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Search for "hydrophobic" in Full Text gives 400 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75
- , which includes physical adsorption and electrostatic binding (Figure 3) [38]. Physical adsorption consists of either non-covalent weak hydrophobic or electrostatic hydrogen bonding, or attractive van der Waals interaction between antibodies and NPs [39]. Ionic binding, in contrast, involves an
- demonstrated that no additional steps for conjugation were required, such as antibody modification or NP surface group activation. However, there are several drawbacks of this method. The method is the least stable and requires high concentrations of antibodies for adsorption. Hydrophobic interaction can also
Biomimetics on the micro- and nanoscale – The 25th anniversary of the lotus effect
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 850–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.69
- dehumidifiers or water purifiers. The authors here present a model based on a carbon nanotube structure that might finally provide a route to the breakthrough in this field. Their archetype, the Namibian desert beetle, uses a geometric separation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions to harvest and drive water
Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52
- redox reaction during the electron deactivation process. For effective quenching, a complex driven by either hydrophobic, van der Waals, or π–π-stacking interactions is generated between the electron donor and the electron acceptor with a separation on a sub-nanometre length scale. The complexation of
Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36
- absorbers. Half of the surface consists of hydrophilic groups and the other half is hydrophobic groups. Through capillary action, the hydrophilic section sequentially supplies water to the evaporation region, while the hydrophobic segment regulates the surplus water that leads to heat loss in the bulk water
- applied on top of the PS insulator without the need for an additional water transport layer. Membranes Janus structural membranes with hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces are key structures for highly efficient SSGs. Such Janus membranes can be easily produced by filtering or coating hydrophilic
- membranes with hydrophobic photothermal material particles. Over the past years, various types of SSG membranes have been studied [37][39][45][54][56][57]. These SSG membranes can be applied to, for example, seawater desalination and photocatalytic degradation by utilizing the photothermal and separation
Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 434–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.35
- water impermeability of the bilayer membrane causes one-dimensional swelling and diffusion, and the hydrophobic aggregates act as sacrificial bonds to yield high mechanical strength and toughness during deformation. The abovementioned general examples could be involved in parts of nanoarchitectonics
Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29
- . Nanoemulsions can be formulated to contain oily (hydrophobic) droplets in a continuous aqueous phase, that is, as in oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions or aqueous droplets in a continuous oily (hydrophobic) phase as in water-in-oil (W/O) nanoemulsions. To form an emulsion, the liquid to be dispersed should be
- emulsification processes that involve phase inversion are based on the phase inversion temperature (PIT) or the phase inversion composition (PIC). The PIT method [6][7][8] applies to nonionic ethoxylated surfactants that change from water-soluble (hydrophilic) to oil-soluble (hydrophobic) with increasing
- roughly estimated by [18]: where Ms is the surfactant molecular weight, as is the area occupied per surfactant molecule at the O/W interface, NA is Avogadro’s number, ρ0 is the density of the oil phase, Ros is the oil/surfactant mass ratio, and vL is the molar volume of the hydrophobic part of the
Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23
- of molecularly targeted drugs, chemotherapeutic agents, and siRNA. Historically, the most promising first-generation, passive targeting, stealth polymer NPs for anticancer drug/gene delivery are hydrophobic core–hydrophilic shell NPs including (i) self-assembled kinetically stable amphiphilic block
- the lysosomes, exposing the PDMAEMA layer decorated with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) ligand to the environment. The TPP lipophilic cation is characterized by a large hydrophobic surface area, which facilitates its permeation throughout phospholipid bilayers, lysosomal escape due to the proton sponge
- physicochemical properties (polar headgroup, linker region, and type and length of hydrophobic domain), PEG amount, PEG lipid alkyl length, as well as the physicochemical properties of the LNPs (zeta potential, pKa value, and structure and conformation of the lipid bilayer) will result in improved targeting
Cyclodextrins as eminent constituents in nanoarchitectonics for drug delivery systems
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 218–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.21
- photocatalytic process destroy subcellular structures (e.g., cell membranes or organelle membranes). Various types of cancers are effectively treatable without significant side effects. However, most photosensitizers available at present are hydrophobic and easily aggregate in aqueous solution. Thus, the
- enhances the hydrophobic interactions of the poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) segments, stabilizing the hydrogel. The anticancer drug DOX encapsulated in the hydrophobic core is slowly released through the dissolution of the hydrogel to micelles. By modifying β-CyD with both N-acetyl-ʟ-cysteine and arginine
Structural, optical, and bioimaging characterization of carbon quantum dots solvothermally synthesized from o-phenylenediamine
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 165–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.17
- oxygen or any other reactive oxygen species. In our previous works, we used polyoxyethylene−polyoxypropylene−polyoxyethylene Pluronic 68 (PF68) as precursor to synthesize hydrophobic CQDs [18][19]. These quantum dots produce high levels of singlet oxygen, and their chemical composition differs from that
- composites has a crucial effect on the properties of CQDs/PU composites. Cellular uptake Photobleaching limits the use of hydrophobic probes (e.g., Nile red) [50]. CQDs can be used as probes for bioimaging because of the tuneable strong photoluminescence and high resistance to photobleaching. In order to
- 12 h at 180 °C. All chemicals were purchased and used as received. After synthesis, CQDs were filtered through polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filters with 100 nm pore size. The prepared hydrophobic CQDs (toluene solution, 20 mL) were encapsulated into medical grade polyurethane (PU) films (dimension
Solvent-induced assembly of mono- and divalent silica nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 52–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.6
- with two patches functionalized with metal-coordination-based recognition units [20], and by co-assembly of block copolymer micelles and hard nanoparticles [21]. Particles with two patches located at opposite poles have been assembled into a Kagome lattice by hydrophobic interactions [22], into chains
- by liquid bridging [23], and into a series of structures under an AC electric field [24]. The linear self-assembly of patchy gold nanorods tethered with hydrophobic polymer chains at both ends can be triggered by solvophobic attractions induced by a change in solvent quality [25]. By using post
Atmospheric water harvesting using functionalized carbon nanocones
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.1
- [17]. This beetle has hydrophilic spots on its back, which transform vapor into liquid water. For the collection to be efficient, below the hydrophilic spots, its wings are hydrophobic, and the captured water moves from hydrophilic to hydrophobic parts driven by gravity. The efficiency of this process
- led to the development of mimetic strategies [18][19][20][21], which require the combination of wetting and dewetting properties used by the beetle. The hydrophobic region, as is also the case for the cactus, is fundamental for the mobility of water. Water presents other kinds of anomalous behavior in
- slowing down when confined in biological structures with the presence of hydrophobic and hydrophilic sites [25]. Water confined in hydrophobic structures, such as carbon nanotubes with diameters below 2 nm, exhibits a fast flow that exceeds values provided by classical hydrodynamics [26]. This super flow
Single-step extraction of small-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes in the presence of riboflavin
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1564–1571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.130
- carbon nanotube geometries remain one of the paramount technological challenges for their potential applications [2][5][8][9][10]. The noncovalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes promotes their individualization due to hydrophobic interactions between nanotubes and surfactant molecules that also
- -step gel filtration. We found that the riboflavin molecules are selectively adsorbed on small-diameter semiconducting SWCNTs facilitating specific hydrophobic interactions between the nanotubes and gel extraction media consistent with first-principles calculations. Results and Discussion Riboflavin as
Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118
- are hydrophobic PTAs with rigid structure and poor water solubility [11][12]. Therefore, several lipid nanoparticulate drug delivery systems have been reported to encapsulate BODIPYs to improve their water solubility and photostability while retaining their original photothermal effects [13][14
- delivery systems through van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonds, π–π stacking, or electrostatic or hydrophobic interactions [24]. Several BODIPYs have been reported to be loaded into liposomes for cancer therapy [25]. Therefore, we speculated that BODIPY can be associated with our previously reported
- in H2O. The binding of hydrophobic BDP onto Au-LNPs might affect the light absorption of Au nanoclusters. The loading efficiency of BDP in AB-LNPs determined by using UV–vis measurements (λex = 600 nm) is 51 ± 1.2% (n = 3). A TEM image of AB-LNPs is shown in Figure 1c. Particles with diameters of ca
Dry under water: air retaining properties of large-scale elastomer foils covered with mushroom-shaped surface microstructures
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1370–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.113
- superhydrophobic surfaces and self-cleaning properties are available on the market [1][6][7]. A most interesting feature of certain superhydrophobic surfaces is their ability to maintain a persistent air layer submerged under water. This ability is called Salvinia effect [5][8][9][10]. Due to the hydrophobic
Straight roads into nowhere – obvious and not-so-obvious biological models for ferrophobic surfaces
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1345–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.111
- via hierarchically organised hydrophobic surface structures when forced under water [3][21][22]. There are three levels of protection against wetting in Collembola: (i) a hairy cover consisting of bristles with water pinned to the tips (Figure 3a), (ii) nanoscopic hexagonal or rhombic comb structures
Roll-to-roll fabrication of superhydrophobic pads covered with nanofur for the efficient clean-up of oil spills
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1228–1239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.102
- during the last twenty-five years [1]. Prominent examples include wall colors that let dust and soil drop off when it rains [2], hydrophobic coatings for glass surfaces (e.g., cameras at toll stations or windshields for better visibility [3]), anti-graffiti paints [4], as well as textiles that repel
- distilled water in the sessile drop method with a droplet volume of 1 µL. Due to the hydrophobic nature of the surface, drops tend to roll to areas with lower contact angles when performing measurements. This leads to slightly lowered average contact angles. The relatively high measurement uncertainty of
- contact angle measurements, especially on hydrophobic surfaces, can further distort the measured values [30]. The quality of the nanofur in terms of its hydrophobicity and oil absorption quantity depends on several processing factors including length of the hairs, their density, and their overall
Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100
- crucial role in various biological processes. Since its isopropyl side group may connect to the chiral center, Val may be an ideal model to study the influence of hydrophobic side groups on a possible chiral effect. Sun et al. investigated the chiral adsorption of different modulate proteins on ʟ(ᴅ)-Val
- affinity between proteins and chiral selectors. It was elucidated that stereoselective hydrophobic interactions are the major driving forces that govern protein adsorption on ʟ-Val-modified surfaces. Besides small biomolecules, biological macromolecules, such as proteins and enzymes, also show natural
- . 1-TNA and 3-MPEA may induce the SA peptide chain to stretch and the aromatic heterocyclic hydrophobic groups of Trp residues and Tyr residues to be exposed, which weaken hydrophobic interactions and strengthen n–π* and π–π* interactions. For 2-OT and MEL cases, their hydroxy groups (−OH) may form
Application of nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1185–1200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.99
- induced voltage was detected from the top and lower electrodes during movement. Annealing treatment and plasma cleaning of the carbon particle layer have significant effects on the output voltage. After the treatment, the material changes from hydrophobic to hydrophilic, the contact angle decreases from
- energy from the movement of water droplets and provides a 3 V, 2 μA instantaneous electrical output. It is designed as a hydrophobic layer plus a polymeric dielectric layer with an electrode layer for electron flow at the bottom [78]. As shown in Figure 6e and f, the effects of different ions on the
Interaction between honeybee mandibles and propolis
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 958–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.84
- to remove hydrophobic substances and the wax layer from mandibles [27]. The ultrasonic bath facilitates the dissolving procedure and particle removal from the surface. To visualise the effect of washing, dry untreated mandibles and mandibles treated with the different solvents were examined using a
Design of a biomimetic, small-scale artificial leaf surface for the study of environmental interactions
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 944–957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.83
- [1]. The plant cuticle is a thin extracellular membrane superimposed on the epidermal cells of all higher, non-woody, aboveground plant surfaces. It is basically composed of an insoluble polymeric matrix, cutin, and soluble hydrophobic waxes. The plant cuticle is known to have a variety of vital
- °), hydrophobic (90° ≤ θ < 150°), and superhydrophobic (150° ≤ θ < 180°) [27]. Due to its chemical composition, the cuticle is generally a hydrophobic surface. However, plant surfaces show a large variability of cell shapes, surface structures, and hierarchical structures (a combination of micro- and
- differences in the amounts of single wax components between the waxes of greenhouse plants, of outdoor plants, and wax-coated artificial leaf surfaces were only found for substances with amounts below 0.5 µg·cm−2. Analysis of wetting properties All wheat leaves were highly hydrophobic (leaf 2, 3, and 4) on
Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81
- attraction, and hydrophobic interaction free energies of surface-bound hydrophilic polyethylene oxide (PEO) polymer [67]. Greater surface density and chain length of terminally attached PEO chains were reported to correlate to a lower van der Waals attractive component. In turn, steric repulsion of the
- , antimicrobial, and antibiofouling properties, including the formation of an oriented monolayer of bacterial flagellin proteins on hydrophobic surfaces [73], a reduction of oral bacteria adhesion on dental brackets by more than 95% due to a reduced surface free energy [74], and the fabrication of antifouling
- organic and inorganic macromolecules that absorb on the underlying materials. The various locomotive appendices, the glycocalyx, and hydrophobic molecules mediating non-specific binding interactions help bacterial attachment even in presence of repulsive forces [77][78]. To address the target protein
Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67
- assemble 2D coordination polymers. To facilitate the assembly of 2D coordination polymers, a modular assembly strategy was developed [144][145]. In the process, the hydrophobic 2D coordination polymers nanosheets were dispersed in ethanol first. Then, the suspension was spread on the surface of water. The
Design and selection of peptides to block the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain by molecular docking
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 699–711, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.62
- of the most commonly used programs [16][17][21]. ADV provides theoretical information about hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals interactions. It can also predict the binding pose and binding affinity [20]. Considering these important features, ADV
- PEP-FOLD3.5’s model prediction servers using the reported peptide sequence for those that lacked it [28][29][30][31][32]. All peptides analyzed were compared with the ACE2-derived peptide IEEQAKTFLDKFNHEAEDLFYQSS (I21 to S44 of ACE2) [7]. The electrostatic surface potential, hydrophobic interactions
- this analysis, the number of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions involved in the APD–RBD complexes was determined by the LigPlot+ software (Table 1) [35]. The numbers of hydrogen bonds per residue and hydrophobic interactions go from 0.25 to 0.95 and from 17 to 31, respectively. The binding
Stimuli-responsive polypeptide nanogels for trypsin inhibition
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 538–548, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.45
- network due to predominant polymer–medium interactions [27]. The subsequent increase of pH to 7.4 led to the decrease of DH of PHEG-Tyr nanogel to 131 nm driven by stronger polymer–polymer interactions including hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds, leading to a shrinkage of the PHEG-Tyr nanogel
- to the measurement at 25 °C as a result of the contribution from hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds. However, it is important to note that the measurement was also affected by the broad particle size distribution of Nα-Lys-NG nanogel documented by the error bars in Figure 3a. PDI values
- of BSA (pI 4.7) and, thus, BSA adsorption is driven by electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions [30][31]. PHEG-Tyr nanogel was incubated with three different 125I-radiolabeled BSA concentrations (1, 0.75, and 0.5 mg/mL), and the loading efficiency was found to be low, that is, 2.1% (21 µg/mL), 1.9
Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32
- room temperature is less than 6 V, and the switch fails after 12 life cycles. Graphene NEM switches can be used as phase shifters in RF MEMS systems due to the stable lattice and hydrophobic surface of graphene. In addition, GR-NEM switches can also be used as ESD devices in integrated circuits, which
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