Isolation of cubic Si₃P₄ in the form of nanocrystals

• Polina K. Nikiforova,
• Sergei S. Bubenov,
• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Andrey S. Kumskov,
• Nikolay N. Kononov,
• Tatyana A. Kuznetsova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 971–979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.80

• nanoparticles with a defective zinc blende structure under mild conditions through thermal annealing of hydrogenated silicon nanoparticles with red phosphorus. The synthesized Si3P4 nanoparticles were analyzed using FTIR, XRD, electron diffraction, EDX, TEM, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

• “WinXPow”. Elemental analysis was carried out on an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer S2 Picofox (Bruker) with total external reflection. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) samples were dispersed in an ultrasonic bath with hexane and then deposited on copper grids with lacey carbon film (SPI Supplies

• -ray fluorescence analyses and XRD analyses of samples annealed with phosphorus at 670, 400, and 900 °C. Calculated frequencies of optical phonons (cm−1) and preliminary designation of the experimentally observed vibrational frequencies of Si3P4 NPs. Supporting Information Supporting Information File

Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device

• Phommachith Sonexai,
• Minh Van Nguyen,
• Bui The Huy and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 793–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.65

• [40][41][42]. Silicon nanostructures with high specific areas are especially popular because they have no fluorescence properties. In this work, we report on the synthesis of a highly sensitive SERS substrate for detecting rhodamine B (RhB) and melamine (MLM) and on the analytical properties of the

A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

• Sanju Tanwar,
• Aditi Sharma and
• Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

• obtained, which will be used as an electrochemical nanosensor in further studies for malathion detection (Figure 1). Characterization FTIR, Raman, UV–vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy measurements were carried out to determine the optical properties of GQDs. A Perkin Elmer LAMBDA 750 spectrophotometer was

• used to record the UV–visible absorbance spectrum. The luminescence characteristics of the GQDs were investigated using a Perkin Elmer LS 55 fluorescence spectrometer. On a Perkin Elmer FT-IR Spectrum 2, FTIR spectra were measured in the range of 500–4000 cm−1 by making KBr pellets of the sample. At

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

• that are time-consuming and require experienced professionals. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with variable porosity, active functional sites, and fluorescence capacity are attractive materials for developing opto-electrochemical sensors. Herein, the insights into the capabilities of electrochemical

• , multistep separation procedure. A fluorescence polarisation immunoassay, which does not require a separation step, is one development that has been made to get around this restriction [22]. Furthermore, chromatographic techniques such as thin-layer chromatography (TLC), liquid chromatography-coupled mass

• as the necessity for technical experts with the necessary training, the limited selectivity and reusability of substrates, and the degradation of substrates with time, which reduces the signal. Several portable electrochemical and optical (chemiluminescence, fluorescence, and electrochemiluminescence

Titania nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of ethanol under simulated solar light

• Evghenii Goncearenco,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Florian Dumitrache,
• Elena Dutu,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Alexandra Sandulescu,
• Crina Anastasescu and
• Ioan Balint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 616–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.51

• fluorescent compound, namely umbelliferone, was monitored with a Carry Eclipse fluorescence spectrometer, slits set to 10 nm in excitation and emission, λexc = 330 nm. The experimental procedure for photocatalytic tests started with dispersing a uniform layer of 0.01 g of titania photocatalyst nanopowder on

Carbon nanotube-cellulose ink for rapid solvent identification

• Tiago Amarante,
• Thiago H. R. Cunha,
• Claudio Laudares,
• Ana P. M. Barboza,
• Ana Carolina dos Santos,
• Cíntia L. Pereira,
• Vinicius Ornelas,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• André S. Ferlauto and
• Rodrigo G. Lacerda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 535–543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.44

• fluorescence spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). These techniques are complex, expensive, and require experts to carry them out. Also, they often require several pretreatment steps with high-cost materials [10][11]. Electronic tongues are a category of liquid sensors that

The origin of black and white coloration of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

• Manuela Rebora,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Silvana Piersanti,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 496–508, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.41

• analysed using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy. Reflectance spectra of the white areas are measured. No clear difference is present in the morphology of micro- and nanostructures of black and white scales in SEM and TEM, but black scales contain a

• . The ultrastructure of the white and black scales on the hindlegs of Ae. albopictus is analysed using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy. Moreover, reflectance spectra of the white areas are measured. The scales are present also on other body

• dry adults using a fluorescence microscope revealed that the white areas on the tarsi show UV-induced fluorescence (Figure 8). The excitation occurs at 365 nm (UV light) and the emission from 397 nm (blue light). Discussion Multifunctional role of the scales The present investigation reveals that the

A mid-infrared focusing grating coupler with a single circular arc element based on germanium on silicon

• Xiaojun Zhu,
• Shuai Li,
• Ang Sun,
• Yongquan Pan,
• Wen Liu,
• Yue Wu,
• Guoan Zhang and
• Yuechun Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 478–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.38

• , transparent, and portable wrist strap sensor and a mechano-based transductive sensor in 2017 and 2018, respectively [16][17]. They have good application prospects in healthcare. In 2020, Xue et al. reported a bismuthene-enabled fluorescence quenching biosensor to detect microRNA, which is relevant to the

The steep road to nonviral nanomedicines: Frequent challenges and culprits in designing nanoparticles for gene therapy

• Yao Yao,
• Yeongun Ko,
• Grant Grasman,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 351–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.30

• ) [16]. Unfortunately, confocal imaging is limited by relatively low throughput (even with automation) and can be ambiguous when determining internalization within 500 nm of the cell membrane [17]. However, widefield fluorescence microscopy is still widely used when it comes to observing the expression

• after image capture (26%, Figure 1a2). Flow cytometry, also a fluorescence-based method, is an alternate assessment of uptake and transfection. It is commonly used for high-throughput cell studies and is known for both rapid data acquisition and large data sets [17]. Flow cytometry can generate large

• surface-bound and internalized NPs. Commonly used techniques are far from optimal, but include non-specific methods for removing surface-bound NPs or quenching surface-bound fluorescence [17]. In addition to the distinction between membrane binding and internalization, there are other concerns associated

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

• evaporation protocols allowed Generalova et al. [39] to prepare ethyl cellulose nanoparticles containing both hydrophobic and hydrophilic fluorescent nanocrystals. Size measurements showed that nanoparticles were in the range of 128–132 nm. Additionally, the corresponding fluorescence-labeled nanoparticles

Overview of mechanism and consequences of endothelial leakiness caused by metal and polymeric nanoparticles

• Magdalena Lasak and
• Karol Ciepluch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 329–338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.28

• their various applications. NPs are characterized by a high surface-to-volume ratio, which in turn leads to a large functional surface area. The possibility of combining NPs with various ligands and biologically active molecules, such as nucleic acids, fluorescence dyes, drugs, tumor markers, and

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

• Qixiong Lin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Yanyan Wen,
• Xiaoqiong Li,
• Donglian Du,
• Weibin Dai,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24

• B16F10 cells, breast cancer 4T1 cells, and African green monkey kidney fibroblast COS-7 cells were used to compare the penetration in brain tissue. The NPs coated with B16F10 and 4T1 cell membranes showed excellent fluorescence aggregation signals 8 h after the nanoformulations were administered

• PBS controls under the same treatment conditions in a mouse HCC model. Through homotypic aggregation and immune evasion, as well as the prevention of premature drug leakage from the biomimetic NPs, the drug was efficiently accumulated at the target site. The fluorescence signal showed a predominant

• entering UM-SCC-7 tumor-bearing mice. (C) Distribution of iron from NPs in UM-SCC-7 tumor-bearing mice. (D) Biomimetic NPs showed high accumulation only in the same tumor tissue in the dual-type tumor model. (E, F) Fluorescence signal distribution of H22 and UM-SCC-7 membrane-encapsulated NPs. Figure 3 was

Structural, optical, and bioimaging characterization of carbon quantum dots solvothermally synthesized from o-phenylenediamine

• Zoran M. Marković,
• Milica D. Budimir,
• Martin Danko,
• Dušan D. Milivojević,
• Pavel Kubat,
• Danica Z. Zmejkoski,
• Vladimir B. Pavlović,
• Marija M. Mojsin,
• Milena J. Stevanović and
• Biljana M. Todorović Marković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 165–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.17

• test internalization of CQDs, Hela cells were treated for 48 h with a concentration of 200 µg/mL CQDs. As shown in Figure 6b, fluorescence imaging demonstrated that CQDs penetrated Hela cells well (compared to Hela cells treated with vehicle control, shown in Figure 6a) and were mainly in the cytoplasm

• exponential function excluding the initial part influenced by light scattering, fluorescence, and the formation of singlet oxygen from excited states of CQDs. Singlet oxygen generation was investigated by UV–vis probe measurements of solutions of 1,3- diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) ethanol (20 µM) as well [52

• /L. Samples were irradiated at 365 and 405 nm with intensities of 6 mW/cm2 and 40 mW/cm2, respectively. The fluorescence of the formed hydroxyterephthalic acid (h-TA) solutions taken after different times of irradiation was measured in 1 × 1 cm2 quartz cuvettes in a right-angle arrangement. The

Antimicrobial and mechanical properties of functionalized textile by nanoarchitectured photoinduced Ag@polymer coating

• Jessica Plé,
• Marine Dabert,
• Helene Lecoq,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Lydie Ploux and
• Lavinia Balan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 95–109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.11

• (chosen for its inertness against microorganism proliferation and for the high image quality it provides with upright fluorescence microscopy). Liquid diffusion assay. The samples were placed in individual, sterile dishes and inoculated with 4 mL of E. coli or C. albicans suspensions of 0.1 OD600. Samples

Gap-directed chemical lift-off lithographic nanoarchitectonics for arbitrary sub-micrometer patterning

• Chang-Ming Wang,
• Hong-Sheng Chan,
• Chia-Li Liao,
• Che-Wei Chang and
• Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 34–44, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.4

• (10 μg/mL in PBS buffer) incubation for 20 min to complete the biorecognition process. Finally, the substrate was gently rinsed by deionized water, immersed in PBS buffer solution, and stored at 4 °C in the dark before further characterization. Fluorescence and bright filed microscopic images were

• captured with an epifluorescence microscope (Axio Imager. M2, Carl Zeiss microscopy, Jena, Germany) equipped with an X-Cite 120 LED (Lumen Dynamics Group, Inc., Mississauga, Canada) lamp. Excitation wavelength was set to 480 nm while emission of 535 nm was collected. Fluorescence images were analyzed with

• moieties are conjugated with streptavidin followed by FITC-labeled anti-streptavidin antibody recognition (Figure 1A). This process results in obvious contrast in fluorescence images, allowing the visualization of biorecognition processes at post lift-off regions. XPS spectroscopy is utilized to monitor

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

• Yuran Wang,
• Xudong Li,
• Haijun Chen and
• Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

• 30 μM) at 37 °C for 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h. Then, the cells were washed, digested, and suspended in 500 μL PBS. The fluorescence was detected by flow cytometry (Becton Dickinson FACSAriaIII cell sorter) in PerCP-Cy5.5 channel to detect the fluorescence of BDP according to our previous report [22

• complex nanoparticles with suitable particle size (73 nm) for in vivo application. Besides, at this molar ratio, BDP could be successfully grafted onto the LNPs. Flow cytometry was employed to study the cellular uptake efficiencies of AB-LNPs and free BDP by detecting the fluorescence of BDP in the PerCP

• -Cy5-5 channel. 4T1 cells treated with AB-LNPs showed an evident increase in mean fluorescence intensity with the extension of the incubation time and reached the peak at 6 h (Figure 4a,b). The uptake amount of AB-LNPs after 6 h incubation time was nine times higher than that of the control, indicating

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• properties, and thus the fluorescence emission can be tuned by controlling different sizes. Due to their unique electronic, physical, and optical properties, metal nanoclusters have attracted great interest in recent years for electronic devices, catalysis, bioimaging, and chemical sensing [18][19][20][21

• , dimethoate, and phorate were broken. The hydrolysis products contain sulfhydryl groups that bind to the silver atoms on the surface of the silver nanoclusters. The formation of non-fluorescent polymers resulted in a significant quenching of the fluorescence of the silver nanoclusters. Cu2+ effectively

• quenched the fluorescence of DNA-templated silver nanoclusters (DNA-AgNCs), while the strong chelation between glyphosate and Cu2+ restored the fluorescence of the nanoclusters. The method showed good linearity in the concentration range of 1 ng/mL–50 ng/mL, and the detection limit reached 0.2 ng/mL. In

A super-oscillatory step-zoom metalens for visible light

• Yi Zhou,
• Chao Yan,
• Peng Tian,
• Zhu Li,
• Yu He,
• Bin Fan,
• Zhiyong Wang,
• Yao Deng and
• Dongliang Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1220–1227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.101

• emission depletion microscopy (STED) can realize the localization of single fluorescent molecules with 1 nm accuracy [2], albeit with the disadvantages of required fluorescence labeling and slow image reconstruction. Super-resolution microscopy based on structured light illumination (SIM) can realize a

Rapid fabrication of MgO@g-C₃N₄ heterojunctions for photocatalytic nitric oxide removal

• Minh-Thuan Pham,
• Duyen P. H. Tran,
• Xuan-Thanh Bui and
• Sheng-Jie You

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1141–1154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.96

• (HR-XPS). The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the materials was carried out in the form of fluorescence analysis with an excitation wavelength range of 200–900 nm. Finally, the photocatalytic mechanism was determined by trapping tests and ESR measurements. Photocatalytic performance The

• strongly depends on the optical properties. Photoluminescence Fluorescence spectra of MgO and 3% MgO@g-C3N4 are shown in Figure 10a and Figure 10b, respectively. MgO shows strong fluorescence at 270 nm with an excitation wavelength (270 nm) in the UV range. MgO also shows another emission wavelength at 380

• nm with an excitation wavelength (770 nm) in the visible range, which could be caused by the native structural defects in MgO [18]. 3% MgO@g-C3N4 shows intense fluorescence at 420 nm via excitation at 850 nm, due to the recombination of charge carriers. The photogenerated electrons from the valance

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• . Surface passivation with different functional groups generates surface defects, which produces fluorescence and also generates new active sites for modification for specific applications. CDs can be chemically modified by many heteroatoms, including N, P, and S, and many other chemicals that increase

• applications [36], tumor marker detection [37], bioanalytical studies [38], biomedical [39][40] and biotechnological applications [3], biosensing and bioimaging [31][32], and fluorescence [41] and photoluminescence processes [42]. Many reviews about CDs obtained from natural resources have been published

• contrast, provides homogenous and effective heating and speed up the reaction to merely a few minutes. Hence, this approach is considered the fastest and simplest amongst the synthesis methodologies and has become widely used. The fluorescence emissions of CDs are usually blue and green (i.e., in the low

Biomimetic chitosan with biocomposite nanomaterials for bone tissue repair and regeneration

• Se-Kwon Kim,
• Sesha Subramanian Murugan,
• Pandurang Appana Dalavi,
• Sebanti Gupta,
• Sukumaran Anil,
• Gi Hun Seong and
• Jayachandran Venkatesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1051–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.92

• were identified by fluorescence imaging. Cells adhered on nanofibers show a better cell phenotype, and this was corroborated by morphological characterisation via SEM [72] (Figure 6). Misra and colleagues developed chitosan–graphene nanocomposite scaffolds that modify cell–scaffold interactions

Gelatin nanoparticles with tunable mechanical properties: effect of crosslinking time and loading

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss,
• Daniel Schorr,
• Julia K. Metz,
• Metin Yildirim,
• Saeed Ahmad Khan and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 778–787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.68

• primary amine functions, and, therefore, it cannot be crosslinked into the particle matrix by glutaraldehyde. FITC-dextran 70 kDa was loaded into nanoparticles by incorporation during precipitation and subsequent crosslinking of the nanoparticles. The fluorescence intensity was measured after enzymatic

• loading of FITC-dextran was determined by dissolving the gelatin network using enzymatic degradation. The fluorescence intensity of the resulting solution was measured [18]. Therefore, 5 mg of freeze-dried GNPs were dispersed in 5 mL PBS containing 2.5 mg trypsin at room temperature. After 6 h of

• incubation, samples were centrifuged. The fluorescence intensity of supernatants was measured with the spectrofluorometer Duetta™ (Horiba Europe GmbH, Oberursel, Germany) using an excitation wavelength of 493 nm and an emission wavelength of 519 nm. Concentrations were calculated using a calibration row made

Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly

• Lingling Xia,
• Qinyue Wang and
• Ming Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67

• realized, showing an anisotropic alignment of fluorescent guest molecules and directional fluorescence [122]. To match with the lattice structure, the grown coordination polymer sometimes may rotate to find the best lattice match with the substrate [123]. In most cases, the lattices of the substrate and

Hierarchical Bi₂WO₆/TiO₂-nanotube composites derived from natural cellulose for visible-light photocatalytic treatment of pollutants

• Zehao Lin,
• Zhan Yang and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 745–762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.66

• reference standard for solid samples. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra were obtained on a Shimadzu RF-5301PC fluorescence spectrometer under a laser excitation of 360 nm. In order to observe the microstructures of the samples, a small amount of a given sample was dispersed in ethanol to generate a

A nonenzymatic reduced graphene oxide-based nanosensor for parathion

• Sarani Sen,
• Anurag Roy,
• Ambarish Sanyal and
• Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 730–744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.65

• (mass, absorption, fluorescence) techniques are time-consuming, laborious, costy, require specific and sophisticated instruments and trained personnel, and most often are not portable to enable on-site detection [5][6]. Electrochemical nanosensors are one of the preferred methodologies due of their fast