Uniform Sb₂S₃ optical coatings by chemical spray method

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Ilona Oja Acik,
• Arvo Mere and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 198–210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.18

• sulfide (Sb2S3), an environmentally benign material, has been prepared by various deposition methods for use as a solar absorber due to its direct band gap of ≈1.7 eV and high absorption coefficient in the visible light spectrum (1.8 × 105 cm−1 at 450 nm). Rapid, scalable, economically viable and

• chemical bath deposition (CBD) [3][4], spin coating [5], atomic layer deposition (ALD) [6] or chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) [7] method, has been applied in extremely thin absorber (ETA) solar cells due to its excellent absorption coefficient in the visible light spectrum (1.8 × 105 cm−1 at 450 nm) [1][2

• spraying in air is illustrated in Figure 6. Optical properties of as-deposited and thermally treated Sb2S3 layers The absorption coefficient (α) and band gap (Eg) values of Sb2S3 in both as-deposited and thermally treated glass/ITO/TiO2/Sb2S3 samples were determined using an approximated Sb2S3 layer

Zn/F-doped tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by laser pyrolysis: structural and optical properties

• Florian Dumitrache,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Elena Dutu,
• Ion Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Alina Ilie,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Cristian Mihailescu,
• Adriana Smarandache and
• Gabriel Prodan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.2

• infrared absorption coefficient of SF6, we had to employ a larger amount of C2H4 to obtain the same laser-induced heating effect. Thus, the C2H4 competes with the Sn(CH3)4 vapors for the limited quantity of available oxidizing agent (O2), resulting in a mixture of SnO2 and SnO phases in the case of the

• bandgap, grain size, oxygen deficiency, surface roughness, and impurity centers [21]. The direct bandgaps of the nanoparticles were determined from the Tauc relation [50][51][52] given by: where α is the absorption coefficient, A is a constant, hν is the photon energy, n is an index that can take

Near-infrared light harvesting of upconverting NaYF₄:Yb³⁺/Er³⁺-based amorphous silicon solar cells investigated by an optical filter

• Daiming Liu,
• Qingkang Wang and
• Qing Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2788–2793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.260

• cells, the hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin-film solar cell is one of the most promising candidates due to its high inherent absorption coefficient, short charge-carrier diffusion length and low production cost [1]. Films of a-Si:H with a wide bandgap of ca. 1.75 eV have a high absorption in

Contactless photomagnetoelectric investigations of 2D semiconductors

• Marian Nowak,
• Marcin Jesionek,
• Barbara Solecka,
• Piotr Szperlich,
• Piotr Duka and
• Anna Starczewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2741–2749, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.256

• current (Figure 1) causes the PME magnetic moment where represents a vector of the azimuthal axis, Ja(r) is the sum of azimuthal components of electron and hole current densities, is the position vector, and r is the distance from the center of the light spot. Assuming an absorption coefficient of light

Non-agglomerated silicon–organic nanoparticles and their nanocomplexes with oligonucleotides: synthesis and properties

• Asya S. Levina,
• Marina N. Repkova,
• Nadezhda V. Shikina,
• Zinfer R. Ismagilov,
• Svetlana A. Yashnik,
• Dmitrii V. Semenov,
• Yulia I. Savinovskaya,
• Natalia A. Mazurkova,
• Inna A. Pyshnaya and
• Valentina F. Zarytova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2516–2525, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.234

• second fraction (5% CH3CN). The mobility of the product in TLC (Rf ≈ 0.5) differed from that of hydrolyzed FITC (Rf ≈ 0.65). The concentration of Si–NH-Flu (33 µM) was evaluated spectrophotometrically using the molar absorption coefficient for fluorescein (ε495 = 74000 cm−1·M−1). For fluorescence

Thickness-dependent photoelectrochemical properties of a semitransparent Co₃O₄ photocathode

• Malkeshkumar Patel and
• Joondong Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2432–2442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.228

• respect to the water redox potential [3][9][10]. The spinel Co3O4 is interesting because of its dual bandgap (1.5 and 2.2 eV), high absorption coefficient, intrinsic p-type doping and chemical stability. It has found application as a light-absorbing entity in all-metal-oxide photovoltaic cells [11][12][13

• samples, which is attributed to its dense and compact film, which causes lower absorption of free carriers than the porous surface. The absorption coefficient (α), which determines the absorption length of the Co3O4 samples was estimated using the relation where d and R are the thickness of the Co3O4

• thermal oxidation of the Co particles. (a) Optical characteristics including the transmittance and absorbance spectra of Co3O4 films. (b) Absorption coefficient (α) as a function of the photon energy (hv). (c) Photograph of a Co3O4 electrode for photoelectrochemical cell studies. (d) Linear sweep

Performance analysis of rigorous coupled-wave analysis and its integration in a coupled modeling approach for optical simulation of complete heterojunction silicon solar cells

• Ziga Lokar,
• Benjamin Lipovsek,
• Marko Topic and
• Janez Krc

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2315–2329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.216

• refraction). The latter is especially important in solar cells where indirect semiconductors such as silicon (Si) are used as an absorber layer, where the absorption coefficient at the photon energy approaching the value of energy bandgap is small. Furthermore, efficient light management is important in

Hierarchical heterostructures of Bi₂MoO₆ microflowers decorated with Ag₂CO₃ nanoparticles for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic removal of toxic pollutants

• Shijie Li,
• Wei Jiang,
• Shiwei Hu,
• Yu Liu,
• Yanping Liu,
• Kaibing Xu and
• Jianshe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2297–2305, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.214

• (hν − Eg)n/2. Where α, h, ν, and A are absorption coefficient, Planck’s constant, the frequency of light, and a constant, respectively. The value of n depends on the type of electronic transition and n is equal to 1 for Bi2MoO6 and Ag2CO3. The Tauc plots of Ag2CO3 and Bi2MoO6 converted from the UV–vis

Spin-coated planar Sb₂S₃ hybrid solar cells approaching 5% efficiency

• Pascal Kaienburg,
• Benjamin Klingebiel and
• Thomas Kirchartz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2114–2124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.200

• absorption coefficient of a thin-film is measured over several orders of magnitude [52][53] which cannot be achieved by standard transmission–reflection measurements using an UV–vis photospectrometer. The large dynamic range of PDS makes it a powerful tool for to study the density of states in the sub

• 350 °C is increased drastically. The same holds true for the 400 °C sample. Due to the macroscopic holes in the film described earlier, the incoming light is still transmitted and not fully absorbed even at high energies which inhibits a proper analysis of the absorption coefficient. Therefore the 400

• absorption coefficient of the Sb-BDC sample crystallized at 265 °C shown in Figure 3g is almost identical to that of the Sb-TU sample crystallized at the same temperature shown in Figure 3c and drawn again in Figure 3g for direct comparison. However, the defect absorption of Sb2S3 from the Sb-BDC route

Multimodal noncontact atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy investigations of organolead tribromide perovskite single crystals

• Yann Almadori,
• David Moerman,
• Jaume Llacer Martinez,
• Philippe Leclère and
• Benjamin Grévin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1695–1704, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.161

• , including a direct band gap, high absorption coefficient, large and balanced carrier mobility, high diffusion length, long carrier lifetime and high photoluminescence quantum yield. Within a few years of their discovery, these materials were successfully used to develop photovoltaic cells [2] with power

Cr(VI) remediation from aqueous environment through modified-TiO₂-mediated photocatalytic reduction

• Rashmi Acharya,
• Brundabana Naik and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1448–1470, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.137

• semiconductor having band gap energy of 2.17 eV. It possesses a high absorption coefficient over the whole visible region, and hence, is used as a suitable solar energy converter [160]. Moreover, it is nontoxic and highly abundant in the earth’s crust [163]. Abdullah and co-investigators deposited p-type Cu2O

New 2D graphene hybrid composites as an effective base element of optical nanodevices

• Olga E. Glukhova,
• Igor S. Nefedov,
• Alexander S. Shalin and
• Мichael М. Slepchenkov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1321–1327, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.125

• nanocomposite have been obtained. The absorption coefficient for p-polarized and s-polarized radiation was calculated for different topological models of the hybrid nanocomposite. It was found that the characteristic peaks with high intensity appear in the UV region at wavelengths from 150 to 350 nm (related to

• graphene) and in the optical range from 380 to 740 nm irrespective of the diameter of the tubes and the distance between them. For waves corresponding to the most intense peaks, the absorption coefficient as a function of the angle of incidence was calculated. It was shown that the optical properties of

• the hybrid nanocomposite were approximately equal for both metallic and semiconductor nanotubes. Keywords: absorption coefficient; 2D CNT–graphene hybrid nanocomposite; optical conductivity; optical nanodevices; topological models; Findings The applicability of graphene hybrid nanocomposites in the

Theoretical study of strain-dependent optical absorption in a doped self-assembled InAs/InGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dot

• Tarek A. Ameen,
• Hesameddin Ilatikhameneh,
• Archana Tankasala,
• Yuling Hsueh,
• James Charles,
• Jim Fonseca,
• Michael Povolotskyi,
• Jun Oh Kim,
• Sanjay Krishna,
• Monica S. Allen,
• Jeffery W. Allen,
• Rajib Rahman and
• Gerhard Klimeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1075–1084, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.99

• nanostructures, such as quantum wells, that are insensitive to normally incident light [2]. The absorption coefficient α(λ) of quantum dots is an important parameter that needs to be precisely designed for the proper operation of these devices. An accurate model for the absorption coefficient α(λ) is therefore

• (sp3d5s*_SO) [10]. The absorption coefficient is calculated by employing Fermi’s golden rule. In the following sections the simulated system and the numerical tools employed in simulations are described, then the theoretical aspects of the problem and optimization of the strain model are discussed. Lastly

• absorption coefficient α, Fermi’s golden rule has been used to calculate the absorption coefficient [32][33], where ndots is the number of quantum dots per unit volume, ω is the photon angular frequency, Ei and Ef are initial and final energies of the transition, Fi and Ff are occupation probability of the

Optical orientation of nematic liquid crystal droplets via photoisomerization of an azodendrimer dopant

• Sergey A. Shvetsov,
• Alexander V. Emelyanenko,
• Natalia I. Boiko,
• Alexander S. Zolot'ko,
• Yan-Song Zhang,
• Jui-Hsiang Liu and
• Alexei R. Khokhlov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 870–879, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.81

• reduction of the trans isomer order parameter, Strans. The obtained data allow one to estimate the trans isomer order parameter and the ratio of isomers under varying LED irradiation. First, the cis isomer absorption coefficient should be determined. It is convenient to use the spectra after LED

• Xcis = 0.74 at λmax = 398 nm, while the absorption coefficient at λ = 365 nm was found to be αcis = 6 cm−1. For the G5-doped NLC, we have found Xcis = 0.93 at λmax = 365 nm, Xcis = 0.81 at λmax = 398 nm, and αcis = 10 cm−1 at λ = 365 nm. Then, we obtain the dependence of the trans isomer order

• , Strans, [47] as where is the average absorption coefficient of the trans isomers. If the unpolarized light beam falls normally on the planarly oriented NLC film, the absorption coefficient equals Without light irradiation, there are only trans isomers. Therefore the absorption spectrum of trans isomers

Mechanistic insights into plasmonic photocatalysts in utilizing visible light

• Kah Hon Leong,
• Azrina Abd Aziz,
• Lan Ching Sim,
• Pichiah Saravanan,
• Min Jang and
• Detlef Bahnemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 628–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.59

• . Direct optical absorption The direct detection of H2O2 in solution by measuring UV spectra is difficult due to the weak molar absorption coefficient of H2O2 (0.01 M−1 cm−1) at 360 nm, which gradually increases up to 13 M−1 cm−1 at the wavelength of 260 nm [115]. Meanwhile, the optical absorption in the

Facile synthesis of ZnFe₂O₄ photocatalysts for decolourization of organic dyes under solar irradiation

• Arjun Behera,
• Debasmita Kandi,
• Sanjit Manohar Majhi,
• Satyabadi Martha and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 436–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.42

• temperature the absorption of the materials shifted towards higher wavelengths. The band-gap energy of ZFO-500 has been calculated with the help of Tauc plots using Equation 1 [30]: where α, h, ν, Eg, and A are absorption coefficient, Plancks constant, frequency of light, band-gap energy and a proportionality

One-step chemical vapor deposition synthesis and supercapacitor performance of nitrogen-doped porous carbon–carbon nanotube hybrids

• Egor V. Lobiak,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva,
• Ekaterina O. Fedorovskaya,
• Yury V. Shubin,
• Pavel E. Plyusnin,
• Pierre Lonchambon,
• Boris V. Senkovskiy,
• Zinfer R. Ismagilov,
• Emmanuel Flahaut and
• Alexander V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2669–2679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.267

• card 000-89-2868) (Figure 4). It is difficult to detect individual metallic phases such as Co, Ni, and Fe apparently due to the small amount present. Furthermore, these metals have a lower linear absorption coefficient in comparison with heavier Mo. Actually, the XRD analysis of the decomposition

Changes of the absorption cross section of Si nanocrystals with temperature and distance

• Michael Greben,
• Petro Khoroshyy,
• Sebastian Gutsch,
• Daniel Hiller,
• Margit Zacharias and
• Jan Valenta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2315–2323, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.231

• the optical absorption coefficient [9]. The NC concentration is necessary for many scientific studies and practical applications such as biolabeling [3]. Besides this, the ACS is related to the transition oscillator strength and therefore, is a very useful parameter for a variety of theoretical

• [9][10] to the absorption coefficient α normalized by the volume concentration of NCs, cV, (σ = α/cV). Finally, by substituting Equation 23 into the approximation presented by Kovalev et al. [29], the temperature dependence of the ACS at a fixed energy of absorbed photons, , can be estimated as: The

Optical techniques for cervical neoplasia detection

• Tatiana Novikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1844–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.186

• is usually modeled by the Monte Carlo algorithm. The fit of the measured spectral data with the optical model of tissue provides the effective values of diagnostically relevant model parameters, e.g., reduced scattering coefficient and absorption coefficient. In the optical model of tissue these

Laser processing of thin-film multilayer structures: comparison between a 3D thermal model and experimental results

• Babak B. Naghshine and
• Amirkianoosh Kiani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1749–1759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.176

• the temperatures are below the boiling point. Plasma shielding and power loss A plasma absorption coefficient was introduced for the plasma shielding effect (Equation 8) [21]. αmax is the maximum absorption that corresponds to the highest possible pulse power. ψ is non-dimensionalized pulse power

Study of the correlation between sensing performance and surface morphology of inkjet-printed aqueous graphene-based chemiresistors for NO₂ detection

• F. Villani,
• C. Schiattarella,
• T. Polichetti,
• R. Di Capua,
• F. Loffredo,
• B. Alfano,
• M. L. Miglietta,
• E. Massera,
• L. Verdoliva and
• G. Di Francia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1023–1031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.103

• account the filter mass. UV–vis (200–850 nm) transmittance spectra of a diluted set of this dispersion have been performed by means of a Shimadzu UV-1800 UV–vis spectrophotometer. In all cases, UV–vis absorbance spectra have been measured that appeared flat and featureless [5]. The absorption coefficient

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

Dispersion of single-wall carbon nanotubes with supramolecular Congo red – properties of the complexes and mechanism of the interaction

• Anna Jagusiak,
• Barbara Piekarska,
• Tomasz Pańczyk,
• Małgorzata Jemioła-Rzemińska,
• Elżbieta Bielańska,
• Barbara Stopa,
• Grzegorz Zemanek,
• Janina Rybarska,
• Irena Roterman and
• Leszek Konieczny

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 636–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.68

• total amount of CR added to the sample. UV–vis absorption spectra were recorded on a Cary 300Bio Varian spectrophotometer. Absorption coefficient for CR: ε489 = 50.46 M−1·cm−1. In order to avoid errors caused by clogging of the membrane (in case of samples containing higher amounts of CR) the filtering

Colorimetric gas detection by the varying thickness of a thin film of ultrasmall PTSA-coated TiO₂ nanoparticles on a Si substrate

• Urmas Joost,
• Andris Šutka,
• Meeri Visnapuu,
• Aile Tamm,
• Meeri Lembinen,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Kathriin Utt,
• Krisjanis Smits,
• Ergo Nõmmiste and
• Vambola Kisand

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 229–236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.25

• properties (refractive index n, absorption coefficient k) of the films using the “Winelli II” software. Film thickness and optical constants were determined from the ellipsometric parameters tan ψ and cos Δ [11]. All the main parameters (d, n, and k) were obtained using a Levenberg–Marquardt non-linear

Sb₂S₃ grown by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and its application in a hybrid solar cell

• Erki Kärber,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Ilona Oja Acik,
• Arvo Mere,
• Valdek Mikli and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1662–1673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.158

• coefficient α, we used 100 nm as a rough estimation of the optically effective thickness of the Sb2S3 layer based on the SEM image of Sb2S3 grown using three cycles (Figure 3). The resulting values of the absorption coefficient α of the Sb2S3 layers are presented in Figure 4. The α values remain above 5 × 104

• the number of deposition cycles used when grown using spray of 1:6 solutions onto a glass/ITO/TiO2 stack (Figure 5). The bandgap of the Sb2S3 was calculated using the spectra of the absorption coefficient of the glass/ITO/TiO2/Sb2S3 layer stacks (Figure 4B). The bandgaps obtained are in accordance

• layers of single-phase stoichiometric Sb2S3 crystals can be prepared by using the CSP technique. To sum up, based on the single-phase Sb2S3 composition of the layers as determined by Raman spectroscopy, and supported by the optical study, namely a bandgap of 1.6 eV, as well as an absorption coefficient