TiO₂/GO-coated functional separator to suppress polysulfide migration in lithium–sulfur batteries

• Ning Liu,
• Lu Wang,
• Taizhe Tan,
• Yan Zhao and
• Yongguang Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1726–1736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.168

• analysis (SDTQ600) was taken under air flow (RT to 800 °C, 10 °C min−1). The N2 adsorption/desorption tests were analyzed using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) theory on a Micromeritics ASAP 2020 device. The surface composition was analyzed by XPS (VG ESCALAB MK II USA). The binding energies of all the

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• functional group, the recognition energy was monitored as a function of the relative location. The most stable relative distance was estimated from the energy minimum in the energy diagram, and the binding energies and binding constants were calculated at those interfacial positions. A series of calculations

High-temperature resistive gas sensors based on ZnO/SiC nanocomposites

• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Marina N. Rumyantseva,
• Alexander S. Frolov,
• Alexey D. Yapryntsev and
• Alexander M. Gaskov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1537–1547, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.151

• convolution functions with simultaneous optimization of the background parameters. The background was simulated using a combination of a Shirley and a Tougaard background. The binding energies (BE) were corrected for the charge shift using the C 1s peak of graphitic carbon (BE = 284.8 eV) as a reference. Gas

Rapid thermal annealing for high-quality ITO thin films deposited by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering

• Petronela Prepelita,
• Ionel Stavarache,
• Doina Craciun,
• Florin Garoi,
• Catalin Negrila,
• Beatrice Gabriela Sbarcea and
• Valentin Craciun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1511–1522, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.149

• energies (0–1150 eV), which revealed the presence of all the intended elements on the surface. The data was calibrated relative to the standard peak of adventitious C 1s with an energy of 284.8 eV. The binding energies of the XPS core peaks (O 1s, In 3d, and Sn 3d), for the as-deposited and RTA-treated

• exhibited a different electrical charge, so it is reasonable to assume that the associated binding energies are slightly higher. The amount of oxides decreases in the treated samples as compared to untreated ones (Table 3). Separate phases of In2O3 and SnO2, respectively, are observed in all studied samples

• the increase in the crystallite size (Table 2) and the reduction of structural defects. To evaluate the chemical composition of the surface for the as-deposited and RTA-processed films, the XPS spectra were recorded, as shown in Figure 3a–c. The spectra were recorded over a wide range of binding

Synthesis of P- and N-doped carbon catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction via controlled phosphoric acid treatment of folic acid

• Rieko Kobayashi,
• Takafumi Ishii,
• Yasuo Imashiro and
• Jun-ichi Ozaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1497–1510, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.148

• are donated to the π-electron system. These differences in the number of electrons supplied to the π-electron system result in differences in the N 1s peak binding energies. Strelko et al. conducted quantum chemical calculations to characterize N-doped graphene, revealing that the electronic states of

Selective gas detection using Mn₃O₄/WO₃ composites as a sensing layer

• Yongjiao Sun,
• Zhichao Yu,
• Wenda Wang,
• Pengwei Li,
• Gang Li,
• Wendong Zhang,
• Lin Chen,
• Serge Zhuivkov and
• Jie Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1423–1433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.140

• -resolution XPS spectrum of W 4f is shown in Figure 5b, which exhibits two symmetric peaks with binding energies around 35.4 eV and at 37.6 eV, originating from W 4f7/2 and W 4f5/2, respectively. These values are indicative of stoichiometric WO3, indicating the presence of W6+ ions [17]. The detailed O 1s XPS

• spectrum is enlarged in Figure 5c. As shown, the O 1s spectrum is fitted by three peaks with binding energies at ≈529.5 eV, ≈530.6 eV and ≈531.6 eV, which could be assigned to lattice oxygen, surface-adsorbed oxygen and hydroxyl on the surface of Mn3O4/WO3, respectively [18]. As can be seen in Figure 5d

Construction of a 0D/1D composite based on Au nanoparticles/CuBi₂O₄ microrods for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity

• Weilong Shi,
• Mingyang Li,
• Hongji Ren,
• Feng Guo,
• Xiliu Huang,
• Yu Shi and
• Yubin Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1360–1367, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.134

• heterojunction was formed in the composite photocatalyst. The chemical and electronic states of the elements on the Au/CBO surface were characterized by XPS. In the Au 4f XPS spectrum (Figure 5a) peaks at binding energies of 84.1 and 87.7 eV pertaining to Au 4f7/2 and Au 4f5/2, respectively, indicate that the

A biomimetic nanofluidic diode based on surface-modified polymeric carbon nitride nanotubes

• Kai Xiao,
• Baris Kumru,
• Lu Chen,
• Lei Jiang,
• Bernhard V. K. J. Schmidt and
• Markus Antonietti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1316–1323, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.130

• × 10−9 mbar. The binding energies were referenced to the C 1s line at 284.8 eV from adventitious carbon. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) JSM-7500F (JEOL) at an accelerating voltage of 3 kV was used to get the top view of the CNNs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were recorded with a Bruker D8

A silver-nanoparticle/cellulose-nanofiber composite as a highly effective substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Yongxin Lu,
• Yan Luo,
• Zehao Lin and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1270–1279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.126

• corresponding high-resolution spectrum of the Ag 3d region, where the two peaks located at 368.4 and 374.4 eV are attributed to the binding energies of Ag 3d5/2 and Ag 3d3/2 of metallic silver, respectively [60]. This result indicates metallic silver in the as-prepared paper-based SERS substrate, which is in

Alloyed Pt₃M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Stéphane Louisia,
• Yohann R. J. Thomas,
• Pierre Lecante,
• Marie Heitzmann,
• M. Rosa Axet,
• Pierre-André Jacques and
• Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

• the Pt3Ni series is also around 2 nm, highlighting the effectiveness of the synthetic procedure followed in this work. Moreover, these binding energies are also dependent on the nature of the metal. These observations could explain the strong differences between Pt3Co and Pt3Ni catalysts. In both

• -distributed NPs are the result of the good interaction between the transition metal and the nitrogen-doped CNT. It is known that high binding energies between the transition metal and the carbon support modify the electronic properties of the NPs and can facilitate the adsorption of the O2. However, XPS data

Playing with covalent triazine framework tiles for improved CO₂ adsorption properties and catalytic performance

• Giulia Tuci,
• Andree Iemhoff,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Lapo Luconi,
• Andrea Rossin,
• Vasiliki Papaefthimiou,
• Regina Palkovits,
• Jens Artz,
• Cuong Pham-Huu and
• Giuliano Giambastiani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1217–1227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.121

• Information File 1, Figures S2D–E and D′–E′). The N 1s XPS spectra recorded for all new CTF samples are fitted with two main components and a minor shoulder at binding energies (BE) between 398.5 ± 0.2, and 402.5 ± 0.5 eV. (see Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3A–E and Figure S4). While the former

• treatment [30][47][48][49]. Minor shoulders at higher binding energies for all N 1s profiles are finally attributed to a certain extent of N–O species in the samples [50] (Table 1). Notably, all materials prepared from the DCI (III) monomer as such (CTF3) or in mixture with p-DCB (I) (CTF4) or DCBP (II

Glucose-derived carbon materials with tailored properties as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Rafael Gomes Morais,
• Natalia Rey-Raap,
• José Luís Figueiredo and
• Manuel Fernando Ribeiro Pereira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1089–1102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.109

• * transitions in aromatic rings (peak V) at 290.6 ± 0.5 eV [43]. Carbon sp2 (peak I) is an asymmetric peak consisting of a tail towards higher binding energies that represents ≈80% of surface carbon, which does not show significant differences for activated and carbonized samples. However, noticeable

• detected for N-doped carbons prepared by the ball milling method, as an additional peak is detected at higher binding energies corresponding to N–O–C bonds (peak IV), which is in agreement with the oxidized nitrogen peak also shown in the N 1s spectra. In addition, different contributions of the oxygen

• the contribution of the various surface groups due to overlaps in their binding energies. Therefore, the contribution of oxygen-containing surface groups in undoped samples was further analysed by TPD. The CO and CO2 measurements obtained for undoped activated and carbonized samples are presented in

Structural and optical properties of penicillamine-protected gold nanocluster fractions separated by sequential size-selective fractionation

• Xiupei Yang,
• Zhengli Yang,
• Fenglin Tang,
• Jing Xu,
• Maoxue Zhang and
• Martin M. F. Choi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 955–966, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.96

• very small particles and bulk materials, and that the dimensionally dependent changes in the electronic structure produce unusual characteristics [32]. The binding energies of the latter fraction are higher than those of the former fraction, further indicating that the gold cores of the latter were

• -protected AuNC product and the sequential size-selected fractions (B) F36%, (C) F54%, (D) F72%, (E) F90%, and (F) F0%. The right panels display the Au 4f7/2 and Au 4f5/2 binding energies and Au/S ratio of the samples determined by XPS. XPS spectra in the S 2p region of the (A) crude penicillamine-protected

• AuNC product and the sequential size-selected fractions (B) F36%, (C) F54%, (D) F72%, (E) F90%, and (F) F0%. The right panel displays the S 2p3/2 and S 2p1/2 binding energies of the samples. (A) UV–visible absorption and (B) corrected photoluminescence spectra (excited at 380 nm) of the (0) crude

Synthesis of novel C-doped g-C₃N₄ nanosheets coupled with CdIn₂S₄ for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

• Jingshuai Chen,
• Chang-Jie Mao,
• Helin Niu and
• Ji-Ming Song

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 912–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.92

• , N, Cd, In, and S, also verifying the coexistence of CCN nanosheets and CdIn2S4 nanocrystals in the composite. The C 1s spectrum in Figure 5b shows some new peaks with binding energies at 284.8 eV, 286.0 eV and 288.1 eV. According to the reported literature, the peak located at 284.8 eV belongs to

Synthesis of MnO₂–CuO–Fe₂O₃/CNTs catalysts: low-temperature SCR activity and formation mechanism

• Yanbing Zhang,
• Lihua Liu,
• Yingzan Chen,
• Xianglong Cheng,
• Chengjian Song,
• Mingjie Ding and
• Haipeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 848–855, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.85

• results of XRD (Figure 2). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy The XPS spectra of the as-prepared catalysts are given in Figure 4. The elements Mn, Cu, Fe, C, and O were detected in the XPS full-scan spectrum of Figure 4A. For the Mn 2p spectrum of 4% MnO2–CuO–Fe2O3/CNTs (Figure 4B), the binding energies at

• of XRD and NO conversion measurements. The binding energies of Cu 2p1/2 and Cu 2p3/2 of the 4% MnO2–CuO–Fe2O3/CNTs catalyst (Figure 4C) are located at 954.3 and 934.4 eV, respectively, along with satellites at higher energies, indicating the formation of CuO [28]. The energy separation between Cu 2p1

• 724.7 and 711.2 eV, respectively, can be attributed to Fe2O3 [32]. The energy separation of 13.5 eV is typical for Fe2O3 [33]. The two satellites at 732.7 and 718.4 eV also verify the formation of Fe2O3 [34]. In spectrum b of Figure 4E, the binding energies of Fe 2p1/2 and Fe 2p3/2 (724.4 and 711.0 eV

Trapping polysulfide on two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide for Li–S batteries through phase selection with optimized binding

• Sha Dong,
• Xiaoli Sun and
• Zhiguo Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 774–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.77

• '-MoS2 monolayer are lower in energy than the orbital of 2H-MoS2, thus leading to a stronger binding. Both 2H-MoS2 and 1T'-MoS2 monolayers show less trapping of S8 with a binding energy of 0.04 eV. The binding energies of Li2Sx on borophene are in the range from −1.00 to −3.00 eV [15] and on Ni-doped

• between the monolayer and the puckered ring structure S8, which is consistent with the corresponding small binding energies. The working mechanism of Li–S batteries includes the following steps, octasulfur is reduced to long chains of LPSs, Li2Sx (6 < x ≤ 8), and further to lower-order LPSs, Li2Sx (2 < x

• of Li–S batteries [7][8]. An ideal anchoring material with binding energies with LPSs in the range from 0.8 to 2.0 eV [15], and with good electrical and ionic conductivity is desirable for improving the electrochemical performance of Li–S batteries. Although the 2H-MoS2 monolayer shows good Li

The effect of translation on the binding energy for transition-metal porphyrines adsorbed on Ag(111) surface

• Luiza Buimaga-Iarinca and
• Cristian Morari

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 706–717, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.70

• (larger for nitrogen, intermediate for carbon and minimal for hydrogen). The results for the binding energies of TMPP and silver are summarized in Figure 2. Due to symmetry considerations, the four points investigated by us will cover most of the unit cell of the Ag(111) surface (see the right panel of

• in the paragraph above). Indeed, the two systems display the strongest binding energies among all systems. For all systems we found that the bridge configuration is the most stable. However, the maximum difference between the total energies of different configurations is around 0.25 eV, which is a

• relatively small values, close to the accuracy of DFT. The ordering of the binding energies is (from highest to lowest): VPP, MnPP, CoPP, NiPP, FePP and CrPP (the last two have identical binding energies). These close values may explain the complex geometries that were found in the experimental studies. For

Reduced graphene oxide supported C₃N₄ nanoflakes and quantum dots as metal-free catalysts for visible light assisted CO₂ reduction

• Md Rakibuddin and
• Haekyoung Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 448–458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.44

• impurity elements are found (Figure 3a). Figure 3b shows the fit to the C 1s peak of the GCN-5 hybrid. The fitting of the C 1s spectrum shows four major deconvoluted peaks related to the carbon states of rGO and g-C3N4. The sharp peaks at binding energies of 285.04, 287.03, 288.52, and 289.6 eV observed in

• the C 1s spectrum correspond to C–C bonds in rGO, N–C=N/C–O bonds in g-C3N4 and rGO, and C=O and O−C=O bonds in rGO, respectively [33][34]. The core-level N 1s profile shows (Figure 3c) three deconvoluted peaks at binding energies of 398.8, 400.6, and 401.8 eV, which are attributed to the sp2

• the breaking of most C–N bonds due to formation of NFs and QDs. Figure 3d shows a high-resolution XPS spectrum of O 1s present in the GCN-5 hybrid. The peaks at binding energies of 531.7 and 532.8 eV are attributed to carbonyl and epoxy C–O groups of rGO, respectively, which are still present in the

Nanoporous water oxidation electrodes with a low loading of laser-deposited Ru/C exhibit enhanced corrosion stability

• Sandra Haschke,
• Dmitrii Pankin,
• Vladimir Mikhailovskii,
• Maïssa K. S. Barr,
• Adriana Both-Engel,
• Alina Manshina and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.15

• ), which are due to the Ru/C layer and adventitious carbon. Argon ion sputtering results in a reduced carbon content (observable in both the C 1s and O 1s regions), as well as in a shift of the Ru 3d doublet of peaks to lower binding energies (Figure 8b and Figure S4, Supporting Information File 1). Thus

Zn/F-doped tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by laser pyrolysis: structural and optical properties

• Florian Dumitrache,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Elena Dutu,
• Ion Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Alina Ilie,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Cristian Mihailescu,
• Adriana Smarandache and
• Gabriel Prodan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.2

• ZTO0.44 sample and is directly dependent on the Zn/Sn vapor flow ratio. High-resolution XPS core level spectra of Sn3d, O1s, F1s and Zn2p were made for the highest Zn-doped sample (ZTO0.44) and the only the fluorine-doped sample (ZTOst). The binding energies were calibrated using the C1s peak at 284.4 eV

A novel polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-modified layered double hydroxide: preparation, characterization and properties

• Xianwei Zhang,
• Zhongzhu Ma,
• Hong Fan,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Jintao Wan and
• Philippe Dubois

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3053–3068, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.284

• , these peaks in the brucite-like lattice show a small shift toward higher binding energies, probably arising from the interferences of OCPS intercalators. A similar phenomenon has been reported before in the case of carbon black nanoparticles modified Ni–Fe LDH [31]. XRD The XRD patterns of NLDH and OLDH

Ternary nanocomposites of reduced graphene oxide, polyaniline and hexaniobate: hierarchical architecture and high polaron formation

• Claudio H. B. Silva,
• Maria Iliut,
• Christopher Muryn,
• Christian Berger,
• Zachary Coldrick,
• Vera R. L. Constantino,
• Marcia L. A. Temperini and
• Aravind Vijayaraghavan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2936–2946, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.272

• level photoelectrons present slightly different binding energies depending on the environment of the carbon atoms. Figure 4 shows the high-resolution XPS spectra at the C 1s core level for GO and rGO samples prepared by reactions at 25 °C for 7 days and at 80 °C for 3 h (rGO-25 and rGO-80, respectively

• groups, since these groups induce different environments for the carbon atoms and, consequently, their corresponding C 1s photoelectrons present slightly different binding energies [34][39][40][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]. The comparison of the curve fitting for GO and rGO-25 shows the

Nanostructure-induced performance degradation of WO₃·nH₂O for energy conversion and storage devices

• Zhenyin Hai,
• Mohammad Karbalaei Akbari,
• Zihan Wei,
• Danfeng Cui,
• Chenyang Xue,
• Hongyan Xu,
• Philippe M. Heynderickx,
• Francis Verpoort and
• Serge Zhuiykov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2845–2854, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.265

• temperature, the lattice oxygen in the three as-synthesized samples shifts to lower binding energies from 530.8 eV over 530.6 eV to 520.3 eV. The area of the OH2O peaks indicates the structural difference between layered WO3·2H2O, layered WO3·H2O and 3D WO3. The decreasing area of OH2O peaks with higher

Controlling surface morphology and sensitivity of granular and porous silver films for surface-enhanced Raman scattering, SERS

• Sherif Okeil and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2813–2831, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.263

• shows that there is a slight broadening in the direction of lower binding energies for nitrogen plasma treated silver (Figure 4a and Figure S9a, Supporting Information File 1). Only for the nitrogen plasma treated silver film, a second small peak at 367.63 eV can be fitted besides the main peak at

Accurate control of the covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes for the electro-enzymatically controlled oxidation of biomolecules

• Naoual Allali,
• Veronika Urbanova,
• Mathieu Etienne,
• Xavier Devaux,
• Martine Mallet,
• Brigitte Vigolo,
• Jean-Joseph Adjizian,
• Chris P. Ewels,
• Sven Oberg,
• Alexander V. Soldatov,
• Edward McRae,
• Yves Fort,
• Manuel Dossot and
• Victor Mamane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2750–2762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.257

• essentially a surface-specific method. The clear Fe 2p signal obtained for functionalized samples and reported for instance in Figure S1B (Supporting Information File 1) for the HIPCO-FcETG2 sample arises exclusively from the grafted groups. The binding energies of the Fe 2p components were always at 720.4 eV

• . Three-step covalent functionalization of HIPCO SWCNTs using different acidic conditions for step 1. Ferrocene derivatives (FcAlkyl and FcETGn) with different linkers. Detailed C 1s spectra of A) raw HIPCO and B) HIPCO-HNO3-FcETG8. The binding energies of the Fe 2p components were always at 720.4 eV and