BergaCare SmartLipids: commercial lipophilic active concentrates for improved performance of dermal products

• Florence Olechowski,
• Rainer H. Müller and
• Sung Min Pyo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2152–2162, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.208

• remained practically unchanged during one year of storage. Carriers, especially fluid carriers such as liposomes, can reduce in number in a final product during shelf life. Liposomes have a tendency to fuse with the stabilizer layers of oil droplets in oil/water creams. For the best quality, the

• products. Thus, all nanoparticles, e.g., as reported for liposomes [23][24], have an increased adhesiveness to skin. In a recent study it could be shown that the adhesiveness of solid lipid particle suspensions to human skin is superior to fluid nanoemulsion droplets. Both, similar in size, were labeled

• sunscreens are normally dissolved in the oil phase of oil/water emulsions. Due to the liquid state of the oil droplets, the evenly and molecularly dispersed sunscreen within the droplets can be released quickly and penetrate into the skin. The release of oxybenzone from an emulsion and SLNs was compared in

Microbubbles decorated with dendronized magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical imaging: effective stabilization via fluorous interactions

• Da Shi,
• Justine Wallyn,
• Dinh-Vu Nguyen,
• Francis Perton,
• Delphine Felder-Flesch,
• Sylvie Bégin-Colin,
• Mounir Maaloum and
• Marie Pierre Krafft

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2103–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.205

• foam was immediately diluted to 10 mL of HEPES buffer. Size fractionation of the microbubbles was achieved by flotation for 60 min. Optical microscopy A few droplets (three to four) of the bubble dispersion were positioned in a concave glass slide and covered with a glass slide. The samples were

Nanostructured and oriented metal–organic framework films enabling extreme surface wetting properties

• Andre Mähringer,
• Julian M. Rotter and
• Dana D. Medina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1994–2003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.196

• the VAC process, namely the surface roughness and the crystallite orientation on the substrate. Antifog coating with MOF films Water condensation on surfaces is a known phenomenon occurring at the dew point on substrates such as glass, which serves as a favorable nucleation site for water droplets

• surface is expected to form, hindering the nucleation of water droplets on the glass surface. For this purpose, we employed the newly developed methodology for the synthesis of nanostructured Ni-CAT-1 films on gold substrates with a slightly modified synthesis procedure in order to address larger

• , obscured by the water droplets generated by the condensation of steam on the glass surface (Figure 5E). In contrast, using a MOF-coated glass substrate, high transparency and clear visibility through the substrate were enabled, and the seal was visible even after longer exposure times (Figure 5F,G). To

Lipid nanostructures for antioxidant delivery: a comparative preformulation study

• Elisabetta Esposito,
• Maddalena Sguizzato,
• Markus Drechsler,
• Paolo Mariani,
• Federica Carducci,
• Claudio Nastruzzi,
• Giuseppe Valacchi and
• Rita Cortesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1789–1801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.174

• (Table 5). This trend suggest that TOC could contribute to stabilize the interface between the lipid and the aqueous phase, leading to smaller droplets and finally to smaller nanoparticles. The agglomerate presence was more evident in the case of compritol and absent in the case of suppocire, as in the

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• vapour annealing [201]. Complicated morphology shifts such as swelling, coalescing of aggregates, bicontinuous pattern formation, one-dimensional droplet formation, and the periodic evolution of the droplets were observed. Mori et al. reported the formation of two-dimensional arrays of disk-shaped nano

• droplets and used a subphase-miscible solvent [218]. The modified method may become a powerful method to fabricate two-dimensional thin films of zero-dimensional nanoparticles at liquid interface. The lateral degree of motional freedom of the liquid interfaces can promote associations of molecules and

Direct growth of few-layer graphene on AlN-based resonators for high-sensitivity gravimetric biosensors

• Jimena Olivares,
• Teona Mirea,
• Lorena Gordillo-Dagallier,
• Bruno Marco,
• José Miguel Escolano,
• Marta Clement and
• Enrique Iborra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 975–984, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.98

• nickel catalyst layers The thickness of the catalyst Ni layers was reduced to 100 nm, which was thin enough as not to compromise the resonator performance but sufficient to avoid the formation of Ni droplets on the surface of the SMRs during the heating processes due to dewetting [17]. However, the

Rapid, ultraviolet-induced, reversibly switchable wettability of superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic surfaces

• Yunlu Pan,
• Wenting Kong,
• Bharat Bhushan and
• Xuezeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 866–873, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.87

• spectroscopy (FTIR, Nicolet iS50, Thermo Scientific, USA). The contact angles were measured at room temperature with an optical contact angle meter (DropMeterTM Element A-60, Maist, Ningbo, China), where the static CAs of the droplets (6 µL) placed onto the surfaces were measured five times at different

Novel reversibly switchable wettability of superhydrophobic–superhydrophilic surfaces induced by charge injection and heating

• Xiangdong Ye,
• Junwen Hou and
• Dongbao Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 840–847, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.84

• between superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity using a folded graphene coating that was prepared by ethanol drying and prewetting. The wettability of droplets on electrodes coated with an insulator thin film can be changed by applying direct or alternating-current potentials. This phenomenon is

• termed electrowetting [19]. The equilibrium morphology under electrical wetting conditions is determined by the equilibrium of Maxwell stress and Laplace pressure [20][21]. Verplanck et al. [22] reported the reversible electrical wetting of droplets on superhydrophobic silicon nanowires in air and oil

• environments. At 150 V, the maximum contact angle could be reduced by 23° by electrical wetting in a reversible manner. Li et al. [23] studied the diffusion of droplets of ionic liquids on an insulating electrode subjected to an external voltage. The catalytic effect of a vertical electric field on the

Features and advantages of flexible silicon nanowires for SERS applications

• Hrvoje Gebavi,
• Vlatko Gašparić,
• Dubravko Risović,
• Nikola Baran,
• Paweł Henryk Albrycht and
• Mile Ivanda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 725–734, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.72

• deposition at 500 °C. After short sputtering times (3 and 5 min), the SiNWs are decorated with irregularly shaped droplets of 20–60 nm diameter (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S6). In the range from 7 to 10 min (Figure 3), the upper SiNW layer is completely covered with Ag, yielding Ag cylinders for

Self-assembly and wetting properties of gold nanorod–CTAB molecules on HOPG

• Imtiaz Ahmad,
• Floor Derkink,
• Tim Boulogne,
• Pantelis Bampoulis,
• Harold J. W. Zandvliet,
• Hidayat Ullah Khan,
• Rahim Jan and
• E. Stefan Kooij

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 696–705, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.69

• nonwetting substrates, suspension droplets typically leave a deposit of particles after evaporation of the solvent in the form of a cluster [54][55][56]. For instance, to maintain its contact angle on nonwetting surface like HOPG, the inward motion of the shrinking droplet will sweep away all particles from

Integration of LaMnO_3+δ films on platinized silicon substrates for resistive switching applications by PI-MOCVD

• Raquel Rodriguez-Lamas,
• Dolors Pla,
• Odette Chaix-Pluchery,
• Benjamin Meunier,
• Fabrice Wilhelm,
• Andrei Rogalev,
• Laetitia Rapenne,
• Xavier Mescot,
• Quentin Rafhay,
• Hervé Roussel,
• Michel Boudard,
• Carmen Jiménez and
• Mónica Burriel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 389–398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.38

• changing their concentration. Besides, the PI-MOCVD technique offers the additional benefit of injecting micro droplets by using an electric valve granting excellent control over the quantity of precursor transferred to the reaction chamber and therefore a good control of the thickness of the films. Hence

Pull-off and friction forces of micropatterned elastomers on soft substrates: the effects of pattern length scale and stiffness

• Peter van Assenbergh,
• Marike Fokker,
• Julian Langowski,
• Jan van Esch,
• Marleen Kamperman and
• Dimitra Dodou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 79–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.8

• assessing microscopic images of dispersion droplets of particles in water. Diameters of 100 particles were determined using ImageJ [43], and the average diameter and polydispersity index were determined using equations 1–3 from Nematollahzadeh et al.[44]. Fabrication of micropatterns Deposition of colloidal

A comparison of tarsal morphology and traction force in the two burying beetles Nicrophorus nepalensis and Nicrophorus vespilloides (Coleoptera, Silphidae)

• Liesa Schnee,
• Benjamin Sampalla,
• Josef K. Müller and
• Oliver Betz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 47–61, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.5

• in N. vespilloides. The body-size-corrected numbers are almost identical in both species. Surface roughness and contact angle measurements The contact angles (CA) of static droplets of doubly distilled water on the epoxy casts (10 surfaces for each combination) were about 40° on the hydrophilic

• surfaces with roughness values of 3 µm and 11 µm were not characterized by drop-shape analyses, as single droplets of doubly distilled water spread instantly over the treated surfaces, indicating a much higher surface polarity than the respective untreated surfaces. Traction force of animals having all

• s in Antispread E2 (E2/200 Fluorocarbon 60, Horb-Ahldorf, Germany) solution and air-dried for 24 h at room temperature, a method used previously [14][55]. All treated surfaces were controlled by means of static contact angle measurements by using five 4 µL droplets of doubly distilled water. Images

Controlling surface morphology and sensitivity of granular and porous silver films for surface-enhanced Raman scattering, SERS

• Sherif Okeil and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2813–2831, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.263

• Scientific UV–vis spectrophotometer (Evolution 600). The water contact angle was measured using a Krüss DSA 30 model drop-shape analysis system. The water contact angle was measured by placing 5 µL water droplets on the silver surface. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al2O3 Silver films on glass substrates

• in the water contact angle. Especially after subsequent oxidation/reduction plasma treatments where nanoporous silver films are obtained, the silver films quickly absorb the droplets through capillary effects thus enabling the analyte to get in good contact with the silver surface. Evaluation of the

Biomimetic surface structures in steel fabricated with femtosecond laser pulses: influence of laser rescanning on morphology and wettability

• Camilo Florian Baron,
• Alexandros Mimidis,
• Daniel Puerto,
• Evangelos Skoulas,
• Emmanuel Stratakis,
• Javier Solis and
• Jan Siegel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2802–2812, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.262

• ). The instrumentation used to measure the contact angle (CA) was an OCA 15EC system that allows mechanical deposition of 4 µL deionized water droplets on the areas of interest. The system has a homogeneous illumination source and imaging optics that project the image of the droplet onto a CCD camera

• different experimental conditions, as indicated in Table 1. The plotted fluences are 0.12 (pink triangle), 0.2 (blue triangle), 0.5 (red circle) and 1 J/cm2 (black square). Side view of water droplets placed on different laser-processed areas. The labels/frame color of the right column of micrographs

Nanostructured liquid crystal systems and applications

• Alexei R. Khokhlov and
• Alexander V. Emelyanenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2644–2645, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.245

• structure on the nanoscale level for detection of small fractions of dopant materials. In this respect, much attention has been paid to the investigation of liquid crystal droplets dissolved in liquid, in particular, to the photoinduced orientation of liquid crystal molecules at the surface of a droplet

Characterization of the microscopic tribological properties of sandfish (Scincus scincus) scales by atomic force microscopy

• Weibin Wu,
• Christian Lutz,
• Simon Mersch,
• Richard Thelen,
• Christian Greiner,
• Guillaume Gomard and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2618–2627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.243

• droplets of 1 µL. Using larger volumes of 5 µL the water droplet gets in contact with several scales and the tissue between neighbouring scales. In this case, initial contact angles are smaller (92°) and decrease with time to values of about 80° to 60° after 10 min. We conclude that in the latter case the

Au–Si plasmonic platforms: synthesis, structure and FDTD simulations

• Anna Gapska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2599–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.241

• film so dewetting occurs while the film remains in the solid state. When the temperature of the system is increased up to the eutectic temperature, the solid–liquid transition takes place and liquid droplets remain on the support surface [2]. In plasmonics, one of the most commonly used metal is Au

Droplet-based synthesis of homogeneous magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

• Christian D. Ahrberg,
• Ji Wook Choi and
• Bong Geun Chung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2413–2420, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.226

• several distinct droplets. Furthermore, chaotic advection inside of the droplets can increase the mixing performance of these devices [25]. Current microfluidic technology allows for the production of stable droplets in large numbers with high production frequencies [26]. Therefore, a number of particles

• coprecipitation of iron oxide, nanoparticles inside of droplets should have significant benefits due to the fast mixing and thermal control compared to batch synthesis. Here, we show a droplet capillary reactor for the synthesis of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles using a coprecipitation reaction. Nanoparticles

• of hot-melt adhesive. The remaining tubing after the junction was submerged in a water bath and the end was placed into a vial filled with water for sample collection. For droplet experiments the formation of droplets was recorded using a bright-field microscope (IX37, Olympus, Japan). Droplet

High-throughput micro-nanostructuring by microdroplet inkjet printing

• Hendrikje R. Neumann and
• Christine Selhuber-Unkel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2372–2380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.222

• in a high-throughput process. Inkjet printing was used to generate droplets of the micelle solution on surfaces, resulting in printed circles that contain patterns of gold nanoparticles with an interparticle spacing between 25 and 42 nm. We tested this method on different silicon and nickel–titanium

• generated on different types of silicon and nickel–titanium (NiTi) materials, thus providing a novel method to micro-nanostructure and functionalize materials, which are relevant in biomaterial and biosensor applications. Results and Discussion Inkjet printing for generating micelle solution droplets The

• 21.5 µm each, and the distance between the nozzles is 254 µm, 16 droplets in a row can be printed at once in less than 1 s. For printing the 4 × 4 matrix shown in Figure 2, a single nozzle was used at a nozzle frequency of about 80 kHz. Including the printer head movement, approximately 16 s were

Surface energy of nanoparticles – influence of particle size and structure

• Dieter Vollath,
• Franz Dieter Fischer and
• David Holec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2265–2276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.211

• early approach, analyzing the equilibrium between a liquid phase and the surrounding vapor, Tolman [17] estimated the surface energy of small droplets. These considerations led to the relation In Equation 2 the quantity d, where d = 2R, stands for the particle diameter and R for its radius; δ is a

Filling nanopipettes with apertures smaller than 50 nm: dynamic microdistillation

• Evelyne Salançon and
• Bernard Tinland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2181–2187, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.204

• molecules are not visible since they do not greatly affect the large meniscus. Most of the vaporized water heads for the narrow part of the nanopipette (right side on the pictures) and re-condenses as a string of droplets as soon as it encounters a significantly colder region. Moving the nanopipette inside

• the loop slowly and regularly away from the meniscus (velocity of about 1 mm/s) either pushes the water vapor with a “moving wall of heat” or re-vaporizes the condensed string of droplets, which re-condenses further. The droplets in the string become smaller and smaller as the tip narrows. The process

• , the reader can see the thin lines delimiting the droplets and the coming meniscus in Figure 4 (we did not enlarge the line thickness on purpose to maintain a global coherent scale). The process is repeated so that the tip water plug grows until the micrometer-scaled part of the capillary becomes

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

• series of experiments using an electrically charged piece of amber. He noticed that a water droplet attained a conical profile in the proximity of charged amber and, if the charge was strong enough, tiny droplets would evolve from the larger water droplet. Gilbert’s experiments laid the foundation for

Cryochemical synthesis of ultrasmall, highly crystalline, nanostructured metal oxides and salts

• Elena A. Trusova and
• Nikolai S. Trutnev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1755–1763, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.166

• (−196 °C) using a special jet injector with a cylindrical nozzle. The spray torch was sent to the liquid nitrogen container, where the formation of cryogranules occurred at a high cooling rate. The instantaneous freezing of the droplets produced by spraying led to the formation and crystallization of

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

• aerosols are a different type of natural NPs formed due to water evaporation and ejection of wave-produced water droplets from seas and oceans into the atmosphere [48]. Usually, the size of these salt aerosols ranges from 100 nm to few micrometers, and are formed via temperature change and evaporation