Synthesis of hydrophobic photoluminescent carbon nanodots by using L-tyrosine and citric acid through a thermal oxidation route

• Venkatesh Gude

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1513–1522, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.164

• carbonization process at 220 °C without a disturbance of its benzylic protons and aromatic phenyl ring bearing hydroxy group. TEM and XRD studies revealed a quasi-spherical morphology and poor-crystalline nature of CNDs. Because the presence of the hydroxy group of L-tyrosine is dominating at the surface, these

• -tyrosine (344 °C) and above the melting point of citric acid (154 °C). During the carbonization process a selective transformation of the L-tyrosine molecule was observed and the benzylic protons as well as the phenyl ring bearing a hydroxy group did not participate in the reaction at 220 °C. This tyrosine

• constant stirring. The resulting solution was evaporated at 100–120 °C to yield a colorless powder. The dried colorless powder was put in a silica crucible and subjected to thermal oxidation in air for 30 min at temperatures of 220 °C and 300 °C (Scheme 1). During the carbonization process, the evolution

A catechol biosensor based on electrospun carbon nanofibers

• Dawei Li,
• Zengyuan Pang,
• Xiaodong Chen,
• Lei Luo,
• Yibing Cai and
• Qufu Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 346–354, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.39

• carbonization technique. And a polyphenol biosensor was fabricated by blending the obtained CNFs with laccase and Nafion. Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) were, respectively, employed to investigate the structures and

• a variety of polymers. The carbonization of electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers can be employed to fabricate CNFs [24]. Lin et al. reported that an electrospun-CNF-modified carbon-paste electrode (CNF–CPE) could be used for the mediatorless detection of NADH [25]. Electrodes modified with Pd

• carbonization techniques. And the ECNFs were employed to design a novel laccase-based biosensor, which displayed outstanding sensitivity to catechol with a wide linear range, a low detection limit and a fast response. Furthermore, the biosensor also displayed good repeatability, reproducibility and stability

Controlled synthesis and tunable properties of ultrathin silica nanotubes through spontaneous polycondensation on polyamine fibrils

• Jian-Jun Yuan,
• Pei-Xin Zhu,
• Daisuke Noda and
• Ren-Hua Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 793–804, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.90

• polymers and subsequent carbonization. Keywords: biomimetic silicification; polyethyleneimine; silica–carbon nanocomposite; silica nanotubes; template synthesis; Introduction Silica nanotubes with a controlled nanostructure (i.e., wall thickness and hollow space) and a tunable chemical composition are

• to create silica/carbon hybridized nanotubes by alternative adsorption of ionic polymers and subsequent carbonization. Results and Discussion Silica nanotubes templated by alkali-induced LPEI fibrils. Self-assembled LPEI fibrils were prepared by dropping NaOH solution (1 mL, 5 M) into 5 mL of an

• reports on the carbonization of porous silica–polymer [47] and organosilica/surfactant composites [48][49]. However, the synthesis of silica–carbon composite nanotube materials is still very rare. Liu and co-workers [50] have recently reported the fabrication of silica–carbon nanotubes by carbonization of

Functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Eloise Van Hooijdonk,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Rony Snyders and
• Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 129–152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.14

• covered by the SAM, patterning the resulting polymer [57]. After the removal of SAM and the carbonization step of the PDMS, aligned carbon nanotubes can grow in the areas from which the SAM was removed. This technique has also been use to print catalysts, instead of SAMs, to synthesize free-standing

• drying, a patterned polymer is obtained and, consequently, after the carbonization step, patterned aligned carbon nanotubes can grow [57][61]. The disadvantage of the use of polymer in the lithography techniques described previously is the carbonization step, that is necessary to transform the polymer

• layer, remaining stable at the high temperatures involved in the CNTs growth process from FePc. The carbonization step, i.e., the inconvenient stage when using polymers in lithography techniques, can therefore be skipped with this method [62]. An alternative technique used to pattern aligned carbon