Fate and transformation of silver nanoparticles in different biological conditions

• Barbara Pem,
• Marija Ćurlin,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Rinea Barbir,
• Vedran Micek,
• Raluca M. Fratila,
• Jesus M. de la Fuente and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 665–679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.53

• biological fluids, obtained from animal experiments. A multimethod approach was used to examine their behaviour and transformation under experimental conditions relevant for in vivo settings by performing dynamic light scattering (DLS), electrophoretic light scattering (ELS), graphite furnace atomic

The preparation temperature influences the physicochemical nature and activity of nanoceria

• Robert A. Yokel,
• Wendel Wohlleben,
• Johannes Georg Keller,
• Matthew L. Hancock,
• Jason M. Unrine,
• D. Allan Butterfield and
• Eric A. Grulke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 525–540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.43

• hydrodynamic diameter (Smoluchowski's approximation) of the as-prepared- (as-loaded) and the partially dissolved nanoceria was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) using a Brookhaven 90Plus Particle Size Analyzer. The zeta potential (0.5 mg/mL) from pH 0.5 to 13, adjusted with nitric acid and sodium

A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

• Gabriel M. Misirli,
• Kishore Sridharan and
• Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

• , UV–vis spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), dynamic light scattering (DLS), among other techniques [33]. The basic principles of the techniques mentioned here are detailed in the following sections. Each AgNPs is unique, depending on its size, state of

• sample stored at 4 °C leading to an overlap, which indicates size and shape stability of the nanoparticles [48]. Dynamic light scattering: Historically, the first approaches to describe interactions between light and nanostructures were published in the early 20th century. Currently, the most popular

Characterization, bio-uptake and toxicity of polymer-coated silver nanoparticles and their interaction with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

• Sahar Pourhoseini,
• Reilly T. Enos,
• Angela E. Murphy,
• Bo Cai and
• Jamie R. Lead

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 282–294, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.23

• pristine AgNPs, including dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV–vis spectroscopy (UV–vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). DLS gave a Z-average hydrodynamic size of 33.7 ± 0.7 nm (mean ± standard deviation) and a PDI (polydispersity index) of

Differences in surface chemistry of iron oxide nanoparticles result in different routes of internalization

• Barbora Svitkova,
• Vlasta Zavisova,
• Veronika Nemethova,
• Martina Koneracka,
• Miroslava Kretova,
• Filip Razga,
• Monika Ursinyova and
• Alena Gabelova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 270–281, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.22

• characteristics of these nanoparticles in the solvent and culture medium are shown in Table 1. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) Particle size distribution and zeta potential of the surface-modified MNPs in stock solution and culture medium were determined by DLS using a Zetasizer Nano-ZS (Malvern Instruments, UK

Effect of different silica coatings on the toxicity of upconversion nanoparticles on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Helena Oliveira and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 35–48, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.3

• -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AHAPS), which provides the nanoparticle surface with a positive charge, increasing their interaction with the cell membrane. The particles were characterized by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), electrophoretic light scattering (ELS), and

• UCNPs, was dried on a carbon-coated copper grid (Cu 400 mesh, Quantifoil®: 100 carbon support films). The images were analyzed using the software FIJI. At least 300 particles per sample were analyzed. Dynamic light scattering and electrophoretic light scattering The DLS and ELS measurements were

• , XRD data, STEM images, ICP-OES, and cell cycle data. Acknowledgements We thank I. Pieper from the research group of Prof. Dr. Martin Kaupenjohann (Technische Universität Berlin) for the ICP-OES measurements, Prof. Dr. R. Haag (Freie Universität Berlin) for providing access to the dynamic light

PEG/PEI-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes as delivery carriers for doxorubicin: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation

• Shuoye Yang,
• Zhenwei Wang,
• Yahong Ping,
• Yuying Miao,
• Yongmei Xiao,
• Lingbo Qu,
• Lu Zhang,
• Yuansen Hu and
• Jinshui Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1728–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.155

• -COOH sample is distinctly smaller than that of the raw SWCNTs, and the sample treated with H2SO4/HNO3 mixed acid solution has the most even size distribution. The particle size of CNTs modified by PEG and PEI increases slightly. It should be noted that dynamic light scattering (DLS) is mainly suitable

Electrokinetic characterization of synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Daniel F. Quevedo,
• Cody J. Lentz,
• Adriana Coll de Peña,
• Yazmin Hernandez,
• Nahal Habibi,
• Rikako Miki,
• Joerg Lahann and
• Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1556–1567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.138

• diameter of 299 ± 128 nm (Figure 1b). The particles were subsequently collected and suspended in media. After allowing the particles to equilibrate for 24 h, the average particle diameter value increased to 356 ± 190 nm according to dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. The size distribution curves

• the desired particles. Particles, in their dry state, were imaged using SEM for shape analysis. To determine their hydrodynamic size distribution after being hydrated, the particles were suspended in ultrapure H2O + 0.01% Tween 20, sonicated on ice, and measured with dynamic light scattering (Malvern

Transient coating of γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles with glutamate for its delivery to and removal from brain nerve terminals

• Konstantin Paliienko,
• Artem Pastukhov,
• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Olga Vasylchenko and
• Tatiana Borisova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1381–1393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.122

• diameter Di. The dispersity (Ð) is expressed by the ratio Dw/Dn, where Dw is the weight-average particle diameter, Dw = ΣNiDi4/ΣNiDi3. The hydrodynamic diameter Dh (z-average) and polydispersity index (PI) as measures of the distribution width were obtained by dynamic light scattering (DLS) with a

• concentrations was considered as 100% in further calculations. Analysis of the size of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in different media by laser correlation spectroscopy The size of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles was measured by dynamic light scattering using a laser correlation spectrometer ZetaSizer-3 (Malvern Instrument, UK

• media measured using laser correlation spectroscopy Nanoparticle distribution by intensity was measured using dynamic light scattering. Peak analysis (intensity) revealed that the overall mean was 171 nm in water (Figure 6a), which is a higher value than that according to the TEM micrographs (10 nm) [21

Wet-spinning of magneto-responsive helical chitosan microfibers

• Dorothea Brüggemann,
• Johanna Michel,
• Naiana Suter,
• Matheus Grande de Aguiar and
• Michael Maas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 991–999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.83

• the IOPs were homogeneously embedded as micrometer-sized agglomerates in the chitosan matrix (Figure 3B,C). Individual IOPs had a diameter of approximately 100 nm whereas their aggregates had a diameter on the order of several micrometers. According to the dynamic light scattering results (Table S2

• IOP dispersions in 1% acetic acid using a dynamic light scattering device (ZetaSizer NanoSP, Malvern, United Kingdom). Preparation of chitosan microfibers with IOPs A coagulation bath containing absolute ethanol (VWR, Darmstadt, Germany) was prepared in a polyethylene terephthalate glycol tube (MOCAP

Identification of physicochemical properties that modulate nanoparticle aggregation in blood

• Ludovica Soddu,
• Duong N. Trinh,
• Eimear Dunne,
• Dermot Kenny,
• Giorgia Bernardini,
• Ida Kokalari,
• Arianna Marucco,
• Marco P. Monopoli and
• Ivana Fenoglio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 550–567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.44

• at room temperature. In the case of SNPs, the samples were sputter-coated with a thick gold film (≈17 nm) under argon atmosphere to improve secondary electron emission during SEM imaging. The NPs morphology was observed at an acceleration voltage of 20 kV. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) The mean

• diameter and polydispersity index (PDI) of the NPs were obtained using a Zetasizer (Nano ZS Malvern Instruments, UK) instrument based on the dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique. The measurements were performed on purified NPs by analysing 0.5 mL of the suspension in ultrapure water, placed in a square

Nanoparticles based on the zwitterionic pillar[5]arene and Ag⁺: synthesis, self-assembly and cytotoxicity in the human lung cancer cell line A549

• Dmitriy N. Shurpik,
• Denis A. Sevastyanov,
• Pavel V. Zelenikhin,
• Pavel L. Padnya,
• Vladimir G. Evtugyn,
• Yuriy N. Osin and
• Ivan I. Stoikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 421–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.33

• studied (Figure 1). The study of self-association of macrocycles 2–4 was carried out in water using the dynamic light scattering (DLS) method. It turned out that the decaamine 2, due to its poor solubility in water, does not form any self-associates across the entire range of concentrations studied (10−3

• out after mixing the solutions at 293 K. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) The particle size distribution formed as a result of self-association of the pillar[5]arenes 2–4 was determined at 20 °С by dynamic light scattering using a nanoparticle size analyzer (Zetasizer Nano ZS, Malvern) in quartz

Brome mosaic virus-like particles as siRNA nanocarriers for biomedical purposes

• Alfredo Nuñez-Rivera,
• Pierrick G. J. Fournier,
• Danna L. Arellano,
• Ana G. Rodriguez-Hernandez,
• Rafael Vazquez-Duhalt and
• Ruben D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 372–382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.28

• obtained by the addition of 6 μL of 1% uranyl acetate for 1 min. The size and zeta potential of the viral nanoparticles and VLPs were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) using a Malvern NanoSizer. The siRNA and the capsid protein were quantified from purified BMV VLP-siAkt1 using the Quant-it

Poly(1-vinylimidazole) polyplexes as novel therapeutic gene carriers for lung cancer therapy

• Gayathri Kandasamy,
• Elena N. Danilovtseva,
• Vadim V. Annenkov and
• Uma Maheswari Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 354–369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.26

• 100, Perkin Elmer, USA). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential measurements: The hydrodynamic size of the PVI–siRNA polyplexes was measured on a Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern instruments, UK). Samples at different volume ratios containing a final siRNA concentration of 100 nM were used for

• nanoparticles in the size range of 80 to 120 nm is clearly discernible from the electron micrographs. The hydrodynamic diameter of the blank PVI nanoparticles measured using dynamic light scattering was found to be about 237 ± 34.6 nm. The zeta potential measured for the blank PVI nanoparticles in HEPES buffer

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

• Arianna Gennari,
• Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
• Erwin Hohn,
• Maria Pelliccia,
• Enrique Lallana,
• Roberto Donno,
• Annalisa Tirella and
• Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

• in the template process and significant aggregation takes place during the TPP–HA exchange. The templated chitosan/HA nanoparticles therefore have a mildly larger size (measured by dynamic light scattering alone or by field flow fractionation coupled to static or dynamic light scattering), and above

Long-term stability and scale-up of noncovalently bound gold nanoparticle-siRNA suspensions

• Anna V. Epanchintseva,
• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Dmitrii V. Pyshnyi,
• Elena I. Ryabchikova and
• Inna A. Pyshnaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2568–2578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.248

• siRNA duplex integrity as well as siRNA surface density. Dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, and electrophoresis were used to study the effect of scaling up the AuNP-siRNA synthesis and long term storage of its suspension on physicochemical properties of the

• stability of the AuNP-siRNA suspensions during storage by gel electrophoresis and dynamic light scattering, studied the samples by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), determined spectral characteristics of the AuNP-siRNA, and monitored the preservation of the siRNA on the AuNP surface by electrophoresis

Bombesin receptor-targeted liposomes for enhanced delivery to lung cancer cells

• Mohammad J. Akbar,
• Pâmela C. Lukasewicz Ferreira,
• Melania Giorgetti,
• Leanne Stokes and
• Christopher J. Morris

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2553–2562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.246

• formulations were prepared using the thin-film technique to yield small and monodisperse vesicles as judged by dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis (Table 1). The colloidal properties of both liposomal formulations were highly similar in terms of size, polydispersity and zeta potential and consistent with

Small protein sequences can induce cellular uptake of complex nanohybrids

• Jan-Philip Merkl,
• Malak Safi,
• Christian Schmidtke,
• Fadi Aldeek,
• Johannes Ostermann,
• Tatiana Domitrovic,
• Sebastian Gärtner,
• John E. Johnson,
• Horst Weller and
• Hedi Mattoussi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2477–2482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.238

• stability studies in culture media were first carried out. We found no sign of aggregation build up for at least 5 hours, as verified using dynamic light scattering measurements, where mono-modal autocorrelation function along with a single intensity vs hydrodynamic size peak (i.e., Laplace transform

pH-Controlled fluorescence switching in water-dispersed polymer brushes grafted to modified boron nitride nanotubes for cellular imaging

• Saban Kalay,
• Yurij Stetsyshyn,
• Volodymyr Donchak,
• Khrystyna Harhay,
• Ostap Lishchynskyi,
• Halyna Ohar,
• Yuriy Panchenko,
• Stanislav Voronov and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2428–2439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.233

• thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry (UV–vis), laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The DLS results demonstrated that P(AA-co-FA)-functionalized BNNTs

• 9600 nm/min scan rate. The excitation and emission wavelength and the maximum fluorescence intensity of each peak were recorded. The concentration of BNNTs was 1 mg/mL. The pH of the suspension was adjusted by adding HCl or NaOH. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) The size distribution and zeta potential

Coating of upconversion nanoparticles with silica nanoshells of 5–250 nm thickness

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Maysoon Saleh,
• Bastian Rühle,
• Ute Resch-Genger and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2410–2421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.231

• of the UCNP@SiO2 core–shell particles was obtained from these STEM images, and the corresponding hydrodynamic diameters were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS, see below in Table 1). Although large, core-free silica particles can easily be obtained by Stöber-like growth processes [28], and

• particles in either cyclohexane for oleate-functionalized UCNP cores or ethanol for silica-coated UCNPs was dried on a carbon-coated copper grid (Cu 400 mesh, Quantifoil®: 100 carbon support films). The images analysis was carried out with the software FIJI. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and

• ) for access to the Dynamic Light Scattering setup and Prof. Dr. E. Rühl (Freie Universität Berlin) for access to the fluorescence spectrometer.

Design of a nanostructured mucoadhesive system containing curcumin for buccal application: from physicochemical to biological aspects

• Sabrina Barbosa de Souza Ferreira,
• Gustavo Braga,
• Évelin Lemos Oliveira,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva,
• Hélen Cássia Rosseto,
• Lidiane Vizioli de Castro Hoshino,
• Mauro Luciano Baesso,
• Wilker Caetano,
• Craig Murdoch,
• Helen Elizabeth Colley and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2304–2328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.222

• CUR. In this sense, the presence of CUR promoted a better structuring of the system. Micelle size analysis The micelle size, polydispersity index (PDI) and D90% of the nanostructured systems with and without CUR were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and the results are displayed in Table 2

Mannosylated brush copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ε-caprolactone) as multivalent lectin-binding nanomaterials

• Stefania Ordanini,
• Wanda Celentano,
• Anna Bernardi and
• Francesco Cellesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2192–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.212

• three days. The crudes were purified by dialysis against water, and the final products (A4-)PEGx-PCLy-Many were lyophilized, achieving moderate to high yields. Nanoparticle formation and size characterization Dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used to determine the hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) of the

Microbubbles decorated with dendronized magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical imaging: effective stabilization via fluorous interactions

• Da Shi,
• Justine Wallyn,
• Dinh-Vu Nguyen,
• Francis Perton,
• Delphine Felder-Flesch,
• Sylvie Bégin-Colin,
• Mounir Maaloum and
• Marie Pierre Krafft

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2103–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.205

• ), were synthesized and grafted on the surface of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) for microbubble-mediated imaging and therapeutic purposes. The size and stability of the dendronized IONPs (IONP@CnX2n+1OEG8Den) in aqueous dispersions were monitored by dynamic light scattering. The investigation of the

• significant reduction of the oleic acid alkyl bands (2926‒2850 cm−1) and the appearance of the OEG signal (1096 cm−1) (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1). The grafting of the dendrons on the IONPs was also confirmed by dynamic light scattering (DLS, Figure 2). The hydrodynamic mean diameter of IONP

Gold-coated plant virus as computed tomography imaging contrast agent

• Alaa A. A. Aljabali,
• Mazhar S. Al Zoubi,
• Khalid M. Al-Batanyeh,
• Ali Al-Radaideh,
• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Abeer Al Sharabi,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Bayan AbuFares,
• Tasnim Al-Zanati,
• Murtaza M. Tambuwala,
• Naveed Akbar and
• David J. Evans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1983–1993, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.195

• limited coalescence. Au-CPMV assemblies were freely suspended; no aggregation was observed by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) or dynamic light scattering (DLS). The successful coating of CPMV particles with gold was confirmed by TEM (Figure 1). Nearly spherical NPs were observed the average diameters

• . 100 nm [36]. Spectroscopic analyses were recorded at ambient temperature (21–28 °C) using quartz cuvettes with an optical path length of 1 cm. Dynamic light scattering DLS measurements were carried out on a Wyatt DynaProTM DP-801 system coupled with Dynamics V7.0.0.95 software. Measurements were

Synthesis and potent cytotoxic activity of a novel diosgenin derivative and its phytosomes against lung cancer cells

• Liang Xu,
• Dekang Xu,
• Ziying Li,
• Yu Gao and
• Haijun Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1933–1942, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.189

• , Di phytosomes (DiP) and P2 phytosomes (P2P) were prepared by a thin-film rehydration method (Figure 3A). Blank lipid nanoparticles without drugs (P) were also prepared with the same process. Particle size and zeta potential of the phytosomes were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The