hexahydrate and ammoniumhydroxide in ethanol in the presence of (4-dimethylamino)pyridine (4-DMAP) as modifier in a one-pot multi-step reaction. Calcination of the CNO/4-DMAP/Ni(OH)2 composite led to the CNO/4-DMAP/NiO composite material. The electrochemical properties

• were promising, especially the specific electrochemical capacitance could be increased largely to 290.6 F·g−1 for the CNO/4-DMAP/NiO and 1225.2 F·g−1 for the CNO/4-DMAP/Ni(OH)2 composite, compared to pristine CNOs with 30.6 F·g−1. Another example for CNO composite-based capacitors was reported by the

Nanocrystalline ceria coatings on solid oxide fuel cell anodes: the role of organic surfactant pretreatments on coating microstructures and sulfur tolerance

• Chieh-Chun Wu,
• Ling Tang and
• Mark R. De Guire

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1712–1724, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.181

• without GDC interlayers. The as-received anodes (i.e., before reduction of NiO to Ni) (Figure 5a) had a Ni:Ce atomic ratio of 3.47 (22.4 atom % Ce) (Table 1), in excellent agreement with the value of 3.43 computed from their nominal composition. (All reported Ni:Ce ratios and cerium concentrations were

• measured by using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS).) The NiO particles ranged in size from 0.5 to 1.5 μm and had faceted, polygonal faces (Figure 5a). The GDC particles were more rounded; many were sintered agglomerates ca. 3 μm long and ca. 1 μm wide. Direct-treated ceria coatings (treatment 2

• ) were mostly uniform and continuous (Figure 5b). The presence of a coating can be readily detected in the covering of the polygonal NiO grains, giving them a more rounded appearance. The untreated coating exhibited a few cracks at grain boundaries and occasional gaps (indicated by a circle in Figure 5b

3D-nanoarchitectured Pd/Ni catalysts prepared by atomic layer deposition for the electrooxidation of formic acid

• Loïc Assaud,
• Evans Monyoncho,
• Kristina Pitzschel,
• Anis Allagui,
• Matthieu Petit,
• Margrit Hanbücken,
• Elena A. Baranova and
• Lionel Santinacci

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 162–172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.16

• shows a homogeneous deposition of granularly structured Pd onto the Ni substrate. X-ray diffraction analysis performed on Ni and NiO substrates revealed an amorphous structure, while the Pd coating crystallized into a fcc lattice with a preferential orientation along the [220]-direction. Surface

• , has been used to grow well-ordered porous structures. Ni and Pd are then successively deposited into the templates by ALD. The alumina membranes are firstly coated by NiO that is reduced to metallic Ni by annealing under H2 atmosphere [29][30] (Figure 1f). The Pd clusters are then deposited directly

• onto the Ni films (Figure 1g). Both NiO and Pd deposition processes have been monitored by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The morphology, the chemical composition and the crystalline structures have been investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and atomic force

Quantum size effects in TiO₂ thin films grown by atomic layer deposition

• Massimo Tallarida,
• Chittaranjan Das and
• Dieter Schmeisser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 77–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.7

• approach to show that the absence of a split structure in feature A should be addressed to the loss of long-range order on a length scale of 1 nm [22]. Recently, Preda et al. showed for NiO/SiO2 that in addition to the lost of long-range order, distortion at the interface induce changes in the XAS spectra

Preparation of NiS/ZnIn₂S₄ as a superior photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution under visible light irradiation

• Liang Wei,
• Yongjuan Chen,
• Jialin Zhao and
• Zhaohui Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 949–955, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.107

• water electrolysis [36]. Although Ni and NiO have already been used as co-catalysts for hydrogen evolution over oxide semiconductor photocatalysts, the application of NiS as co-catalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is less studied [37][38]. Only until recently, Xu et al. reported that NiS can

Characterization of electroforming-free titanium dioxide memristors

• John Paul Strachan,
• J. Joshua Yang,
• L. A. Montoro,
• C. A. Ospina,
• A. J. Ramirez,
• A. L. D. Kilcoyne,
• Gilberto Medeiros-Ribeiro and
• R. Stanley Williams

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 467–473, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.55

• microphysical changes [16][17] during electrical operation (forming and switching). Fortunately, physical characterization efforts with the required spatial resolution and material sensitivity are beginning to shed light on the material changes that take place in material systems such as the titanates, NiO, and

Nanostructure-directed chemical sensing: The IHSAB principle and the dynamics of acid/base-interface interaction

• James L. Gole and
• William Laminack

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 20–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.3

• gas and metal oxides. The dynamic interaction of NO with TiO2, SnO2, NiO, CuxO, and AuxO (x >> 1), in order of decreasing acidity, demonstrates this effect. Interactions with the metal-oxide-decorated interface can be modified by the in situ nitridation of the oxide nanoparticles, enhancing the

• broader-based and predicts reversible sensor–analyte interactions. The fractional deposition of TiO2, SnO2, NiO, CuxO, and AuxO (x >> 1) nanostructured islands (Figure 1) modifies the sensitivity response of the extrinsic porous silicon interface. The deposited nanostructures, in effect, dominate the PS

• orbital makeup now becomes more closely aligned. The nitridation of NiO also leads to a decrease in response for NO; however, the reversible response resulting from the interaction with NH3 increases. Figure 4 presents comparable data as 1–10 ppm of ammonia interacts with a nitridated copper-oxide-treated

Plasmonics-based detection of H₂ and CO: discrimination between reducing gases facilitated by material control

• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam,
• Nicholas A. Joy,
• Benjamin Grisafe and
• Michael A. Carpenter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 712–721, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.81

• and the use of both temperature changes as well as physical and chemical filters [19]. Another example in the direction of materials development is the work by Buso et al., who monitored specific wavelengths of the absorption spectrum of SiO2 sol–gel films containing NiO and Au NPs during gas

• exposures. They demonstrated the selective detection of H2 over CO, based on the differing response characteristics of the films in the different wavelength regions [20]. In another study, Gaspera et al. investigated the role of sol–gel-synthesized metal-oxide (NiO and TiO2) films that were coated over Au

Probing three-dimensional surface force fields with atomic resolution: Measurement strategies, limitations, and artifact reduction

• Mehmet Z. Baykara,
• Omur E. Dagdeviren,
• Todd C. Schwendemann,
• Harry Mönig,
• Eric I. Altman and
• Udo D. Schwarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 637–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.73

• sample surface. Force fields have now been recorded on NiO(001) [10][12][13], MgO/Ag(001) [14], NaCl(001) [15][16], Si(111)-(7×7) [17][18][19], HOPG [20][21], KBr(001) [9][22][23], Cu(111) [24], and CaCO3() [25] surfaces, as well as single molecules of PTCDA [26][27], pentacene [28], CO [29], C60 [30

Graphite, graphene on SiC, and graphene nanoribbons: Calculated images with a numerical FM-AFM

• Fabien Castanié,
• Laurent Nony,
• Sébastien Gauthier and
• Xavier Bouju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 301–311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.34

• [16][17], MgO [18][19][20], NaCl [21][22][23][24][25], CaCO3 [26], TiO2 [27][28][29], NiO [30], KBr [21][31][32][33][34][35], CaF2 [36], and graphite [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] to mention just a few. Moreover, from monolayer to single molecules, submolecular resolution has been obtained on

qPlus magnetic force microscopy in frequency-modulation mode with millihertz resolution

• Maximilian Schneiderbauer,
• Daniel Wastl and
• Franz J. Giessibl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 174–178, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.18

• -polarized tip and the spin-dependent local density of states of the sample (Figure 1b). STM is unable to probe insulating surfaces but AFM can be used: The antiferromagnetic surface structure of NiO (001) was imaged by Magnetic Exchange Force Microscopy (MExFM) [5]. In MExFM the magnetic exchange force

Twofold role of calcined hydrotalcites in the degradation of methyl parathion pesticide

• Alvaro Sampieri,
• Geolar Fetter,
• María Elena Villafuerte-Castrejon,
• Adriana Tejeda-Cruz and
• Pedro Bosch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 99–103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.11

• patterns with marked differences (Supporting Information File 2 for XRD diffractograms). This process leads to the formation of mixed oxides whose crystallite size depends on their crystallization rate [9][10][11][12][27][28]. For instance, NiO and MgO oxides, from Mg–Al and Ni–Al calcined HTs, have a

Magnetic interactions between nanoparticles

• Steen Mørup,
• Mikkel Fougt Hansen and
• Cathrine Frandsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 182–190, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.22

• increasing particle size, i.e., the rotation angle decreases with increasing particle size. This is at least qualitatively in agreement with the volume dependence of the rotation angle given by Equation 15. In studies of interacting nanoparticles of hematite and NiO, a spin rotation much larger than 15° has